List of viziers of ancient Egypt

Fragment of a stele of the vizier Neferrenpet

The vizier (Egyptian: tjati ) was the most important office at the ancient Egyptian court from the 4th Dynasty ( Old Kingdom ) to the 30th Dynasty ( Late Period ). The following list names all known titleholders, even from the time when this position was not so important. However, there are still some gaps in this list. For the fourth, fifth dynasties, the first intermediate period, the Middle Kingdom and the second intermediate period, only one reigning title holder can be assumed for ever. In the 6th dynasty there may have been several people in office at the same time. In the New Kingdom and in the late period there was a vizier each for Upper and Lower Egypt. The allocation of the official area of ​​individual title holders is sometimes not certain.

List of viziers

Early Dynastic Period

Surname	Dating	Remarks
2nd dynasty
Menka	Ninetjer  ?	Known only from pot labels.

Old empire

Surname	Dating	Remarks	image
4th dynasty
Nefermaat	Sneferu	Mastaba in Meidum .
Anchhaf	Cheops	Son of Sneferu; Mastaba in Giza
Hemiunu	Cheops	Son of Nefermaat; Mastaba in Giza
Kawab	Chephren	Son of Cheops; Mastaba in Giza
Minchaef	Chephren	Son of Cheops; Mastaba in Giza
Nefermaat	Chephren	Grandson of Sneferu; Mastaba in Giza
Chufuchaef I.	Chephren - Mykerinos	Son of Cheops; Mastaba in Giza; perhaps identical to Pharaoh Chephren
Nikaure	Chephren - Mykerinos	perhaps a son of Chephren; Grave in Giza
Iunmin	Chephren - Mykerinos	perhaps a son of Chephren; Grave in Giza
Nebemachet	Chephren - Mykerinos	Son of Chephren; Owner of two graves in Giza
Ankhmare	Mykerinos	Son of Chephren; Grave in Giza
Duaenre	Mykerinos or later	Son of Chephren; Mastaba in Giza
Babaef	Mykerinos or later	probably a son of the Duaenre; Mastaba in Giza
Sechemkare	Mykerinos or later	Son of Chephren; Grave in Giza
5th dynasty
Seschathotep , Heti	Early 5th Dynasty (?)	Grave in Giza
Werbauba	Sahure	Depicted in the mortuary temple of Sahure.
Washing ptah; Izi	Neferirkare	Tomb in Saqqara; Neferirkare is mentioned in the biography in the grave.
Pehenuka	Neferirkare	Grave in Saqqara
Minnefer	Niuserre	Depicted in the mortuary temple of Niuserre; Sarcophagus in Leiden ; Grave unknown.
Sechemanchptah	Niuserre?	Buried in Giza
Ptahshepses	Niuserre - Djedkare Isesi	Monumental tomb in Abusir
Ptahhotep Descher	Menkauhor  ?	Grave in Saqqara
Seschemnefer	Menkauhor  ? - Djedkare Isesi?	Grave in Giza
Ptahhotep	Djedkare Isesi	Grave in Saqqara
Raschepses	Djedkare Isesi	Grave in Saqqara
Senedjemib Inti	Djedkare Isesi	Grave in Giza
Achethotep	Unas	Son of Ptahhotep, tomb in Saqqara
Achethotep Hemi	Unas	Grave by the Unas pyramid
Senedjemib Mehi	Unas	Son of Senedjem Inti, grave in Giza
Ihy	Unas	Grave by the Unas pyramid
Nianchba	Unas	Grave by the Unas pyramid
Iynefert Schanef	Unas	Grave by the Unas pyramid
Ptahhotep Tjefi	Unas	Son of Achethotep
6th dynasty
Khnumneti	Unas or Teti	Son of Senedjem Inti, grave in Giza
Kagemni Memi	Teti	Grave in Saqqara
Meref-nebef		Grave in Saqqara
Neferseseschemre Scheschi	Teti	Grave in Saqqara
Anchmaher Zezi	Teti	Grave in Saqqara
Mereruka Mery	Teti	Grave in Saqqara
Chentykai Ichechi	Teti - Pepi I.	Grave in Saqqara
Mehu	Pepi I.	Grave at the Unas pyramid in Saqqara
Ptahhotep	Pepi I.	Grave at the Unas pyramid in Saqqara
Tepemankh	Middle of the 6th Dynasty	Grave in Saqqara
Tjenti	Middle of the 6th Dynasty	Grave in Saqqara
Meryteti	Pepi I.	Son of Mererukai Mery, tomb in Saqqara
Rawer	Pepi I.	Grave in Saqqara
Mereri	Merenre - Pepi II.	Grave in Saqqara
Neferseschemseschat Chenu	Merenre- Pepi II.	Grave in Saqqara
Zezi	Pepi I. - Pepi II.	Grave in Saqqara-South
Idu Nefer	Pepi I. - Pepi II.	Grave in Giza
Anchmeryre	Pepi I. - Pepi II.	Burial chapel in the mastaba of Mehu, son of Mehu, father of Hetepka
Chenu	Pepi II.	Depicted in the mortuary temple of Pepi II.
Ihychenet	Pepi II.	Depicted in the mortuary temple of Pepi II.
Hetepka	Pepi II.	Burial chapel in the mastaba of Mehu, son of Anchmeryre
Meryreiam	Pepi II.	Grave at the pyramid of Pepi II.
Meryremeryankhptah	Pepi II.	Depicted in the mortuary temple of Pepi II. Grave in Giza
Sabuptah Ibebi	Pepi II.	Grave in Giza
Schenay	Pepi II.	Grave at the pyramid of Pepi II.
Nebkauher Idu	Pepi II. (Or later)	usurped mastaba in Saqqara
Chabauchnum Biu	Pepi II.	Grave at the pyramid of Pepi II.
Nyhabsedneferkare	Pepi II.	Grave at the pyramid of Pepi II.
Fefi
Unasanch

