General doctor

General doctor
	Rank badges for doctors
Rank group	Generals
NATO rank code	OF-6
Rank Army / Air Force	General doctor
Marine rank	Admiralty doctor
Abbreviation (in lists)	General Practitioner (GA)
Grade	B 6 according to BBesO

The general doctor is a rank of the Bundeswehr and former German armed forces. In earlier German armed forces, the general doctor was also the name for a service position .

armed forces

The general doctor is one of the ranks of the Bundeswehr . General physicians are medical officers with a license to practice as a doctor or dentist . The rank of general doctor is determined by the Federal President with the order of the Federal President on the rank designations and the uniform of soldiers on the basis of the Soldiers Act .

Positions

General practitioners are only used in exceptional cases to practice. Rather, they are used in the following positions:

Director of the Multinational Medical Coordination Center (MMCC) / European Medical Command ( EMC ) in Koblenz
Chief physician of a Bundeswehr hospital ( Koblenz , Ulm , Berlin or Hamburg )
Head of Department A and B in the Bundeswehr Medical Service Command
Deputy Commander in
General Physician of the Air Force

The General Physician of the Air Force and Commander Center for Aerospace Medicine of the Air Force is the highest-ranking physician in his armed forces and the specialist superior for the aviation physicians ; in the army and in the navy .

There are no general medical positions planned in the armed forces base .

Admiralty in the Navy

The Navy medical corps leads since 1 October 2012, the Head of Marine Sanitation and Admiral of the Navy doctor in the naval command in Rostock. He's top divers doctor of the Bundeswehr and advises the Chief of Medical Services of the Bundeswehr in all matters of maritime medicine , diving medicine and hyperbaric medicine .

The Director of the NATO Center of Excellence for Military Medicine and the Medical Advisor at the Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe ( SHAPE ) in Mons , Belgium is a German general physician in regular rotation with Hungary.

appointment

The legal basis for the appointment as general practitioner is set by the Soldier Career Ordinance (SLV) and, in addition, the Central Service Regulations (ZDv) 20/7. In detail, however, the careers there are only regulated up to the rank of senior physician . The appointment as general physician, on the other hand, is essentially a decision to be made by the employer based on the suitability, qualifications and performance of the soldier, which is hardly subject to any further requirements. In practice, only professional officers who have a license to practice medicine and at least the medical expertise of a senior physician are appointed as general physician. According to the Soldier Career Ordinance, the ranks should be passed through regularly in the order described in the order of the Federal President and a minimum period of service in the previous rank of at least one year should be the rule; In the practice, general practitioners were senior surgeons for several years. There is no special examination to be taken before promotion to the rank of generals; In practice, however, many general practitioners have completed training as officers in the general staff service at the command academy of the Bundeswehr .

Rank badge

Sliding loops for field suit

army

air force

Uniform wearer area

The rank badge for general physicians is essentially the same as that for brigadier generals . Additional career badges in the form of a staff of Aesculapia serve to distinguish between general practitioners . In the career badge for doctors, the snake winds in a double twist , for dentists in a single twist around the staff.

Use as a collective term

Greetings and salutation for doctors and dentists of the rank group of generals in army and air force uniform is regardless of the rank "Herr Generalarzt". If one takes the forms of greeting and salutation in the Bundeswehr as a yardstick, “Generalärzte” is therefore also a collective term for all medical officers and their ranks addressed in this way. Sometimes this also includes the appropriate ranks for naval uniform bearers and their bearers.

Others

With regard to the power of command in the sense of the Superiors Ordinance and the Military Disciplinary Code , with regard to salary and with regard to equivalent, subordinate and superior ranks within the meaning of ZDv 14/5, general practitioners are also treated on an equal footing with brigadier general . When it comes to medical issues, in particular, medical officers are often the superiors of higher-ranking soldiers. In the order of promotion to be regularly followed according to the Soldiers' Career Ordinance and ZDv 20/7, the rank preceding the general doctor is the senior physician and the next rank is the general staff doctor . Only Army and Air Force uniforms bear the rank of general physician ; the corresponding rank for naval uniform bearers is the admiralty doctor .

