Wolkersdorf Castle

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Wolkersdorf Castle
Creation time : 1250 ( permanent house ), 1280 ( tower and moated castle )
Castle type : Niederungsburg
Conservation status: Burgstall, built over
Standing position : Lower nobility, temporarily Kurmainz , Landgrave of Hesse
Construction: stone
Place: Burgwald - Bottendorf
Geographical location 51 ° 1 '9.5 "  N , 8 ° 48' 23.4"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 1 '9.5 "  N , 8 ° 48' 23.4"  E
Height: 308  m above sea level NHN
Wolkersdorf Castle (Hesse)
Wolkersdorf Castle

The castle Wolkersdorf was a small moated castle in today Bottendorf , in the municipality of Burgwald in northern Hesse Waldeck-Frankenberg . On this basis, the Landgraves of Hesse built a fortified hunting lodge from 1480 , which was sold for demolition in 1811 by Jérôme Bonaparte , the then King of Westphalia , and completely demolished in 1813. Today only remnants of the wall and the “Wolkersdorfer Teiche” are reminiscent of the old castle and palace complex.

Geographical location

The castle was located in the extreme south of today's location of Bottendorf, between Wolkershäuser Straße ( B 252 Frankenberg - Marburg ) in the west and the Nemphe brook in the east, immediately north of the Wolkersdorfer ponds.

history

Built the castle was Rudolf II. Of Helfenberg , scion of one of the area of Wolf Hagen , with its headquarters on the small castle Gaster field , originating noble free sex, which was built up from about 1,240 after him in the first quarter of the 13th century west of Wolfshagen Burg Helfenberg called. In the first half of the 13th century Rudolf II moved to Frankenberg (Eder) , which Landgrave Konrad von Thuringia had founded in 1233/34, and where he presumably received a landgrave's castle loan. He acquired the small village of Wolkersdorf in the vicinity, among other property . There he had a permanent house built around 1250 , the appearance of which is no longer known. Around 1280, Johann von Helfenberg had the small tower castle reinforced with moats , a bridge and a gatehouse .

In 1310 Eckhard V. von Helfenberg († around 1326) gave Wolkersdorf Castle, which had previously been free property of the family, to Landgrave Otto I of Hesse as a fief . Probably under considerable pressure from Matthias von Buchegg , Archbishop of Mainz , who disputed the legacy of his half-brother Johann , who had died in 1311 , the partial Landgraviate of Niederhessen , as a failed Mainz fiefdom, and therefore led a long feud against the Landgrave Eckhard on August 4, 1324 the castle with the moat and the buildings within the moats to Heinrich von Saulheim (Sawelnheim) , a vassal of the archbishop, and allowed him to expand and improve the moats, the houses and the castle itself. At the same time, he sold half of the village of Wolkersdorf, the deserted areas of Netfe and Gramishain to the archbishop, together with all of his other properties outside the moats of the castle. If the archbishop wanted to build or build a town, Eckhard would, if necessary, give him some of his half in exchange for a replacement elsewhere. A little later Eckhard sold the castle to the archbishop because he needed money or was forced to do so. Landgrave Otto sued the archbishop's intriguing action first before a feudal court and then, after instructions from an arbitration court, before the court in Röddenau , in whose judicial district Wolkersdorf was. It is unclear whether a decision that was recognized by both sides was reached in Röddenau; It is clear, however, that Landgrave Otto was ultimately able to tie the castle back to himself.

