Kleudelburg

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Kleudelburg (painting by Johann Georg Stockmar, 18th century)

The Kleudelburg was a hunting lodge of the Landgraves of Hessen-Darmstadt north of Dodenau , a current district of Battenberg (Eder) in the Waldeck-Frankenberg district in Hesse . In its place is a forester's house built in 1884 with outbuildings.

location

The Kleudelburg was located at an altitude of 438 m in the Dodenau Forest on the southeastern slope of the Kleudelberg about 5 km northwest of Battenberg, between the Kuhwiesenberg (536 m) in the northwest and the Lindenhardt (469 m) in the southeast. Today's forester's house can be seen from the upper town of Battenberg. The Kleudelburg was and still is surrounded on three sides by forest, only to the southeast does the view of Battenberg and the valley of the Eder open .

history

Construction and use

The extensive forest areas of the Hessian hinterland near Battenberg, which fell to the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt in 1627, were known for their abundance of game . At the turn of the 18th century, during the reign of Landgrave Ernst Ludwig (1667–1739), the heyday of court hunting began in Hessen-Darmstadt, imitating the luxurious lifestyle of the French royal court and high nobility . Ernst Ludwig's great passion for hunting was expressed in the complex of many new hunting castles.

Around 1703, the Jagdhof Neu-Jägersdorf, today's Kröge , was built in the Battenberg Forest, whose deer were considered the best in Upper Hesse at the time , about 1.5 km north of Battenberg on the north bank of the Eder . In the years 1721/22, the associated hunting district received its showpiece with the construction of the Kleudelburg hunting lodge, about 3 km further north-west, by the construction director Colonel Helfrich Müller (1686–1759) from Gießen , who was responsible for many hunting lodges. The building fabric in Neu-Jägershof was also used: in July 1722 a stall that had been demolished there was brought to Kleudelburg and rebuilt there.

Kleudelburg was conceived according to the style of the Maison de plaisance , developed in France from the 17th century , with its location in the open air, the dissolution of the closed structure and the strict separation of the residential buildings from those of the economic area. The French mansard hipped roof and the avoidance of visible half-timbering were just as typical . Similar to the Wolfsgarten Castle or the Mönchbruch hunting lodge , the facility was used for the par force hunt introduced by the landgrave of France in 1709 , which required hunting facilities suitable for riders and fast rides, with the most flat terrain possible and many aisles starting from the castle .

The complex, which was expanded over the course of several years until 1732, consisted of a number of residential buildings, stables , sheds and various outbuildings. The main building was the castle itself, with a main floor on the basement and an attic in the hipped mansard roof. In addition, there were several cavalier houses , a hunting arsenal , two stables , as well as a kitchen , wash house , slaughterhouse , sutler's house , venison house , guard house, coal shed, dog kennel house, etc. There was a horse trough in the valley below the Kleudelburg.

Was the Kleudelburg about 4 to 5 kilometers west to northwest preceded by a chain formerly fortified protected and hunting farms that already Landgraf Philip the Magnanimous on the last mountain range Rothaar on Hessian territory along the border with Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg had been built . These include today's farms in Burbach, Rudolfsgraben, Burghelle, Binsenbach and Fallgrube, as well as the old Ohelle customs house.

Landgraves Ernst Ludwig and Ludwig VIII came to Kleudelburg every few years to hunt red deer in particular: Ernst Ludwig came in October 1730 and October 1734, Ludwig VIII in 1742 and 1747. Partly still preserved Hunting stones are reminiscent of capital deer hunted by the sovereigns, and particularly magnificent antlers hang today in the Kranichstein hunting lodge in Darmstadt ; a loan from there is in the Hinterland Museum in Biedenkopf .

The End

Landgrave Ludwig IX. had no interest in hunting. He was also aware that courtly hunting was associated with considerable costs and that parforce hunting in particular caused considerable damage to agriculture. Therefore, almost immediately after taking office in 1768, especially in view of the disrupted state finances, he abolished the par force hunt and initiated the sale of most of the hunting locks. Among other things, he ordered on October 7, 1769 that the now quite dilapidated Kleudelburg be released for sale on demolition. The furniture was either to be brought to Darmstadt or to be sold. The wallpaper, the inner window curtains, the copper kitchen utensils and the English wall clock were to be delivered in Gießen to the local rent chamber responsible for Upper Hesse . The stoves were sold.