Officer rank
Lower rank		Higher rank
Colonel Captain Colonel doctor Colonel pharmacist Colonel veterinary fleet doctor fleet pharmacist	Brigadier General Flotilla Admiral General Doctor General Pharmacist n.a. Admiral doctor n.v.	Major General Rear Admiral General Staff Doctor n.a. n / a Admiralty staff doctor n / a
Rank group : Teams-NCOs-NCO-NCOs-Lieutenant-Captains-Staff officers-Generals See also : Ranks and Rank Badges of the Bundeswehr

German Empire

In the Wehrmacht there were the ranks of general physician and the ranks of general pharmacist and general veterinarian of the same rank . General doctor was the head of the medical service in the area of an army corps ( corps doctor ), more rarely a division ( division doctor ).

In the Prussian army , the general doctor, as a senior military officer with a certain military rank , who was responsible for an army corps , initially had the rank of major and , from 1865, that of lieutenant colonel . The senior general physicians were often given the rank of colonel . In later years the entry level was that of a colonel, senior officers also received the rank of senior general physician (major general). Immediately subordinate to the general doctor was the general staff doctor of the army with the rank of major general as chief of the entire medical corps . In Prussia, for example, there was a general practitioner in the Medical Department of the War Ministry , and another one served as a "sub-director" at the Kaiser-Wilhelms-Akademie for military medical education . In case of war the medical service was an army by an army general doctor as intermediary between the Corps doctors and the head of the field medical service directed at each stage inspection by a stage Surgeon General .

Remarks

↑ Left: Rank badge on the shoulder flap of the jacket of the service suit for army uniform wearers (human medicine). Right: Rank badge on the shoulder flap of the jacket of the service suit for air force uniform wearers (human medicine).

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d The stage manager in dentistry , the highest specialist supervisor of all dentists, is no longer - as is currently the case - general doctor (or admiralty ), but will in future be occupied by a senior doctor (or fleet doctor ). In the future, the highest grade that dentists can achieve is the senior physician (or fleet physician ) for the time being. Dentists with the rank of general physician (or admiralty) will no longer be found in the active force in the future. ZDv 37/10 “Suit regulations for soldiers in the Bundeswehr”, ZDv 20/7 “Regulations for the transport and for the recruitment, acceptance and admission of soldiers”, the order of the Federal President on the rankings and uniforms of soldiers as well as the Soldiers' Career Ordinance continue to allow the appointment (and the marking of their rank) of dentists as general physician (or admiralty doctor), but the establishment plan and the budget no longer provide for a corresponding position in the future.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Can alternatively be dressed by an admiral doctor .

↑ In principle, temporary soldiers , professional soldiers and reservists can be appointed general physician, although in practice (especially in times of peace) almost only professional officers who are specialists in a medical field are promoted to general physician . The appointment of general practitioners d. R. is analogous to the → Brigadier General d. Usually conceivable, but almost impossible in practice. General Doctors a. D. are also reservists. However, they are usually not promoted and do not do military exercises. In practice, the promotion of reservists to the general practitioner (and their further promotion) is also excluded because no corresponding posts have been planned and therefore no corresponding (non-formally) required appointment can be made in the sense of the Soldiers' Career Ordinance in connection with ZDv 20/7 . In the sense of the Soldiers' Career Ordinance, membership of one of the careers for medical officers is obvious, although this can only be inferred implicitly, because all general practitioners continue to be counted among the medical officers in accordance with the order of the Federal President . Within the scope of the Soldiers ' Career Ordinance, medical officers can only be promoted within one of the medical officers' careers. Even if the career paths of the career group beyond the senior physician are not described in more detail in the Soldiers' Career Ordinance, promotion to a medical officer grade of the rank group of the generals is carried out analogously in continuation of one of the careers for medical officers, who must be licensed as a doctor according to the Soldier's Career Ordinance.

↑ Minimum service periods since being appointed to a previous rank are therefore not formally required. Theoretically, the rank of general physician could also be “skipped” by chief surgeons or reached shortly after being appointed chief physician; Theoretically, a position with the rank of general physician is also possible. A rare example of one of these "special cases", which would be fully transferable to army and air force uniforms and the rank of general physician, is Ulrich Weisser , who was initially appointed flotilla admiral in 1992 and was appointed vice admiral that same year . Weisser skipped the rank of rear admiral , cf. Hans Ehlert : A life for the Bundeswehr. Mine sweeper, super brain, gray eminence. In: FAZ.NET . Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung GmbH, Werner D'Inka , Berthold Kohler , Günther Nonnenmacher , Holger Steltzner , May 6, 2011, accessed on August 15, 2014 (first edition in the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung of April 27, 2011. No. 97 / page 8) .

