Wolkersdorf hunting lodge

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Wolkersdorf Castle, 1625

Coordinates: 51 ° 1 ′ 9 ″  N , 8 ° 48 ′ 23 ″  E

Map: Hessen
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Wolkersdorf hunting lodge​
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Hesse

The hunting lodge Wolkersdorf was built from 1480 to 1484 and 1812/13 torn hunting lodge of Landgrave of Hesse and of Hesse-Kassel in Bottendorf , in the municipality of Burgwald in Waldeck-Frankenberg in northern Hesse . Today only small remains of the wall and the Wolkersdorfer ponds are reminiscent of the former palace complex.

The castle acquired a certain historical importance after the bigamistic second marriage of Landgrave Philip I of Hesse , who concluded his bigamy in March 1540 , who wanted to keep his bigamy a secret by hiding his second wife Margarethe von der Saale for two years in Wolkersdorf.

Geographical location

The castle was located in the extreme south of Bottendorf, at 308  m above sea level. NN Höhe, between today's Wolkershäuser Straße ( B 252 Frankenberg - Marburg ) in the west and the Nemphe stream in the east. Immediately to the south of the former palace complex there are several ponds from the time the palace was built .

history

Predecessor castle

The castle was built on the site and partly on the basis of a moated castle built by the noble lords of Helfenberg around the middle of the 13th century . The castle Wolkersdorf came by purchase in 1389 in half and 1,414 in its entirety to the Landgrave of Hesse , and was subsequently first of the noble houses around pledged until the in Marburg reigning Landgrave Henry III. , "The rich", redeemed from Upper Hesse in 1479.

Construction and use

Landgrave Heinrich had the castle largely demolished and he and his son and successor Wilhelm III. had a water and hunting lodge built in its place in the years 1480–1484. Only the tower remained and was converted into a stair tower . The architect of the new building was the landgrave master builder Hans Jakob von Ettlingen . A fortified castle was built according to the basic scheme of Hessenstein Castle : a core castle with two parallel, three-storey residential buildings flanking a walled courtyard with an attic, whose outer walls in the basement partly consisted of the old curtain wall and, following its course, were therefore curved. The western of the two residential buildings had an octagonal spiral stair tower in the middle on the courtyard side. The condensed and converted into a stair tower former keep connected the two residential buildings at the south end. Access to the inner courtyard was through a gate on the south and north sides. This complex was surrounded by a wall with round towers at three of the four corners, the gate to the farm yard at the fourth, northwest corner, secured by a double tower on the drawbridge , and a moat running in front of the wall. Immediately south of the castle, the Nemphe was dammed into a large pond, which fed the moat and u. a. for the supply of fresh fish and for keeping ducks and geese. The slope from the dam of the pond into the moat was used to operate the mill wheel of the castle mill on the southeast edge of the facility.

The castle was mainly used to exercise the sovereign prerogative of the " high hunt " in the castle forest , which the landgraves had owned since 1464, and was frequently visited by the landgraves of Hesse and from 1567 by Hesse-Kassel . The so-called “Herrenweg” through the middle of the castle forest connected the Wolkersdorf hunting lodge with the “Herrschafts-Jachthaus”, first mentioned in 1450, or the Bracht hunting lodge, which was built or rebuilt between 1721 and 1744 at the same location . Since Frankenberg was still badly damaged by the great fire of May 9, 1476 , the seat of the Frankenberg district was moved to Wolkersdorf Castle around 1485. This created the Wolkersdorf office , to which the Geismar and Röddenau courts (with the Rengershausen and Bromskirchen sub-courts ) belonged. It was not until 1556 that an independent office was created again in Frankenberg, housed in the former St. Georgenberg monastery, which, in addition to the city itself, combined the former monastery, the Rodenbach farm and the Wiesenfeld winery and which was combined with the Wolkersdorf office in 1604.

The land belonging to the castle or now the castle was combined into a landgrave's domain and a large farmyard was set up immediately to the north of the castle and expanded until the 17th century. Numerous commercial and residential buildings were grouped around a spacious courtyard: barns, stables (separate for cows, calves, oxen, horses, sheep, pigs, sows, chickens), blacksmiths, carpenters, bakery, brewery, mill, slaughterhouse, dog kennel, hunter's house , Office and office etc. A new stables with cavalry rooms on the upper floor and access from there to the stair tower was laid out along the entire south-facing wall of the castle. Polish seasonal workers were recruited as early as 1483 to meet the manpower requirements of the domain . In the course of time, these and German farm workers who were employed on the estate settled in and around Wolkersdorf and Bottendorf. The domain was leased from the late 17th century and finally dissolved in 1912.

Margarethe von der Saale

The castle acquired an at least temporary historical significance when Landgrave Philip I hid her for two years in Wolkersdorf after his bigamistic second marriage with 18-year-old Margarethe von der Saale, which he concluded in March 1540. There she gave birth to their first son Philipp in 1541.

In 1618, Landgrave Moritz had a building in the middle of the farmyard demolished, the hunter's house repaired, some barns moved and the castle expanded. The larger house on the west side now had seven small polygonal oriel turrets with pointed helmets and a roof turret used as a bell tower , and the stair tower received a pointed conical roof with four corner turrets.

