Hohe Strasse (Cologne)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
View from Cologne Cathedral
View of the course of the Hohe Straße towards the Cologne Cathedral

The High Street is a 680-meter-long shopping street in the center of Cologne in the district Altstadt-Nord . It runs as a pedestrian zone in a north-south direction between Wallrafplatz and Hohe Pforte street with access to Schildergasse . The street name is pronounced with an emphasis on "high" and, contrary to the language used, is not bent . In 2019, Hohe Strasse was the fifth most frequented shopping street in Germany.

History of origin

The origin of the Hohe Straße lies in Roman times . Its current course is based on the former Roman Cardo maximus ( north-south axis ), the main street with a direct connection to today's Decumanus maximus (east-west axis, in Cologne the Schildergasse ). At the intersection of the two was the forum , the central Roman marketplace. The 7–8 meter wide Cardo maximus ( Latin cardo 'hinge' or 'rear edge of the door', maximus 'large') ran from Severinstorburg via Severinstraße, Hohe Pforte, Hohe Straße to the Eigelsteintorburg . The high street was between the Porta praetoria ( north gate ) and the Porta decumana (high gate), the signal flag "four winds" was exactly between the two gates. "At the four winds" was the point from which the north gate was 400 meters north and the Porta decumana 'south gate' 400 meters south . As part of the north-south axis of Roman military roads, Hohe Straße is one of the most historic streets in Cologne. Although almost two millennia have passed since its creation, its course and the location of the streets that flow into or cross them have largely been preserved. Only the widths and levels of the street experienced significant changes.

Early and Middle Ages

Roman times

The Romans called it Strata lapidea (Latin lapis , stone, meaning paved road). That was justified, because it was paved almost entirely and thus probably the only paved street in the city. The logistics of the Roman military were excellently organized. There were team quarters, hospitals , large kitchens, thermal baths , latrines, storage buildings, granaries, administration buildings, blacksmiths for weapons and equipment, and stables for horses and pack animals along and in the vicinity of the inner-city camp road . A combat group ( contubernium ) made up of eight soldiers each had a mule and a food store, among other things. For the soldiers there was a staff building ( principia ) and a luxurious residential building for the commander ( praetorium ). The full memory of the legion's location at the Cardo maximus ensured an emergency supply for two years. In addition, there was the Roman engineering work with regard to the drinking water supply of their location by means of a fresh water supply from the foothills and the Eifel as well as a sophisticated sewage disposal system. Based on these efforts, it can be assumed that the Romans made long-term plans for the region and the later Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium (CCAA).

middle Ages

In the Middle Ages it kept its Latin name Super stratam lapideam in 1189 , and in 1260 it was called In lapidea platea . Canon Johann von Zülpich bought the house "Zur golden Waage" here (today Hohe Straße 133) and next door between 1276 and 1290 the house "Zur Colorful Feder". Count Wilhelm IV of Jülich acquired the "Haus Jülich" (No. 111), later named after him, in 1272 and rebuilt it. After his death, his widow Rikarda, Countess of Jülich, inherited it. The Glesch family of goldsmiths acquired house no. 77–79 ("Glesch House") in 1377 and had it furnished with wall paintings and a valuable wooden ceiling construction from 1390 and owned the house until 1525. After that it was called "zur Mühle", from 1679 "zur." Monstrance"; it burned down in 1896. The rise of the patrician Johann Rinck can be seen in his house purchases in the Hohe Straße area. On April 27, 1430, Rinck bought "Haus Nideggen" (no. 135), in 1435 he acquired the neighboring house "Heimbach" (no. 137), which he connected to "Haus Nideggen" in 1435 and lived in himself. His wife Geirtgin seems to have brought half of the house "to the (new) golden scales" with her, because after her death Rinck was able to acquire the other half on July 25, 1439 and release it in 1445. By amalgamation, the name-giving house was created “to the golden scales” (No. 133). The 4 houses can be clearly seen on the Mercator map. Nephew Hermann Rinck continued the family real estate expansion and between 1448 and 1464 acquired the houses "zum Großer Atfang" and "Haus Lewenstein" on Hohe Straße.

"To the golden scales" later came into the possession of councilor and pharmacist Johann Bruckmann (around 1674) and then belonged to the pharmacist Johann von Wiedenbrück (Wydenbrucge; † 1678). In German, the street name appeared for the first time before 1300 as Up deme st (e) ynwege 'Auf dem Steinweg'. This name can be found in a reply from Archbishop Heinrich I of Cologne to the criticism brought against him by the city of Cologne from 1238. Heydenrich Groene acquired two row houses in 1334 ("under one roof") up deme steynweg , on May 15, 1397 the house zum Roden Lebarde (on the red leopard) at Obenmarspforten 1 / corner of Hohe Strasse is mentioned, which was acquired on April 29, 1411 by the painter Wilhelm von Bergerhausen. Everhard Treynkin bought the two houses "Graloch" (No. 87) and "Gryne" (No. 89) on August 11, 1446. The "Haus Duisberg" belonging to Pastor Sebastian von Duisberg was still "on the stone path" in May 1447.

Old university district

Seal of the University of Cologne

The northern section of Hohe Straße near the cathedral touched the quarter of the old University of Cologne , which was built at the end of the 14th century and was founded in 1388 on the initiative of the city. The buildings were distributed decentrally in the side streets to the west - at first church or monastery buildings were used for the first smaller educational institutions.

The Aula theologica was located on the cathedral cloister, and the artist faculty building in Stolkgasse . Teachers and scholars settled near the university . Students' courses like those of lawyers and theologians emerged. Many canons lived in the area “at the legal school”, “Minoritenstraße” and “Mariagartengasse” . “On the castle wall”, on the other hand, many doctors and licentiates settled down. For example, there were initially two smaller colleges for law on the street later called “ An der Rechtschule ”, which opens into Hohe Straße at the section “An der Hohe Schmiede” . One was the Kronenburse , which was in the front building in front of the law school.

Street names

Hohe Strasse on the Cologne cityscape from 1570 by Arnold Mercator
Hohe Strasse / corner of Brückenstrasse ("An den vier Winden"; around 1850)
Hohe Straße "On the four winds" (woodcut by Richard Brend'amour , around 1880)
Hohe Strasse / corner of Brückenstrasse, Queen-Augusta-Passage (1883)

In 1449 part of the Hohe Straße was first called Under spermecheren , from 1545 Under spermecher , because armories were located here. But also the painters - to which the Wappensticker belonged - had their Gaffelhaus 1402/03 “zum Turni” on “Unter Wappensticker”, but since 1452 in “Haus Rosenbaum” in Schildergasse, which was named after them earlier. This section between Schildergasse and Glockengasse did not belong to Hohe Straße in the Middle Ages and was the location of the coat of arms sticker trade, which received its official letter on April 14, 1397 and was thereby recognized as a guild . The guild house of the Harnischmacher (called Sarworts in Cologne; Helmschläger) was at no. 125 after they too had achieved their recognition as a guild on April 14, 1397. The guild of harness makers was the only metalworking guild that expressly prohibited women’s work.

Part of the Hohe Straße, which led from Brückenstraße towards the cathedral, was initially called inter hastila (rios) 'Between the waves', from October 6, 1404 this was translated as Under Schechtmecheren , and from November 28, 1425 as Under Scheychtmecheren ' shaft maker '. "Before the Augustinians" was the name of the section between today's Cäcilienstraße and Gürzenichstraße, where from June 12, 1408 a guild was located in the "Schwarzenhaus" ( Swartzen hüs ; No. 11), the guild of all non-guild merchants and notaries, Doctors or pharmacists acted. In 1440 the “Vogtshaus” brewery was located in the street. A monastery of the Augustinian hermits stood here at today's Augustinerplatz from 1264 to 1802 . The "Schwarzenhaus" was acquired in 1629 by the printer Peter Metternich. The street name Onder Pannenslegeren is documented for this section in a document dated June 11, 1461, in which the smoke nuisance from smelting works is complained about ( from the smelssen Onder Pannenslegeren of the copper and lead smelter Thomas von Venrath). With its many name changes, the Hohe Straße exemplifies the practice of the Middle Ages, changes in the street name due to changed perceptions until a - not final - consensus was reached.