Old Kingdom, Province

Surname	Dating	Remarks
Herwy (Achmim)
Iuu (Abydos)
Djau (Abydos)
Idi (Abydos)
Weni (Abydos)
Pepynakht (Abydos)
Ankhpepy hery-ib (Meir)
Ankhpepy Henykem (Meir)
Schemai (Coptus)	Neferkauhor Chuiuihapi
Idi (coptus)
Hemre, Izi (Deir el Gebrawi)
Henqu , iy ... f (Deir el Gebrawi)

First split

Surname	Dating	Remarks
Werkauba Iku
Teti
Kainefer
Tjetju
Chuu

Middle realm

Surname	Dating	Remarks
11th dynasty
Bebi	Mentuhotep II.	Appears on relief in the ruler's mortuary temple
Dagi	Mentuhotep II. - Mentuhotep III.	Grave and mention in the mortuary temple of Mentuhotep II.
Ahanacht	Mentuhotep II.	Also governor of Chemenu
Amenemhat	Mentuhotep IV.
12th dynasty
Ipi	early 12th dynasty?	Grave in Thebes
Antefiqer	Sesostris I.	Grave in Lischt, numerous inscriptions
Montuhotep	Sesostris I.	Only titular vizier?
Neheri		Also governor of Chemenu
Kay		Also governor of Chemenu
Amenemhat	Sesostris I.	Also governor of Chemenu
Senusret
Ameni
These		Only titular vizier?
Ameni
Nebit		Grave in Dahshur;
Khnumhotep	Sesostris III. - Amenemhet III.	Grave in Dahshur
Ameni
Cheti	28th year of Amenemhet III.
Zamonth
12th or 13th dynasty
Amenemhat-ankh		Relief fragments in the art trade
Qemeni		Name appears on the bronze top of a ship's mast
Sesostrisanch		Ugarit statue , stele
Iuii
Minhotep
(Neb) sumenu (?)
Hori
Sobek-aa Bebi
Ameni
Dedu-Month Senebtifi

Second split

Surname	Dating	Remarks
Chenmes	Sechemkare, probably Amenemhet V.	Known from statue and rock inscription.
Anchu	Chendjer
Res-seneb		Son of Anchu
Ii-meru		Son of Anchu
Neferkare Iymeru	Sobekhotep IV.
Ded-Ptah Dedtu-seneb
Iii
Iii-meru
Senebhenaf
That night
Ib-jau
Amenemhat