In 1328 Eckhard's sons Rudolph IV. And Johann VI. because of lack of money half of the castle and its accessories to Friedrich von Bicken , provost of St. Mauritz Stift in Münster , who immediately assigned his new acquisition to the new Landgrave Heinrich II of Hesse as a fief. Landgrave Heinrich II took all three gentlemen involved in the sale as Hessian castle men under his protection. Provost Friedrich von Bicken died in 1340 and was inherited by his brothers Eckhard and Gerlach and Eckard's son Friedrich von Bicken; the latter became the sole heir after the death of the two brothers . He pledged his share in Wolkersdorf in 1387 to the brothers Siegfried and Volprecht von Biedenfeld and sold it shortly before his death in 1389 with the pledge to Landgrave Hermann II of Hesse . Then there was another serious dispute between Kurmainz and Hesse. Archbishop Adolf I refused to recognize the sale of the Landgrave and captured the castle in the year 1389. Negotiations between Hesse and Kurmainz under the new archbishop Konrad II. Of vineyard with a return of Wolkersdorf began Although already in 1392, but only 1,394 compared the archbishop with Landgrave Hermann II gave back Wolkersdorf and gave the castle back to the Lords of Biedenfeld, who had been tenants of the castle at the time of the conquest, in return for appropriate compensation.

The half that remained from Helfenberg in 1328 came after the deaths of Rudolph IV and Johann VI. to the two sons of the former, Eckhard VI. and Johann IX. Both died without descendants entitled to inheritance in 1388/89 and their property fell to their relative of the Wolfhager line, Rudolph V. von Helfenberg. However, due to the Electoral Mainz occupation of the castle, he was only able to enjoy his new possession from 1394.

Rudolph V von Helfenberg, the last of his line, then agreed with Landgrave Hermann II in 1409 that all of his remaining possessions, fiefdoms and allodies , should go to the Landgrave on his death . This case occurred in 1414 and Wolkersdorf was thus completely landgrave - but initially and until 1479 pledged to aristocratic houses in the area. Part of it came to the brothers Eckhard and Volpert von Dersch in 1408 for a pledge of 400 guilders ; Volpert's son Johann subsequently called himself "von Wolkersdorf". In 1418 the other part went to Johann Freseken von Neheim for 400 guilders ; this part came to Johann Hauck and his son in 1431 for 200 guilders. In 1451 Johann von Ditzighausen bought both parts for 500 guilders and thus became the sole owner of the castle. At his death in 1479 Wolkersdorf came through his daughter Anna to his son-in-law Johann von Rosdorf , from whom Landgrave Heinrich III, who ruled in Marburg . von Hessen , called "the rich", from Upper Hesse redeemed in the same year.

Demolition and construction of a new palace

View from before 1625: Wolckersdorff Castle in Heßen

Henry II had large parts of the castle demolished and, from 1480, replaced by the almost complete new construction of a fortified water and hunting castle - only the tower remained and was converted into a stair tower .

The architect of the new building was the landgrave master builder Hans Jakob von Ettlingen . The Wolkersdorf hunting lodge was intended mainly to exercise the sovereign prerogative of high hunting in the castle forest . A fortified castle was built based on the basic scheme of Hessenstein Castle , a core castle with two parallel four-story residential buildings flanking a walled courtyard. The stair tower connected the two residential buildings at their southern end. This central system was surrounded by a wall with round towers at three of the four corners, the gate secured by a double tower on the drawbridge at the fourth, northwest corner and a wide moat running in front of the wall.