In addition to the shrine books , one of the most important sources of name research is the oldest city ​​map , which the cartographer Arnold Mercator drew up on behalf of the city council in 1570. In his Cologne city view from 1570, Arnold Mercator divides the course of Hohe Straße from the "Schildergaß" into the sections Onder Wappensticker (to Brückenstraße), Onder Spoirmecheren (to Minoritenstraße), An der Gülder Wagen (to Wallrafplatz; named after the The house that once stood here, “zur golden scales”) and “An der high Schmiede” (Wallrafplatz to Unter Fettenhennen). The first section of the street, from the north gate of the city, was the small street Unter Fettenhennen behind the cathedral monastery. The street, starting at the end of Trankgasse , was named after a house on its west side called "zur Henne". The street name derived from this house was mentioned as early as 1400 as zo der hennen . In a tax list from 1478 it is called zo vetterhennen . The hen logo , shown with or without a chick, was also adopted by the later owner of the printing company Arnold Mylius for the bookstore founded in 1585 at the same location. The bookstore and printer of the company "Zur Fetten Henne" were located extremely favorably in the quarter of the old Cologne University (1388–1798) on the right side of Hohe Straße. They existed in the same place for over 200 years. The street section Under Schechtmecheren was called by Mercator Onder Spoirmecheren (today Sporergasse bears this name), the street name Onder Pannenslegeren appeared in Mercator's city map from 1570 as Unter Pfannenschleger .

Business, property and tax

According to an estimate from 1426, the parish of St. Kolumba, to which the Hohe Straße also belonged, comprised between 6,000 and 8,000 inhabitants. This was about a fifth of the total city population. The social structure of the parish can be seen from the tax lists of the time.

In terms of commercial operations, the tax list of 1286 in the parish includes 13 blacksmiths, twelve bakeries, seven breweries, two mills, two finishing establishments and a bath room. Twelve furriers , eight tanners , four shoemakers , five kettle beaters and five belt makers as well as three stone cutters are also named . While brewers and bakers were spread across all streets, while other professions were preferentially located in a special street, butchers and fishmongers did not yet have a permanent place of business and sell their products at markets such as the fish market on the grounds of the church Groß St. Martin on the banks of the Rhine .

According to the surveys of 1286, traders belonged to the middle tax bracket. The large number of “Amtleutehäuses” with their recorded average value was already on the threshold of the maximum tax rate. The higher value of the land and houses belonging to the officials makes it clear that the political class also belonged to the economic upper class of the city. This class also included merchants , merchants , landowners and members of the “patriciate”, whose houses were mostly in the eastern area of ​​the parish below Hohe Straße.

The "Paradies-Apotheke" is the oldest Cologne pharmacy, which was founded here in July 1618 in No. 85/87 in the "Haus zum Gryn" as the "Apotheke an den Vierwinde". In 1744 the move to Obenmarspforten No. 17 took place in the "Haus zum Paradies", whose name she took up as "Paradies-Apotheke". In 1845 the shop moved again to Severinstraße 160; Since November 1990 it has been located there at no. 162a, where it still sells medicines with Cologne names ( Kölsch "för de Ping", meaning painkillers ).

Founding period

Brückenstraße / corner of Hohe Straße, "An den vier Winden", (around 1889)
Feinhals office building, Cologne (1890)
Hohe Strasse around 1895
Hohe Strasse - Stollwerck House (1910)
Hohe Straße 43–53 / Schildergasse - Tietz department store (1914)

During the founding period, the street name “Hochstraße” became common for the subsection “Unter gülden Wagen”. Johann Maria Farina initially set up a shop in 1723 at Obenmarspforten 23 "across from Jülichsplatz". After Johann Maria Farina died on November 25, 1766, his son Josef Anton Farina acquired the "Mulenark House" in "Unter gülden Wagen" 4506 (Hochstrasse 129) from his inheritance in 1768. The three sons of Johann Maria Farina opened separate shops, namely Joseph Anton took over his father's company "Johann Anton Farina zur Stadt Mayland, Hochstraße Nro. 129 ”(“ Unter gold wagon ”No. 4506), Johann Maria founded“ Johann Maria Farina for the city of Turin Hochstraße Nro. 111 ”(“ Under gold wagon ”5095), the third son went to Paris. The house at no. 111 once belonged to Count Wilhelm IV of Jülich and was therefore called "House Jülich".