↑ ZDv 20/7 on the basis of Section 44 of the Soldiers ' Career Ordinance ( Ordinance on the Careers of Soldiers (Soldiers' Career Ordinance - SLV) . March 19, 2002, Section 44 ( online [accessed on March 25, 2014] Newly drafted by Bek. V. 19 August 2011 I 1813. Last amended by Art. 2 Paragraph 5 G of April 8, 2013 I 730). )

↑ For reasons of space, shortened captions. What is meant are army uniform wearers and air force uniform wearers . The crimson flat braid shown next to the slip-on loop for army uniform wearers is always the indicator for belonging to the rank group of generals for army uniform wearers . In addition to the slip-on loops for the field blouse in the five-color camouflage pattern shown here on the shoulder flaps, there are a number of other types of rank insignia, which are described in more detail in the article → "Rank insignia of the Bundeswehr" .

↑ or possibly "woman" - cf. Subchapter "Salutation of female soldiers" in the article "Ranks of the Bundeswehr"

↑ cf. Subchapter "Salutation" in the article "Ranks of the Bundeswehr"

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c Hartmut Bagger , Command Staff of the Armed Forces I 3, Federal Ministry of Defense (Ed.): ZDv 37/10. Suit regulations for soldiers in the Bundeswehr . July 1996. Reprint from October 2008. Bonn July 16, 2008, 4 labels, p. 539 ( digital version (PDF; 3.5 MB) - reprint October 2008 replaces first edition from July 1996). Digitized version ( memento of the original from September 19, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ ^a ^b The Federal Minister of Defense (ed.): ZDv 14/5. Soldiers Act . DSK AV110100174, change status July 17, 2008. Bonn August 21, 1978, rank designations in the Bundeswehr, p. B 185 (Not to be confused with the Law on the Legal Status of Soldiers (Soldiers Law) ).
^ Agreed English texts. STANAG 2116 . NATO standardization agreement (STANAG) . NATO codes for grades of military personnel. 5th edition. 1992 ( NATO Rank Codes - 1992 [accessed March 25, 2014] English).
↑ ^a ^b ^c The Federal President (Ed.): Order of the Federal President on the rank designations and the uniform of the soldiers . BPresUnifAnO. July 14, 1978 ( PDF - Order of the Federal President on the rank designations and uniforms of soldiers from July 14, 1978 ( Federal Law Gazette I p. 1067 ), last amended by Article 1 of the order of May 31, 1996 ( Federal Law Gazette I p. 746 ) has been changed).
^ Federal Minister of Defense ; Command Staff of the Armed Forces IV 1 (Ed.): Abbreviations for use in the Bundeswehr - German Abbreviations - ZDv 64/10 . Bonn January 19, 1979 ( PDF - as of September 17, 1999).
↑ ^a ^b Appendix I (to § 20, paragraph 2, sentence 1) Bundesbesoldungsgesetz orders of A and B . ( Online [accessed on March 25, 2014] Federal salary regulations (BBesO) only apply to professional and temporary soldiers and are an annex to the Federal Salary Act (BBesG)).
↑ The Federal Minister of Defense (ed.): Law on the legal status of soldiers (Soldiers Act - SG) . Bonn March 19, 1956, § 4 Paragraph 3 (2) - ( PDF [accessed on March 25, 2014] Revised by notice of May 30, 2005 I 1482. Last amended by Art. 1 G of April 8 2013 I 730).
↑ ^a ^b Ordinance on the Careers of Soldiers (Soldiers' Careers Ordinance - SLV) . March 19, 2002 ( online [accessed on March 25, 2014] revised by notice of August 19, 2011 I 1813. Last amended by Art. 2 Par. 5 G of April 8, 2013 I 730).
↑ Note also: Annex (to § 3). Allocation of the career paths of the soldiers to the career groups of the men and women, the NCOs and the officers
↑ ^a ^b The Federal Minister of Defense ; Personnel, Social and Central Affairs Department (Ed.): ZDv 20/7. Provisions for the transport and for the recruitment, acceptance and admission of soldiers . Bonn March 27, 2002, Art. 635 ( PDF ( memento of October 26, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) [accessed on March 26, 2014] DSK AP210100187, reprint January 2008).
↑ The Federal Minister of Defense (ed.): ZDv 10/8 Military Forms and Celebrations of the Bundeswehr . Cape. 6 Greeting and salutation (has been replaced by central guideline A2-2630 / 0-0-3 "Military forms and celebrations of the Bundeswehr").
↑ cf. also Werner Besch : Duzen , Siezen , titulating . To address in German today and yesterday (= Kleine Reihe V&R 4009 ). 2nd Edition. Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht , Göttingen 1998, ISBN 3-525-34009-5 , p. 58 ff . ( Digitized version from Google Books [accessed on November 25, 2014] Note in particular the quote from No. 262 from ZDv 10/8 (has been replaced by central guideline A2-2630 / 0-0-3)).
↑ ^a ^b Federal Minister of Defense (ed.): Ordinance on the regulation of the military superior relationship (Superior Ordinance - VorgV) . June 4, 1956 ( online [accessed on March 25, 2014] last amended by Art. 1 No. 2 V of October 7, 1981 I 1129).
^ Military disciplinary code (WDO). In: Laws on the Internet . Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection , August 16, 2001, accessed on November 5, 2014 (from August 16, 2001 ( Federal Law Gazette I p. 2093 ), last amended by Article 7 of the Act of August 28, 2013 ( Federal Law Gazette I p . 3386 ) has been changed).
↑ ^a ^b The equivalent, higher and lower ranks are given in accordance with ZDv 14/5 B 185, cf. The Federal Minister of Defense (ed.): ZDv 14/5. Soldiers Act . DSK AV110100174, change status July 17, 2008. Bonn August 21, 1978, rank designations in the Bundeswehr, p. B 185 (Not to be confused with the Law on the Legal Status of Soldiers (Soldiers Act) . The order of the ranks shown in the info box does not necessarily correspond to one of the regular rank sequences provided for in the Soldiers' Career Ordinance , nor does it necessarily correspond to the rank hierarchy described in the Superiors Ordinance a managerial relationship ).