A number of the buildings were auctioned from 1770, carefully dismantled and rebuilt in other locations. Several houses, including two stables, the "house with the two wings that was auctioned for 430 guilders, in which the princely livery servants once lodged" and the dog kennel house was bought by the city governor Stapp from Biedenkopf and from Auhammer, founded by him and the councilor Klingelhöfer in 1773 , a new iron hammer mill in the Eder floodplain near Battenberg; one of these buildings is still there today.

The hunting arsenal was bought by the Count von Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg and built as a stables in Berleburg . The cavalier house (also page apartment) was bought by the riding forester Hartmann, who made it his home. The kitchen building was built as a residential building in Dodenau. The servant's house and several houses were bought by Jacob Seipp from Battenberg, the buyer of the Kröge , and used on the Kröge.

According to tradition, Landgrave Ludwig VIII gave the main building of Kleudelburg to the chief mining inspector Ludwig Balthasar Müller († 1746) in Thalitter, who was responsible for copper mining in the Ittertal , and who had it rebuilt in the local Meierhof as the “Big House” . This reported e.g. BCF Günther in his work Pictures from Hessian Prehistoric Times , published in 1853 , however, the history association Itter-Hessenstein says that the Great House was not moved from Kleudelburg to Ittertal, but according to dendrochronological investigations as early as 1679 with wood from that time and in Thalitter for Georg III. was built by Hessen-Darmstadt zu Itter. In fact, the style of the Great House does not fit in with the Kleudelburg ensemble of buildings built from 1721, and the purchase letter from 1718 clearly shows that it was already in Thalitter at that time. When Landgrave Ernst Ludwig visited the mine in Thalitter in 1719, he lived in this house. It is possible, but not very likely, given its size, that the house was there before the expansion of Kleudelburg into a large hunting farm, which began in 1721, but was then transferred to Thalitter and given a more financially lucrative purpose due to the economically important development in Ittertal.

Current condition

The last buildings, unless they had already fallen into disrepair, were sold for demolition in 1779. In the middle of the 19th century, on the site of the former hunting lodge, there was a farm with a one-story wooden house, a barn with stables, a well and a bakery.

Today only the fountain and, under the barn, which was renovated in 2004, a game cellar with barrel vault remain from the original system .

The present forester's house was built in 1884.

The approximately 12 km long “Lindenhardt” hiking trail in Dodenau (marked: yellow “L” on a blue mirror; walking time approx. 3 hours), inaugurated in 2009, leads from the Dodenau game reserve up to the Kleudelburg, then past a deer stone down into the Edertal and back again on the ridge of Dodenau.

Coordinates: 51 ° 2 ′ 37 ″  N , 8 ° 35 ′ 23 ″  E

literature

Web links

Commons : Another view of the Kleudelburg  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Notes and individual references

  1. ↑ Today's view of the Battenberg upper town
  2. ↑ The expenses for this and for the hunt itself were so burdensome that the landgrave was forced by his officials and theologians to give up the par force hunt in 1718.
  3. ^ Günther: Pictures from the Hessian Prehistory , p. 213.
  4. ↑ Günther: Pictures from the Hessian Prehistory , p. 214.
  5. ↑ The hammer works Auhammer was founded in 1773 by the salt inspector and councilor Friedrich Christian Klingelhöfer and the postman, innkeeper and city governor Philipp Andreas Stapp, both from Biedenkopf.
  6. ↑ a b website community Dautphetal - castles and hunting castles Kleudelburg ( Memento from May 12, 2005 in the Internet Archive ). Retrieved February 8, 2016.
  7. ↑ CF Günther: Pictures from the Hessian prehistory. Jonghaus, Darmstadt, 1853, pp. 212–215
  8. ↑ About the background of copper mining in Ittertal ... , at HNA.de, September 17, 2010
  9. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from March 1, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wandermagazin.de