Johann Anton Farina's nephew, Carl Anton Zanoli , settled in No. 92 as a distiller of Cologne water. In 1797 there were only three other suppliers of Eau de Cologne in addition to these three famous suppliers: Bernard Keuten, Carl la Forest and Johann Abraham Leonards, The luxury goods trade (fashion, colognes , cigars and books) increasingly settled on Hohe Straße ) on. At number 149 was "Haus Rom", which the Gymnich ( Gymnicus ) printer family lived in. This has been selling its printed matter since 1556 at the latest between Hochstrasse and Unter Fettenhennen. Peter von Brachel also printed newspapers between 1603 and 1650 and lived in "Haus Spiegelberg" ("Unter gülden Wagen") from 1608 at the latest. From 1816 onwards, Marcus DuMont-Schauberg's bookstore was located in “Unter gülden Wagen” No. 133, Johann Peter Bachem owned a lending library with 5,663 volumes in No. 81 from 1822. In 1785 the city administration introduced a road allowance. With this additional income, the stone paths should be put in a better condition.

On September 13, 1804, Napoleon Bonaparte ceremoniously entered the Eigelsteintorburg on his state visit with the ringing of bells and the thunder of cannons , in order to reach Neumarkt from the Eigelstein via Marzellenstrasse, Hohe Strasse and Schildergasse. The prerequisites for the current name of Hohe Straße were not laid until the French era , when all Cologne streets were only allowed to bear the French names of Itinéraire de Cologne from January 1, 1813 . For this Ferdinand Franz Wallraf received the order of the French administration in 1812 to propose objective, new names for the Cologne streets. If possible, Wallraf should examine the historical background or the form of the Old High German, Middle High German and Old Cologne connections and traditions and find their expression in the renaming. Since then it has been called rue haute ('Hohe Straße' or 'Hochstraße') throughout . This was due to the fact that the Hochstrasse rose between 10 and 15 meters above the mean water level of the Rhine and therefore got its name from the higher location above the city level. On September 28, 1816, a Prussian edict abolished the French street names, the rue haute was now uniformly named "Hohe Straße". Its subsectors (towards the cathedral from Hohe Pforte) "Unter Pfannenschläger", "Before the Augustinians", "Unter Spormacher", "An der gülder wagen" and "An der Höhe Schmiede" were lost. The house "Zur golden Waage" (No. 133) still existed in 1820, when a notary deed dated August 9, 1820 mentioned a creditors' meeting in the mortgage-burdened house with the Sal. Oppenheim bank and its heavily indebted co-partner Philipp Gompertz.

On September 15, 1833, the last lord of the patrician family Eberhard Anton Caspar von Beyweg died in his house at Unter Spormacher 4567 (Hohe Straße 113). The patrician Johann Birklin had lived at this address 500 years earlier. On May 15, 1835, the gunsmith Franz Kettner settled in No. 109 as an outfitter for hunting equipment, the business closed on September 30, 2009. Joseph Feinhals opened on September 15, 1861 initially in No. 6 ("Unter Pfannenschläger") exclusive shop for tobacco and smoking supplies, the first German shop of its kind with over 1000 varieties. After the old building was demolished in 1889, the move to the magnificent new building built by Kayser & von Groszheim on the corner of Hohe Straße 63 / corner Schildergasse took place on June 28, 1890 . Here Josef Feinhals advanced to become one of the first German dealers who brought Havana cigars onto the market. Its shop windows were one of the city's artistic attractions.

Commercial buildings

In place of smaller town houses, elaborate commercial buildings were built from 1863, for example the "Königin-Augusta-Halle" (also called "Hohe Straße-Passage"; planned from 1845) on the corner property at Hohe Straße 111a – 115 / Brückenstraße 2–4, the first big city Commercial building, built by city architect Johann Peter Weyer , opened on December 15, 1863 and financed primarily by A. Schaaffhausen'schen Bankverein . The shopping arcade with 55 shops and a coffee house in the middle had a glazed gable roof, two arcade arms each connected Hohe Straße and Brückenstraße at an angle of about 90 degrees. It consisted of individual houses separated by firewalls, which had their shop on the ground floor. From there, a spiral staircase led to the cellar and a small storage room. Above the shops there was a mezzanine floor (“ Entresol ”), the other floors were used as apartments. After Sillem's Bazaar in Hamburg, it was the second major shopping mall in Germany and got its name from Queen Augusta , who paid a visit to the Rheinische Musikschule on November 18, 1867 . The "Königin-Augusta-Halle" was the largest shopping mall in Cologne. The pewter crockery producer and dealer Engelbert Kayser ( Kayserzinn ) had his youngest brother Heinrich Kayser and Karl von Großheim built a commercial building on the corner property at Hohe Straße 85-87 / Brückenstraße (“An den vier Winden”) from 1884–1886; Engelbert Kayser lived in the upper part of the building. "An den 4 (sic.) Winden" was the name of today's intersection of Hohe Straße with Brückenstraße and Obenmarspforten among the citizens. On September 22, 1894, the Michel & Cie. Manufactory, white and fashion goods store opened in Hohe Straße 40.