↑ Alexander Göschen (Ed.): Deutsche Klinik , Volume 12, 1860, p. 79.

^ ^A ^b ^c Gottfried Friedrich Franz Löffler : The Prussian Military Sanitary System and its Reform after the War Experience of 1866 , Volume 2, Hirschwald, 1869, p. 336.

^ General physician in Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon from 1905.

^ General physician in Brockhaus' Kleines Konversations-Lexikon from 1911.

[2] Left: Rank badge on the shoulder flap of the jacket of the service suit for army uniform wearers (human medicine). Right: Rank badge on the shoulder flap of the jacket of the service suit for air force uniform wearers (human medicine).

[Goldzahn-8] The stage manager in dentistry , the highest specialist supervisor of all dentists, is no longer - as is currently the case - general doctor (or admiralty ), but will in future be occupied by a senior doctor (or fleet doctor ). In the future, the highest grade that dentists can achieve is the senior physician (or fleet physician ) for the time being. Dentists with the rank of general physician (or admiralty) will no longer be found in the active force in the future. ZDv 37/10 “Suit regulations for soldiers in the Bundeswehr”, ZDv 20/7 “Regulations for the transport and for the recruitment, acceptance and admission of soldiers”, the order of the Federal President on the rankings and uniforms of soldiers as well as the Soldiers' Career Ordinance continue to allow the appointment (and the marking of their rank) of dentists as general physician (or admiralty doctor), but the establishment plan and the budget no longer provide for a corresponding position in the future.

[AdmA-10] Can alternatively be dressed by an admiral doctor .