New kingdom

Surname	Dating	Remarks
18th Dynasty , Southern Viziers
Tetinefer
Imhotep	Thutmose III.
Aakheperreseneb
Hapuseneb
Ahmose Aametju	Hatshepsut , Thutmose III.	Father of Amunuser
Amunuser	Hatshepsut, Thutmose III.
Rechmire	Thutmose III. - Amenhotep II
Amenemope
Seny
Hepu
Ptahmosis	Amenhotep III
Ramose	Amenhotep III
Night couples
Usermonth	Tutankhamun
Pentu	Tutankhamun	Is only mentioned on a top inscription in the ruler's grave.
Eje (?)	Tutankhamun	Classification as a vizier not sure.
18th Dynasty, Northern Viziers
Nefer weaving	Thutmose III.	Probably father of Rechmire
Ptahmosis	Thutmose III.
Thutmose	Amenhotep II
Ptahhotep	Thutmose IV.
Thutmose	Amenhotep III
Amenhotep	Amenhotep III
Aperel	Amenhotep III - Akhenaten
Paramessu	Haremhab
Sehty
19th and 20th dynasties , southern viziers
Paser	Ramses ii
Nehi	Ramses ii
... my
Thutmose
Chay	Ramses ii
Neferrenpet	Ramses ii
Panehesi
Pensachmet
Itju (?)
Amunmose
Paraemheb
Hori	Siptah to Ramses III.	Moved from Memphis to Thebes under Siptah
Ta	Ramses III.	Vizier in Upper and Lower Egypt.
Neferrenpet	Ramses IV. To Ramses VI.	Probably a vizier in Upper and Lower Egypt.
Nehi	Ramses VI.	Vizier of Upper or Lower Egypt.
Ramses night	Ramses VI.	Dating uncertain
Nebmaatrenacht	Ramses IX.	Vizier of Upper or Lower Egypt.
Chaemwaset	Year 16 of Ramses IX. until at least year 3 of Ramses X.	Vizier in Upper and Lower Egypt.
Wennefer	Ramses XI
19th and 20th dynasties, northern viziers
Nebamun	Haremhab - Ramses II
Rahotep	Ramses ii	Also often appears in sources as Parahotep.
Iry ...	Ramses ii
Hori	Seti II	Moved from Memphis to Thebes under Siptah
Ta	Ramses III.	Vizier in Upper and Lower Egypt.
Neferrenpet	Ramses IV. To Ramses VI.	Probably a vizier in Upper and Lower Egypt.
Merysakhmet

Third intermediate time

Surname	Dating	Remarks
Herihor
Pinudjem I.
Amehirpamescha (?)
Neseramun A
Padimuth
Ia-o
Rudpamut
Hori
Hori, son of Iutjek (?)
Nesipaqaschuty
Harsiese, son of Nesipaqashuty
Hor
Pentyfanch
Harsies
Djedchonsefanch
Nightmare
Hor, son of Nakhtefmut
Pamiu
Pakharu, son of Pamiu		Son-in-law of Takelot III.
Ankh-Osorkon		Grandson of Osorkon III.
Padiamonet, son of Pamiu
25th Dynasty , southern viziers
Harsies
Nesmin, son of Harsiese
Anchhor
Nesipaqaschuty		Son-in-law of Takelot III.
Pediese, son of Harsiese
Chamhor
Pahrer / Harsiese, son of Chamhor
Nesmin, son of Chamhor
Nesipaqaschuty
25th Dynasty, Northern Viziers
Djedkare	25th Dynasty

Late period

Surname	Dating	Remarks
southern viziers
Nespamedu	Late 25th / early 26th dynasty	Son of Nesipaqaschuty; officiated at the time of the Assyrian conquest of Egypt; appears in Assyrian sources as King of Thinis
Nespaqaschuty	Psammetich I.	Son of Nespamedu
Anchwennefer	Psammetich I.
Iry	Psammetich I.
Djedbastetiuefanch	Psammetich I.
northern viziers
Mentuhotep	Late 25th / early 26th dynasty
Harsies	Psammetich I. or before	Known only from his daughter's coffin and a stele.
Sasobek	Late 25th / early 26th dynasty	Known only from his sarcophagus (London BM EA 17)
Nasecheperensachmet	Psammetich I.
Beacon renef	Psammetich I.
Iufaa		Father of Gemenefhorbak. Known from a statue.
Gemenefhorbak		Known only from his sarcophagus (Turin 2201).
Harsomtusemhat		Known only from his cube stool in a private collection.
Psamtek-Meryneit	Amasis	Known only from one ushabti.
Pasherientaihet / Padineith	Amasis	Statue, today in Copenhagen.

literature

• Arthur Weil : The veziere of the Pharaonic Empire: arranged chronologically. Schlesier & Schweikhardt, Strasbourg 1908.
• Diana Alexandra Pressl: Officials and soldiers: the administration in the 26th dynasty in Egypt (664–525 BC). Lang, Frankfurt a. M. 1998, ISBN 3-631-32586-X , pp. 97-123.
• Christine Raedler: The viziers of Ramses' II. Networks of Power. In: Rolf Gundlach , Andrea Klug (ed.): The Egyptian monarchy in the field of tension between domestic and foreign policy in the 2nd millennium BC Chr. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2004, ISBN 3-447-05055-1 , pp. 277-416.

Web links

• List of Egyptian viziers (English)
• List of viziers at Digital Egypt (English)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Guy Lodomez: Un nouveau vizir de l'époque saïte. In: Chronique d'Égypte. (CdE) Volume 88, No. 175, 2013, pp. 38-44.
2. ↑ Guy Lodomez: Ioufâa, un vizir saïte du début de la XXVIe dynasty. In: Chronique d'Égypte. Volume 93, No. 186, 2018, pp. 248-261.