On April 7, 1891, Leonhard Tietz opened a shop with 180 m² of sales area, which closed again on April 15, 1891 after customers had bought everything empty. In October 1895 Tietz moved to the house at 45 Hohe Straße. The opening of the new Tietz passage between High Street and at St. Agatha on December 6, 1902 set another architectural milestone but in 1912 for the large, 90-meter-deep warehouse building new dikes with large atrium after a design by Wilhelm Kreis again was canceled, which comprised the properties at Hohe Strasse 43–53 / Gürzenichstrasse 2 / An St. Agatha 36. He also had to give way to Gustav Cord's silk house built by Kayser and von Großheim on the property at Hohe Straße 51 in 1874. On July 11, 1925, the first escalator was put into operation in the Tietz department store . The Leonhard Tietz AG was renamed in the course of the Aryanization by the National Socialists in Westdeutsche Kaufhof AG, under the name "Galeria Kaufhof" the house is known today.

There was another passage with the inauguration of the Stollwerck House planned by Carl Moritz on April 27, 1907 at No. 160–168 as a replacement for the old building here. There were 17 shops on the first floor. The reinforced concrete structure that exists today received a post-modern reconstructed second post-war facade. The Stollwerck-Passage is the only remaining shopping arcade of the noble pre-war buildings. Heinrich Müller-Erkelenz built the Diel office building in 1910 at no. 121, while the house with the Café Palant was built in 1912 according to a design by Philipp Fritz and Robert Perthel at no. 117–119. In 1912 Josef Feinhals had Bruno Paul design the interior of his office in Hohe Straße 59-61. After the demolition of the old building, the Michel & Co. textile department store opened on September 24, 1913 with the purchase of neighboring buildings on the property at Hohe Straße 46-50 / Gürzenichstraße 4 with a sales area of ​​5,000 m², which was renamed Jacobi in 1939.

Churches and monasteries on the street

Cologne Minoritenkirche, corner of Minoritenstrasse and Richartzstrasse

The parish of the former parish church of St. Kolumba was one of the largest in Cologne. It included the area of ​​Kolumba-, Herzog-, Brücken-, Breite- , Hohe Straße and the Glockengasse . St. Kolumba was one of the oldest old town parish churches in Cologne.

A number of religious houses and churches once existed along Hohe Straße, of which parts of buildings and often only street names remain today in some cases. They were mostly in the French period rededicated during the occupation of Cologne by revolutionary forces from the year 1794 to save or stables, fell and were finally Napoleon's decree secularization finally dissolved. Sometimes it was demolished, as was the case with the Stephanus chapel / church (1009 to 1834) described above.

In 1802 the monastery of the Augustinian Hermits on Augustinerplatz was liquidated. In the monastery “St. Agatha ”, which was located at the back of today's Kaufhof on Hohe Straße, was the home of Augustinians and Benedictines. A street called “St. Agatha ”still exists today in the same place.

The Friars Minor of the Franciscan or Minorite Order had their convent on the property of today's hotel "Königshof". Like this order, the order “St. Maria in Bethlehem, "a located on the law school located Direction Klarissenkonvent . The Cistercian Sisters of the Order of St. Nicholas, their religious house stood between Große Sandkaul and Hohe Straße, had to give up in 1802 like all non-nursing orders.

Theaters and cinemas

There were two important Cologne theaters on Hohe Strasse. The address book in No. 38 had already listed the Burghof as a restaurant since 1900, where concerts of all kinds were also held. Since 1909 there was the Simplicissimus or Simpl-Palast in No. 152-154 by Fritz Nördlinger, who also directed Greater Cologne . The first cinema on Hohe Straße No. 9 was the Kosmos-Lichtspiele, opened in 1906 and equipped with 839 seats. This was followed by Tonbild-Theater (No. 78, opened in June 1907, closed in 1908), Bismarck-Theater (No. 23-25, opened as Union Theater in 1908, renamed in 1911), Lux am Dom (No. 131, opened on September 27, 1909, 350 seats, closed in 1986), Cinema-Palais (No. 3, opened in 1909), Germania-Lichtspiele (No. 90, opened in 1909, from 1925 Kammer-Lichtspiele, 370 seats), Kino für Jedermann ( No. 132, from 1927 Passage Theater, reopening on May 7, 1954, 694 seats) and the Filmpalast (No. 11–13, opened 1912, 500 seats). In 1930 there were twelve venues in Schildergasse and Hohe Strasse.

