Rivne
Rivne | ||
Рівне | ||
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Basic data | ||
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Oblast : | Rivne Oblast | |
Rajon : | District-free city | |
Height : | 136 m | |
Area : | 58.24 km² | |
Residents : | 246,535 (2019) | |
Population density : | 4,233 inhabitants per km² | |
Postcodes : | 33000-33499 | |
Area code : | +380 362 | |
Geographic location : | 50 ° 37 ' N , 26 ° 15' E | |
KOATUU : | 5610100000 | |
Administrative structure : | 1 city | |
Mayor : | Volodymyr Homko | |
Address: | вул. Соборна 12a 33000 м. Рівне |
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Website : | http://www.city-adm.rv.ua/ | |
Statistical information | ||
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Riwne ( Ukrainian Рівне ; Russian Ровно Rowno , polish Równe ) is a major city in the northwest of Ukraine with about 250,000 inhabitants. It is located on the river Ustya ( Устя ) and is the administrative center of the oblast of the same name and the Rivne district .
The city is a traffic junction on the trunk roads M 06 / E 40 , N 22 and the regional road P – 05 as well as on the railway lines Kovel – Kosjatyn and Rivne – Luninez . In addition, it is an important garrison of the Ukrainian armed forces through the Operative Army Command West located here .
history
The village was first mentioned in 1283. From the second half of the 14th century Rivne belonged to Lithuania , later to Poland and was located here in the Volhynian Voivodeship . In 1492 Rivne obtained city rights under Magdeburg law . In the 16th century, Rivne was an important trading center.
During the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, the city and its surroundings were assigned to Russia . During the First World War and the following Russian Civil War , control of the city passed between Russian, German, Ukrainian, Bolshevik and Polish forces. From April to May 1919 Rivne was briefly the capital of the Ukrainian People's Republic . From 1921 the city belonged again to Poland ( Second Polish Republic ) and was located in the Voivodeship of Volhynia , Powiat Równe , Gmina Równe . The city's Christian residents were predominantly Catholic, as evidenced by the architecture of the large, two-tower Catholic church. After the Hitler-Stalin Pact at the beginning of the Second World War , Rivne was annexed to the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic as a result of the Soviet occupation of eastern Poland .
On June 28, 1941, