Fragment of a stele of the vizier Neferrenpet
The vizier (Egyptian: tjati ) was the most important office at the ancient Egyptian court from the 4th Dynasty ( Old Kingdom ) to the 30th Dynasty ( Late Period ). The following list names all known titleholders, even from the time when this position was not so important. However, there are still some gaps in this list. For the fourth, fifth dynasties, the first intermediate period, the Middle Kingdom and the second intermediate period, only one reigning title holder can be assumed for ever. In the 6th dynasty there may have been several people in office at the same time. In the New Kingdom and in the late period there was a vizier each for Upper and Lower Egypt. The allocation of the official area of individual title holders is sometimes not certain.
List of viziers
Surname
Dating
Remarks
image
4th dynasty
Nefermaat
Sneferu
Mastaba in Meidum .
Anchhaf
Cheops
Son of Sneferu; Mastaba in Giza
Hemiunu
Cheops
Son of Nefermaat; Mastaba in Giza
Kawab
Chephren
Son of Cheops; Mastaba in Giza
Minchaef
Chephren
Son of Cheops; Mastaba in Giza
Nefermaat
Chephren
Grandson of Sneferu; Mastaba in Giza
Chufuchaef I.
Chephren - Mykerinos
Son of Cheops; Mastaba in Giza; perhaps identical to Pharaoh Chephren
Nikaure
Chephren - Mykerinos
perhaps a son of Chephren; Grave in Giza
Iunmin
Chephren - Mykerinos
perhaps a son of Chephren; Grave in Giza
Nebemachet
Chephren - Mykerinos
Son of Chephren; Owner of two graves in Giza
Ankhmare
Mykerinos
Son of Chephren; Grave in Giza
Duaenre
Mykerinos or later
Son of Chephren; Mastaba in Giza
Babaef
Mykerinos or later
probably a son of the Duaenre; Mastaba in Giza
Sechemkare
Mykerinos or later
Son of Chephren; Grave in Giza
5th dynasty
Seschathotep , Heti
Early 5th Dynasty (?)
Grave in Giza
Werbauba
Sahure
Depicted in the mortuary temple of Sahure.
Washing ptah; Izi
Neferirkare
Tomb in Saqqara; Neferirkare is mentioned in the biography in the grave.
Pehenuka
Neferirkare
Grave in Saqqara
Minnefer
Niuserre
Depicted in the mortuary temple of Niuserre; Sarcophagus in Leiden ; Grave unknown.
Sechemanchptah
Niuserre?
Buried in Giza
Ptahshepses
Niuserre - Djedkare Isesi
Monumental tomb in Abusir
Ptahhotep Descher
Menkauhor ?
Grave in Saqqara
Seschemnefer
Menkauhor ? - Djedkare Isesi?
Grave in Giza
Ptahhotep
Djedkare Isesi
Grave in Saqqara
Raschepses
Djedkare Isesi
Grave in Saqqara
Senedjemib Inti
Djedkare Isesi
Grave in Giza
Achethotep
Unas
Son of Ptahhotep, tomb in Saqqara
Achethotep Hemi
Unas
Grave by the Unas pyramid
Senedjemib Mehi
Unas
Son of Senedjem Inti, grave in Giza
Ihy
Unas
Grave by the Unas pyramid
Nianchba
Unas
Grave by the Unas pyramid
Iynefert Schanef
Unas
Grave by the Unas pyramid
Ptahhotep Tjefi
Unas
Son of Achethotep
6th dynasty
Khnumneti
Unas or Teti
Son of Senedjem Inti, grave in Giza
Kagemni Memi
Teti
Grave in Saqqara
Meref-nebef
Grave in Saqqara
Neferseseschemre Scheschi
Teti
Grave in Saqqara
Anchmaher Zezi
Teti
Grave in Saqqara
Mereruka Mery
Teti
Grave in Saqqara
Chentykai Ichechi
Teti - Pepi I.
Grave in Saqqara
Mehu
Pepi I.
Grave at the Unas pyramid in Saqqara
Ptahhotep
Pepi I.
Grave at the Unas pyramid in Saqqara
Tepemankh
Middle of the 6th Dynasty
Grave in Saqqara
Tjenti
Middle of the 6th Dynasty
Grave in Saqqara
Meryteti
Pepi I.
Son of Mererukai Mery, tomb in Saqqara
Rawer
Pepi I.
Grave in Saqqara
Mereri
Merenre - Pepi II.
Grave in Saqqara
Neferseschemseschat Chenu
Merenre- Pepi II.
Grave in Saqqara
Zezi
Pepi I. - Pepi II.
Grave in Saqqara-South
Idu Nefer
Pepi I. - Pepi II.
Grave in Giza
Anchmeryre
Pepi I. - Pepi II.
Burial chapel in the mastaba of Mehu, son of Mehu, father of Hetepka
Chenu
Pepi II.
Depicted in the mortuary temple of Pepi II.
Ihychenet
Pepi II.
Depicted in the mortuary temple of Pepi II.
Hetepka
Pepi II.
Burial chapel in the mastaba of Mehu, son of Anchmeryre
Meryreiam
Pepi II.
Grave at the pyramid of Pepi II.
Meryremeryankhptah
Pepi II.
Depicted in the mortuary temple of Pepi II. Grave in Giza
Sabuptah Ibebi
Pepi II.
Grave in Giza
Schenay
Pepi II.
Grave at the pyramid of Pepi II.
Nebkauher Idu
Pepi II. (Or later)
usurped mastaba in Saqqara
Chabauchnum Biu
Pepi II.
Grave at the pyramid of Pepi II.
Nyhabsedneferkare
Pepi II.
Grave at the pyramid of Pepi II.
Fefi
Unasanch
Old Kingdom, Province
Surname
Dating
Remarks
Herwy (Achmim)
Iuu (Abydos)
Djau (Abydos)
Idi (Abydos)
Weni (Abydos)
Pepynakht (Abydos)
Ankhpepy hery-ib (Meir)
Ankhpepy Henykem (Meir)
Schemai (Coptus)
Neferkauhor Chuiuihapi
Idi (coptus)
Hemre, Izi (Deir el Gebrawi)
Henqu , iy ... f (Deir el Gebrawi)
Surname
Dating
Remarks
Werkauba Iku
Teti
Kainefer
Tjetju
Chuu
Surname
Dating
Remarks
Herihor
Pinudjem I.
Amehirpamescha (?)
Neseramun A
Padimuth
Ia-o
Rudpamut
Hori
Hori, son of Iutjek (?)
Nesipaqaschuty
Harsiese, son of Nesipaqashuty
Hor
Pentyfanch
Harsies
Djedchonsefanch
Nightmare
Hor, son of Nakhtefmut
Pamiu
Pakharu, son of Pamiu
Son-in-law of Takelot III.
Ankh-Osorkon
Grandson of Osorkon III.
Padiamonet, son of Pamiu
25th Dynasty , southern viziers
Harsies
Nesmin, son of Harsiese
Anchhor
Nesipaqaschuty
Son-in-law of Takelot III.
Pediese, son of Harsiese
Chamhor
Pahrer / Harsiese, son of Chamhor
Nesmin, son of Chamhor
Nesipaqaschuty
25th Dynasty, Northern Viziers
Djedkare
25th Dynasty
Surname
Dating
Remarks
southern viziers
Nespamedu
Late 25th / early 26th dynasty
Son of Nesipaqaschuty; officiated at the time of the Assyrian conquest of Egypt; appears in Assyrian sources as King of Thinis
Nespaqaschuty
Psammetich I.
Son of Nespamedu
Anchwennefer
Psammetich I.
Iry
Psammetich I.
Djedbastetiuefanch
Psammetich I.
northern viziers
Mentuhotep
Late 25th / early 26th dynasty
Harsies
Psammetich I. or before
Known only from his daughter's coffin and a stele.
Sasobek
Late 25th / early 26th dynasty
Known only from his sarcophagus (London BM EA 17)
Nasecheperensachmet
Psammetich I.
Beacon renef
Psammetich I.
Iufaa
Father of Gemenefhorbak. Known from a statue.
Gemenefhorbak
Known only from his sarcophagus (Turin 2201).
Harsomtusemhat
Known only from his cube stool in a private collection.
Psamtek-Meryneit
Amasis
Known only from one ushabti.
Pasherientaihet / Padineith
Amasis
Statue, today in Copenhagen.
literature
Arthur Weil : The veziere of the Pharaonic Empire: arranged chronologically. Schlesier & Schweikhardt, Strasbourg 1908.
Diana Alexandra Pressl: Officials and soldiers: the administration in the 26th dynasty in Egypt (664–525 BC). Lang, Frankfurt a. M. 1998, ISBN 3-631-32586-X , pp. 97-123.
Christine Raedler: The viziers of Ramses' II. Networks of Power. In: Rolf Gundlach , Andrea Klug (ed.): The Egyptian monarchy in the field of tension between domestic and foreign policy in the 2nd millennium BC Chr. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2004, ISBN 3-447-05055-1 , pp. 277-416.
Web links
Individual evidence
↑ Guy Lodomez: Un nouveau vizir de l'époque saïte. In: Chronique d'Égypte. (CdE) Volume 88, No. 175, 2013, pp. 38-44.
↑ Guy Lodomez: Ioufâa, un vizir saïte du début de la XXVIe dynasty. In: Chronique d'Égypte. Volume 93, No. 186, 2018, pp. 248-261.
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