carnival

The first carnival parade already had a permanent route through the city on Shrove Tuesday, where passengers and spectators threw peas and small plaster dragees at each other. It led from the Alter Markt to the Heumarkt , via Malzbüchel, Malzmühle, Mühlenbach, Hohe Pforte, Hohe Strasse, Obenmarspforten, Marsplatz and back to the Alter Markt. In 1832, the district president of Cologne complained that on the three days of carnival, especially “on the four winds”, it was customary to address and tease passers-by. That is why the police and the military were posted here to emphasize the prohibition of standing at the "four winds". This was the center of the lively street carnival for a long time.

course

While the streets parallel to the Cardo maximus also run in a north-south direction, the cross streets of Hohe Straße are not laid out at right angles. They deviate by 2 ° 40 '41' 'to the northeast from the exact east direction. For this reason, turning from Glockengasse into narrow Hohe Strasse with the difficult-to-steer four-in-hand carriages used to be considered a postilion feat. On Hohe Straße there are the crossings Stephanstraße / Sternengasse , Pipinstraße, Gürzenichstraße, Schildergasse / In der Höhle, Brückenstraße / Obenmarspforten, Salomonsgasse, Minoritenstraße / Große Budengasse and An der Rechtschule / Am Hof.

Modern times

Hohe Strasse with cathedral spiers in 1956

Numerous air raids in World War II , especially on 30./31. May 1942 and March 2, 1945 turned the Hohe Straße into a field of rubble, so that with a few exceptions total damage to buildings occurred. Until around 90% of the building fabric was destroyed in World War II, the floor plan of Cologne city center was still medieval. The narrow width of Hohe Straße of only eight meters and the mostly small plots made the street unique. Narrow, mostly four-story houses lined up against mighty corner buildings in the style of historicism . In contrast to other war-torn cities, Cologne retained this layout during its reconstruction. Between Schildergasse and Dom there were mostly ruins that could no longer be repaired. The only baroque house at no. 111, the residential and commercial building "on the four winds" (no. 85-87) and largely the Tietz department store have been preserved. Today only parts of the Tietz department store - where the Kaufhof is located - date from the post-war period. The reconstruction of Hohe Straße from 1948 onwards resulted in modern, functional buildings. The shoe store "Peter Voossen", the first shop opened after the war in 1947 at No. 139, has survived the otherwise constant fluctuation of names, companies and industries as one of the few shops from the post-war period to this day. Between 1948 and 1980, the jazz producer Gigi Campi ran an ice cream parlor called “Campi's Ice Cream Parlor”, which he was able to turn into a meeting place for international celebrities - among other things through the selection of jazz music played there. It developed into a focal point for Cologne's cultural scene.

The Christmas lights first came on in December 1948. During a protest event of the “Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Hohe Strasse” on October 24, 1950, concerns were expressed that Hohe Strasse was in danger of losing its international character as a shopping street and that it could be transformed into an “oriental flea market”. In 1954, the Adolf Frank department store opened at No. 68–74 / corner In der Höhle , and in 1955 the Merkur department store ( Horten AG ) moved in with its distinctive and listed aluminum-glass grid facade built by Egon Eiermann in 1963 . It remained until it was taken over by Kaufhof Warenhaus AG in December 1994.

In 1948, Hohe Strasse was one of the first shopping streets in Germany to be closed to car traffic. Initially, delivery vehicles were only allowed between 5 and 10 a.m. when the pedestrian zone opened on September 29, 1967, this option was also omitted. The inauguration as a pedestrian zone took place by Mayor Theo Burauen . On October 5, 1974, the first McDonald’s restaurant in Cologne opened in No. 84 (at the same time also on Barbarossaplatz ).

Meaning and location

View of the course of the Hohe Strasse

The 683 meter long Hohe Straße developed into one of the most famous and liveliest shopping streets in the world. It connects the tourist area around the cathedral and the main train station with Schildergasse. The High Street is on the light rail Cologne by the nearby bus stops underground station Dom / Hauptbahnhof , subway station Neumarkt , appellhofplatz 2012 and since December underground station Rathaus served.