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Also mentioned as Roolf and Rode.
  2. ↑ a b c d e State Office for Monument Preservation Hesse (ed.): Former domain Wolkersdorf In: DenkXweb, online edition of cultural monuments in Hesse
  3. ^ Georg Landau: The Hessian knight castles and their owners , 3rd volume, Bohné, Kassel 1836, p. 15
  4. ↑ Johann Just Winkelmann: Thorough and war-like description of the principalities of Hesse and Hersfeld , Herman Brauer, Bremen 1711, p. 225
  5. ↑ Nedeffe, Waldeck-Frankenberg. Historical local lexicon for Hesse (as of November 4, 2010). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on November 28, 2017 .
  6. ↑ Georg Landau: Historical-topographical description of the desolate places in the Electorate of Hesse ... ( Journal of the Association for Hessian History and Regional Studies , Seventh Supplement) Kassel 1858, p. 208
  7. ↑ Gramishain, Waldeck-Frankenberg district. Historical local lexicon for Hesse (as of June 25, 2010). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on November 28, 2017 .
  8. ^ Ernst Vogt: Regests of the Archbishops of Mainz from 1289-1396: Regest No. 2540 , Veit & Co., Leipzig 1913, p. 500; accessed on November 27, 2017
  9. ↑ a b c d [pointer = 3 & tx_ttnews [tt_news] = 560 & tx_ttnews [backPid] = 79 & cHash = 7034e0b58d83d76fd22b699a0a3adf84 Mainzer Burgenlexikon: Wolkersdorf ]
  10. ↑ Erich Anhalt: The Frankenberg district. History of his courts, lordships and offices from prehistoric times to the 19th century , Elwert, Marburg 1928, p. 36
  11. ↑ Ernst Vogt: Regests of the Archbishops of Mainz from 1289-1396 : Regest No. 2573 , Veit & Co., Leipzig 1913, pp. 506-507; accessed on November 27, 2017
  12. ↑ † June 11, 1340; studied in Bologna in 1305 , was pastor and dean in Kesterburg and from 1305 to 1340 provost of the St. Mauritz monastery in Münster.
  13. ^ Pastor of Kesterburg and from 1313 to 1363 Canon of Münster.
  14. ↑ Georg Landau: The Hessian knight castles and their owners, 3rd volume, Bohné, Kassel 1836, pp. 32–33
  15. ↑ Provost Friedrich's nephew, the knight Friedrich von Bicken is declared in 1340 as a nobleman and in 1361 as a castle man of Count Otto II von Waldeck . He was married to Grete von Padberg (1370-1403). With his death in 1389, the Wolkersdorf line of the von Bicken family, founded in 1328, already died out again.
  16. ^ According to Rommel, Friedrich von Bickens was sold to Landgrave Hermann as early as 1380; However, this is likely to be a misprint. (Compare with: Christoph von Rommel: Geschichte von Hessen, Third Part, second section , (fourth volume), Kassel 1830, p. 475 (additions to volume 2) )
  17. ↑ Georg Landau: The Hessian knight castles and their owners , third volume, Bohné, Kassel 1836, pp. 34–35
  18. ↑ 1380 proclaimed as bailiff zu Frankenberg ( Johann Adam Kopp: Brief historical message from the gentlemen to Itter .... , Müller, Marburg 1751, p. 253 ).
  19. ↑ August Heldmann: On the history of the court Viermünden and its families. III: The Dersch family. In: Journal of the Association for Hessian History and Regional Studies , New Series, Volume Twenty-Fourth (The Complete Series XXXIV. Volume), Kassel 1901, pp. 159-360, here 229
  20. ↑ Georg Landau: The Hessian knight castles and their owners, 3rd volume, Bohné, Kassel, 1836, p. 35
  21. ↑ Georg Landau: The Hessian knight castles and their owners, 3rd volume, Bohné, Kassel, 1836, p. 36
  22. ↑ Reinhard Gutbier: The landgrave's court architect Hans Jakob von Ettlingen. A study of the manorial defense and residential building of the late 15th century. 2 volumes, Darmstadt and Marburg 1973; here vol. 1, pp. 99-105.
  23. ^ Wolfgang Braun: Reconstruction drawings of German castles: Wolkersdorf Castle near Frankenberg / Hess. , Reconstruction drawing of the later palace complex; accessed on November 27, 2017

Web links

literature

  • Rudolf Knappe: Medieval castles in Hesse: 800 castles, castle ruins and castle sites. 3rd edition, Wartberg, Gudensberg-Gleichen 2000, ISBN 3-86134-228-6 . P. 153
  • Erich Anhalt: The Frankenberg district. History of its courts, lordships and offices from prehistoric times to the 19th century. (= Marburg studies on older German history . Series 1: Works on the historical atlas of Hesse and Nassau , Volume 4), Elwert, Marburg 1928, p. 35 f.
  • Georg Landau : The Hessian knight castles and their owners, 3rd volume, Bohné, Kassel 1836, pp. 29–37 ( Online 1 , Online 2 )
  • Wenzel: Disappeared castles. Wolkersdorf Castle in the Frankenberg district . In: Hessenland , magazine for Hessian history and literature , 46th year, Marburg 1935, pp. 145–151