In the final phase of the Thirty Years' War and especially in the so-called Hessian War , the castle was conquered several times between 1641 and 1648 by troops of the warring Hessian Landgraviates, Hessen-Darmstadt and Hessen-Kassel , and their allies. The last change of ownership obviously took place in connection with the battle on the Totenhöhe northwest of Frankenberg on November 20, 1646 , which the Hessen-Kassel and Swedes won and drove the Darmstadt garrison from Wolkersdorf. The property was partially destroyed in the process. When the war ended, the palace complex was largely devastated, but it was repaired again.

In 1750/51, the landgrave's chief builder Johann Friedrich Jussow (1701–1779) made detailed architectural drawings of the castle, obviously in view of a possible new construction or renovation that was envisaged, for which architectural drawings were available but did not materialize.

cancellation

The end of the castle was approaching when the Electorate of Hesse in 1807 by Napoleon resolved and that from him for his youngest brother Jerome created Kingdom of Westphalia was incorporated. Jérôme, derided by the citizens of his capital Kassel as "King Lustik" because of his dissolute lifestyle, was almost permanently on the lookout for new sources of income and in 1811 sold both the inventory and the castle itself. The castle buildings were designed by the Bottendorf carpenter Conrad Nolte in 1812/13 demolished and the construction material recovered was reused elsewhere.

Most of the buildings on the farm yard belonging to the domain were also demolished and only gradually replaced by new buildings after Prince Elector Wilhelm I , who had returned to Kassel in 1813, canceled the sale of the domain. The oldest buildings on the former domain courtyard are an elongated, two-storey, completely slated half-timbered house (No. 75/77), a large barn made of ashlar ashlar blocks that was probably built in the middle of the 19th century and standing at right angles to No. 77, probably from the demolished Castle originate, as well as the courtyard complex No. 81 in the southwest.

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Georg Landau: The Hessian knight castles and their owners, 3rd volume, Bohné, Kassel, 1836, p. 36
  2. ↑ Reinhard Gutbier: The landgrave's court architect Hans Jakob von Ettlingen. A study of the manorial defense and residential building of the late 15th century. 2 volumes. Darmstadt & Marburg, 1973; here volume 1, pp. 99-105.
  3. ↑ Ernst Wenzel: Disappeared castles. Wolkersdorf Castle in the Frankenberg district . In: Hessenland , 46th year, Marburg 1935, p. 151
  4. ↑ Floor plan of Wolkersdorf Palace, around 1750
  5. ^ Wolfgang Braun: Reconstruction drawings of German castles: Wolkersdorf Castle near Frankenberg / Hess. , Reconstruction drawing of the Wolkersdorf palace complex
  6. ↑ Ernst Wenzel: Disappeared castles. Wolkersdorf Castle in the Frankenberg district . In: Hessenland , 46th year, Marburg 1935, p. 151
  7. ↑ The basic structure of this farmyard is still visible today in Hof Wolkersdorf, even if the oldest parts of today's buildings date from the middle of the 19th century at the earliest ( Waldeck-Frankenberg - Burgwald - Bottendorf complex 5 - former domain Wolkersdorf, near DenkXweb ).
  8. ↑ Waldeck-Frankenberg - Burgwald - Bottendorf Entire Plant 5 - Former Domain Wolkersdorf, at DenkXweb
  9. ^ [1] Johann Just Winkelmann : Thorough and detailed description of the principalities of Hesse and Hersfeld. Herman Brauer, Bremen, 1711, p. 226
  10. ↑ Georg Landau: The Hessian knight castles and their owners, 3rd volume, Bohné, Kassel, 1836, p. 36
  11. ↑ In the drawing by Landgrave Moritz from 1616 the many oriel turrets are missing; but they can be clearly seen on later representations.
  12. ↑ Georg Landau: The Hessian knight castles and their owners, 3rd volume, Bohné, Kassel, 1836, p. 36
  13. ^ Entry on Wolkersdorf, missing hunting lodge in the private database "Alle Burgen". Retrieved January 17, 2018.
  14. ↑ Waldeck-Frankenberg - Burgwald - Bottendorf Entire Plant 5 - Former Domain Wolkersdorf, at DenkXweb
  15. ↑ Jussow, who built numerous village churches in Lower Hesse under Landgraves Wilhelm VIII and Friedrich II of Hesse-Kassel, among other things, was the father of the later head building director Heinrich Christoph Jussow (1754-1825).
  16. ↑ Floor plan of Wolkersdorf Palace, around 1750
  17. ↑ Overview of pictures Schloss Wolkersdorf .  In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  18. ↑ Waldeck-Frankenberg - Burgwald - Bottendorf Entire Plant 5 - Former Domain Wolkersdorf, at DenkXweb

Web links

literature

  • Georg Landau : The Hessian knight castles and their owners, 3rd volume, Bohné, Kassel 1836, pp. 29–37. ( Online 1 , Online 2 )
  • Ernst Wenzel: Disappeared castles. Wolkersdorf Castle in the Frankenberg district . In: Hessenland , journal for regional and folklore, history, art and literature of Hesse , 46th year, Marburg 1935, pp. 145–151
  • Erich Anhalt: The Frankenberg district. History of its courts, lordships and offices from prehistoric times to the 19th century. (= Marburg studies on older German history . Series 1: Works on the historical atlas of Hesse and Nassau , Volume 4), Elwert, Marburg 1928, p. 35 f.
  • Jakob Henseling: Wolkersdorf am Burgwald. From castle and village to the state domain. Summer stay of the Hessian Landgrave , in: Hessenland , local supplement of the Oberhessische Presse, 12th year, No. 14, July 26, 1965.