Because of the high rents, high-turnover shops, often on a franchise basis, have settled and specialty shops have largely displaced. In addition to department stores and department stores of various sizes, there are shoe and clothing stores, opticians, perfumeries, fast food stores, sporting goods and multimedia stores, as well as bookstores and jewelers on Hohe Straße. Souvenir shops line up with exclusive fashion boutiques, the usual clothing chain stores and “ no-name shops”. There are also banks, hotels and amusement arcades. Because of the narrow street width of only eight meters and the constant stream of people streaming in both directions, there is only outdoor dining in the side streets.

Many new buildings and extensive facade redesigns have improved the architectural quality considerably in recent years. At over 40,000 m², the area share of department stores is even larger than in Schildergasse, because 47% of the total available 85,000 m² of retail space are in this retail category. Like Schildergasse, Hohe Straße also offers a good range of large spaces. Almost 30% of the total of 90 shops offer more than 500 m² of retail space. All in all, the real estate here is more fragmented than on Schildergasse.

Literature / sources

  • Adam Wrede : New Cologne vocabulary. 3 volumes, 9th edition. Greven, Cologne 1984, ISBN 3-7743-0155-7 .
  • Peter Glasner: The legibility of the city. Cultural history and lexicon of medieval street names in Cologne. 2 volumes. DuMont, Cologne 2002.
  • Wolfgang Herborn: Social topography of the Cologne parish St. Kolumba in the late 13th century. In: Two millennia of Cologne's economy. Cologne 1995.
  • Hermann Keussen : Topography of the city of Cologne in the Middle Ages. 2 volumes. Cologne 1910. (Reprint: Droste-Verlag, Düsseldorf 1986, ISBN 3-7700-7560-9 and ISBN 3-7700-7561-7 )
  • Joseph Greving: Housing and ownership conditions of the individual population classes in the Cologne parish of St. Kolumba from the 13th to the 16th century. In: AHVN . 78, 1904.
  • Eduard Hegel: St. Kolumba in Cologne. A medieval city parish in its growth and decline. Verlag Franz Schmitt, Siegburg 1996, ISBN 3-87710-177-1 .
  • Rudolf Pörtner : With the elevator to Roman times. Econ-Verlag, Munich 1959. (Reprint: Gondrom, Bindlach 1993, ISBN 3-8112-1060-2 )
  • The Chronicle of Cologne. Chronik Verlag, Dortmund 1991, ISBN 3-611-00193-7 .
  • Werner Eck: Cologne in Roman times. Greven Verlag, Cologne 2004.
  • Klaus Grewe: Roman drinking water supply using the special example of the city of Cologne. In: Practice History. Issue 4/1989.
  • Heinz Heineberg : Urban Geography / Geographical Urban Research. (= General Geography floor plan. Part X). Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh, Paderborn 1989, p. 63.
  • Monika Grübel: Jews in Cologne . Ed .: Synagogue Community Cologne. City of Cologne, Cologne 2000, ISBN 3-927396-78-8 , p. 321 ( sgk.de [accessed on June 23, 2007]).
  • Werner Jung: Modern Cologne . JP Bachem, Cologne 2004, ISBN 3-7616-1590-6 .

