Pochinki (Nizhny Novgorod)
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pochinki
Починки
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Pochinki ( Russian Починки ) is a village in the Nizhny Novgorod ( Russia ) with 11,891 inhabitants (October 14, 2010).
geography
The place is located on the northwestern edge of the Volga plateau , in the extreme southeast of the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, not far from the border with the Republic of Mordovia , just under 200 kilometers as the crow flies from the Oblast capital Nizhny Novgorod . The Rudnja river flows through Pochinki and flows a few kilometers north into the left Alatyr tributary of the Sura .
Pochinki is the administrative center of the Pochinki Rajons of the same name . The village Soviet pochinki next to the village pochinki nor the villages Nowospasskoje (7 km south), Dubrovo (13 km southwest) and Tagajewo (6 km west), the hamlet Seljonaja Roshcha and Karmalei and settlements Ossinki and Penkosawoda assumed.
history
Was first mentioned in a village instead of today pochinki in 1628 as mordwinisches village Anudemir or Pochinok Keuschtanow which of Tatars was destroyed and therefore abandoned by the residents. In 1647 bought the Moscow boyar Boris Morozov - one of the most influential and wealthy feudal lords of that time as the “educator” of the underage Tsar Alexei I and de facto ruler of Russia; he owned up to 274 villages and 40,000 serfs - the land owned by the state and settled there serf peasants from the Moscow area. This year is considered to be the founding year of the place, which was initially called Novo-Roschdestweno .
Morozov built in pochinki a potash on production, which took a significant extent in the next 100 years. When the necessary forests in the vicinity were cleared in the middle of the 18th century, potash production was stopped in 1760 and, at the instigation of Tsarina Elisabeth, a large stud was founded to supply the cavalry regiment of the imperial bodyguard (Konny leib-gwardii polk) .
In 1779 Pochinki received city rights as the city of Ujezds Lukoyanov of the Nizhny Novgorod governorate . In the following years, the city was regularly built according to a general plan. The town's coat of arms, introduced in 1781, referred to the stud as a formative business enterprise of the place. Towards the end of the 19th century, the population of Pochinki more than four times that of the Ujezd administrative center Lukoyanov. Nonetheless, the economic development of the town, which is located away from the main transport routes, such as the railway lines that emerged in the second half of the century, stagnated .
In 1922 Pochinki lost its town charter and has been Selo ever since. Today's population only slightly exceeds that of the late 19th century. With the administrative reorganization after the founding of the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast in 1929, Pochinki became the administrative center of a Rajon in the 1930s.
Population development
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1897 | 9,851 |
| 1939 | 9,696 |
| 1959 | 7,354 |
| 1970 | 8,411 |
| 1979 | 8,601 |
| 1989 | 11,148 |
| 2002 | 11,925 |
Note : census data
culture and education
In Pochinki, a typical example of a small Russian provincial town from the 19th century, a number of buildings from this period have been preserved. The stud complex from the years 1817 to 1825 is protected as a cultural and historical monument, but is in a poor state of preservation. Restoration plans from the 1990s were not implemented.
Economy and Infrastructure
Pochinki is the center of an agricultural area with a few factories for processing agricultural products and the construction industry. The 250-year-old Pochinki Stud, one of the oldest in Russia, where the Soviet draft horse breed was newly bred in the 20th century , is currently insolvent and is about to be liquidated due to unclear ownership.
Several natural gas pipelines cross at Potschinki . In 2007, construction began on the Pochinki - Grjazowez pipeline , which will initially stabilize the gas supply to northwestern Russia and serve as a feed line to the Nord Stream pipeline to western Europe, later with the completion of a new pipeline from the Yamal peninsula to northwestern Russia in the opposite direction to supply central Russia.
The nearest train station is at the Uschowka settlement a good ten kilometers to the north on the route from Rusajewka via Arsamas to Nizhny Novgorod (kilometer 119), which was opened on this section in 1901 . The R178 trunk road runs through Pochinki and connects Nizhny Novgorod via the Mordovian capital Saransk and Penza with Saratov .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ↑ Locations of Pochinki Raion on the Oblast Administration website (Russian)
- ↑ Description of the stud (Russian, photos)
- ↑ Report in Westi ( Rossija 1 ; Russian, video)
- ↑ Pipeline Potschinki - Grjasowez ( Memento of the original from June 20, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the Gazprom website (English, Russian)
Web links
- Official website of the Raion Administration (Russian)