[11] In principle, temporary soldiers , professional soldiers and reservists can be appointed general physician, although in practice (especially in times of peace) almost only professional officers who are specialists in a medical field are promoted to general physician . The appointment of general practitioners d. R. is analogous to the → Brigadier General d. Usually conceivable, but almost impossible in practice. General Doctors a. D. are also reservists. However, they are usually not promoted and do not do military exercises. In practice, the promotion of reservists to the general practitioner (and their further promotion) is also excluded because no corresponding posts have been planned and therefore no corresponding (non-formally) required appointment can be made in the sense of the Soldiers' Career Ordinance in connection with ZDv 20/7 . In the sense of the Soldiers' Career Ordinance, membership of one of the careers for medical officers is obvious, although this can only be inferred implicitly, because all general practitioners continue to be counted among the medical officers in accordance with the order of the Federal President . Within the scope of the Soldiers ' Career Ordinance, medical officers can only be promoted within one of the medical officers' careers. Even if the career paths of the career group beyond the senior physician are not described in more detail in the Soldiers' Career Ordinance, promotion to a medical officer grade of the rank group of the generals is carried out analogously in continuation of one of the careers for medical officers, who must be licensed as a doctor according to the Soldier's Career Ordinance.

[12] Minimum service periods since being appointed to a previous rank are therefore not formally required. Theoretically, the rank of general physician could also be “skipped” by chief surgeons or reached shortly after being appointed chief physician; Theoretically, a position with the rank of general physician is also possible. A rare example of one of these "special cases", which would be fully transferable to army and air force uniforms and the rank of general physician, is Ulrich Weisser , who was initially appointed flotilla admiral in 1992 and was appointed vice admiral that same year . Weisser skipped the rank of rear admiral , cf. Hans Ehlert : A life for the Bundeswehr. Mine sweeper, super brain, gray eminence. In: FAZ.NET . Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung GmbH, Werner D'Inka , Berthold Kohler , Günther Nonnenmacher , Holger Steltzner , May 6, 2011, accessed on August 15, 2014 (first edition in the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung of April 27, 2011. No. 97 / page 8) .

[16] ZDv 20/7 on the basis of Section 44 of the Soldiers ' Career Ordinance ( Ordinance on the Careers of Soldiers (Soldiers' Career Ordinance - SLV) . March 19, 2002, Section 44 ( online [accessed on March 25, 2014] Newly drafted by Bek. V. 19 August 2011 I 1813. Last amended by Art. 2 Paragraph 5 G of April 8, 2013 I 730). )

[Verkürzt-17] For reasons of space, shortened captions. What is meant are army uniform wearers and air force uniform wearers . The crimson flat braid shown next to the slip-on loop for army uniform wearers is always the indicator for belonging to the rank group of generals for army uniform wearers . In addition to the slip-on loops for the field blouse in the five-color camouflage pattern shown here on the shoulder flaps, there are a number of other types of rank insignia, which are described in more detail in the article → "Rank insignia of the Bundeswehr" .

[Frau-18] r possibly "woman" - cf. Subchapter "Salutation of female soldiers" in the article "Ranks of the Bundeswehr"

[Anrede-19] . Subchapter "Salutation" in the article "Ranks of the Bundeswehr"

[ZDV2008-1] Hartmut Bagger , Command Staff of the Armed Forces I 3, Federal Ministry of Defense (Ed.): ZDv 37/10. Suit regulations for soldiers in the Bundeswehr . July 1996. Reprint from October 2008. Bonn July 16, 2008, 4 labels, p. 539 ( digital version (PDF; 3.5 MB) - reprint October 2008 replaces first edition from July 1996). Digitized version ( memento of the original from September 19, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2

[SG-3] The Federal Minister of Defense (ed.): ZDv 14/5. Soldiers Act . DSK AV110100174, change status July 17, 2008. Bonn August 21, 1978, rank designations in the Bundeswehr, p. B 185 (Not to be confused with the Law on the Legal Status of Soldiers (Soldiers Law) ).

[STANAG-4] Agreed English texts. STANAG 2116 . NATO standardization agreement (STANAG) . NATO codes for grades of military personnel. 5th edition. 1992 ( NATO Rank Codes - 1992 [accessed March 25, 2014] English).

[BPräsUnifAnO-5] The Federal President (Ed.): Order of the Federal President on the rank designations and the uniform of the soldiers . BPresUnifAnO. July 14, 1978 ( PDF - Order of the Federal President on the rank designations and uniforms of soldiers from July 14, 1978 ( Federal Law Gazette I p. 1067 ), last amended by Article 1 of the order of May 31, 1996 ( Federal Law Gazette I p. 746 ) has been changed).

[Abkrz-6] Federal Minister of Defense ; Command Staff of the Armed Forces IV 1 (Ed.): Abbreviations for use in the Bundeswehr - German Abbreviations - ZDv 64/10 . Bonn January 19, 1979 ( PDF - as of September 17, 1999).

[BBesO-7] Appendix I (to § 20, paragraph 2, sentence 1) Bundesbesoldungsgesetz orders of A and B . ( Online [accessed on March 25, 2014] Federal salary regulations (BBesO) only apply to professional and temporary soldiers and are an annex to the Federal Salary Act (BBesG)).

[9] The Federal Minister of Defense (ed.): Law on the legal status of soldiers (Soldiers Act - SG) . Bonn March 19, 1956, § 4 Paragraph 3 (2) - ( PDF [accessed on March 25, 2014] Revised by notice of May 30, 2005 I 1482. Last amended by Art. 1 G of April 8 2013 I 730).

[SLV-13] Ordinance on the Careers of Soldiers (Soldiers' Careers Ordinance - SLV) . March 19, 2002 ( online [accessed on March 25, 2014] revised by notice of August 19, 2011 I 1813. Last amended by Art. 2 Par. 5 G of April 8, 2013 I 730).

[Anlage-14] Note also: Annex (to § 3). Allocation of the career paths of the soldiers to the career groups of the men and women, the NCOs and the officers

[20/7-15] The Federal Minister of Defense ; Personnel, Social and Central Affairs Department (Ed.): ZDv 20/7. Provisions for the transport and for the recruitment, acceptance and admission of soldiers . Bonn March 27, 2002, Art. 635 ( PDF ( memento of October 26, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) [accessed on March 26, 2014] DSK AP210100187, reprint January 2008).

[ZDV10/8-20] The Federal Minister of Defense (ed.): ZDv 10/8 Military Forms and Celebrations of the Bundeswehr . Cape. 6 Greeting and salutation (has been replaced by central guideline A2-2630 / 0-0-3 "Military forms and celebrations of the Bundeswehr").

[Besch-21] . also Werner Besch : Duzen , Siezen , titulating . To address in German today and yesterday (= Kleine Reihe V&R 4009 ). 2nd Edition. Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht , Göttingen 1998, ISBN 3-525-34009-5 , p. 58 ff . ( Digitized version from Google Books [accessed on November 25, 2014] Note in particular the quote from No. 262 from ZDv 10/8 (has been replaced by central guideline A2-2630 / 0-0-3)).

[VorgV-22] Federal Minister of Defense (ed.): Ordinance on the regulation of the military superior relationship (Superior Ordinance - VorgV) . June 4, 1956 ( online [accessed on March 25, 2014] last amended by Art. 1 No. 2 V of October 7, 1981 I 1129).

[23] Military disciplinary code (WDO). In: Laws on the Internet . Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection , August 16, 2001, accessed on November 5, 2014 (from August 16, 2001 ( Federal Law Gazette I p. 2093 ), last amended by Article 7 of the Act of August 28, 2013 ( Federal Law Gazette I p . 3386 ) has been changed).

[SGBOX-24] The equivalent, higher and lower ranks are given in accordance with ZDv 14/5 B 185, cf. The Federal Minister of Defense (ed.): ZDv 14/5. Soldiers Act . DSK AV110100174, change status July 17, 2008. Bonn August 21, 1978, rank designations in the Bundeswehr, p. B 185 (Not to be confused with the Law on the Legal Status of Soldiers (Soldiers Act) . The order of the ranks shown in the info box does not necessarily correspond to one of the regular rank sequences provided for in the Soldiers' Career Ordinance , nor does it necessarily correspond to the rank hierarchy described in the Superiors Ordinance a managerial relationship ).

[25] Alexander Göschen (Ed.): Deutsche Klinik , Volume 12, 1860, p. 79.

[Löffler-26] A ^b ^c Gottfried Friedrich Franz Löffler : The Prussian Military Sanitary System and its Reform after the War Experience of 1866 , Volume 2, Hirschwald, 1869, p. 336.

[27] General physician in Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon from 1905.

[28] General physician in Brockhaus' Kleines Konversations-Lexikon from 1911.