Web links

Commons : Hohe Straße  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ https://www.engelvoelkers.com/de-de/commercial/doc/Ranking_Mai%202019_Samstag.pdf
  2. ^ Paul Wietzorek: The historical Cologne. 2006, p. 244.
  3. ↑ this is located in one of the suites of the hotel The Qvest Hideaway at the Gereonskloster
  4. ^ Ludwig Röhrscheid: Annals of the Historical Association for the Lower Rhine. Volumes 192-194, 1990, p. 23.
  5. ^ Hermann M. Wollschläger: Hanseatic City of Cologne: The history of a European trading metropolis. 1988, p. 77.
  6. ↑ From 1442-1798 the pastor of were parish St. Kolumba, the newly founded university was in their catchment area, going through with a canonry for professorship at the theological faculty provided the university. In return, they had to attend lectures
  7. ↑ Among the university faculties for theology , law and medicine that were customary in the Middle Ages, the arts faculty was the lowest in rank, but measured in terms of the number of graduates it was the largest and therefore the most important for the university's existence. The students , who usually enrolled at the age of 16 or 17 , had to complete it first, which took about three to four years, depending on their previous education. Only then could they move up to one of the higher faculties (cf. Erich Meuthen: Die Alte Universität Köln. Köln / Wien 1988, 16, 20 f., 113–116.)
  8. ↑ Andrea Korte-Böger, Gisela Hellenkemper-Salies: A Siegburg pottery workshop of the Knütgen family. 1991, p. 104.
  9. ^ Johann Jakob Merlo: Art and Artists in Cologne. 1852, p. 44 ( limited preview in Google Book search)
  10. ^ Heinrich von Loesch: The Cologne guild documents together with other Cologne trade documents up to the year 1500. Volume 2, 1907, p. 415.
  11. ↑ Hieronimus Marc: Historical sources in DaF lessons. 2012, p. 157 ( limited preview in Google Book search)
  12. ↑ Jürgen Eichhoff, Wilfried Seibicke, Michael Wolffsohn: Name and Society. Social and historical aspects of naming and name development. 2001, p. 290 f.
  13. ^ Journal of the Rheinischer Verein für Denkmalpflege und Heimatschutz, Volumes 8-10, 1914, p. 83.
  14. ↑ Wolfgang Herborn 2 volumes, here H. Kellebenz, B. I pp. 205–215.
  15. ^ Wolfgang Herborn: Social topography. 1982, p. 213 f.
  16. ↑ Rochus Freiherr von Liliencron, Franz Xaver von Wegele, Anton Bettelheim: General German Biography. 1877, p. 572.
  17. ^ Fabriken- und Manufacturen-Adreß-Lexicon von Teutschland. 1798, p. 52.
  18. ↑ Chronik-Verlag, Die Chronik Kölns , 1991, p. 212.
  19. ^ Adam Wrede: New Cologne vocabulary. Volume III, 1984, p. 5.
  20. ↑ Jutta Bohnke-Kollwitz: Cologne and Rhenish Judaism. 1984, p. 131.
  21. ^ Commissions-Verlag at A. Bagel, Die Rheinlande , Volume 11, 1911, p. 396.
  22. ↑ Peter Fuchs (ed.): Chronicle of the history of the city of Cologne. Volume 2, p. 148.
  23. ↑ Peter Fuchs, Volume 2, 1991, p. 201.
  24. ↑ Werner Jung: The modern Cologne. 2004, p. 233.
  25. ^ Abbey and monasteries in Cologne. (doc) Bibliography (rkb-lit-koeln.doc). (No longer available online.) In: www.klosterbuch.uni-bonn.de. Manfred Groten, Georg Mölich, Gisela Muschiol, Joachim Oepen, p. 38 , formerly in the original ; Retrieved September 18, 2014 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.landesgeschichte.uni-bonn.de  
  26. ↑ Jürgen Müller: Willkommen - Bienvenue - Welcome. Political revue, cabaret, vaudeville in Cologne 1928–1938. 2008, p. 305.
  27. ↑ Cologne Museums Bulletin, 2008, p. 70.
  28. ↑ Joseph Klersch: The Cologne Carnival from its beginnings to the present. 1961, p. 55.
  29. ↑ Christina Frohn: The organized fool. 2000, p. 142.
  30. ^ Hasso von Wedel: Heinrich von Wittgenstein. 1981, p. 33.
  31. ↑ Christina Frohn 2000, p. 37.
  32. ↑ Willy Weyres: The pre-Gothic episcopal churches in Cologne. 1987, p. 13.
  33. ↑ but moved to castle wall 14
  34. ↑ Robert von Zahn (Ed.): Campiana: A piece before the beat. 1999, p. 28.
  35. ↑ Peter Fuchs (ed.): Chronicle of the history of the city of Cologne. Volume 2, 1991, p. 282.
  36. ^ Jürgen Wilhelm: The great Cologne Lexicon. 2008, p. 212.
  37. ↑ Peter Fuchs (ed.): Chronicle of the history of the city of Cologne. Volume 2, 1991, p. 304.
  38. ^ Adolf Klein: Cologne in the 19th century. From the imperial city to the big city. 1992, p. 303.
  39. ↑ Cologne's prime locations are in great demand , Der Handel, the business magazine for retail companies of September 16, 2008, accessed on July 17, 2014.

Coordinates: 50 ° 56 ′ 17.7 "  N , 6 ° 57 ′ 23"  E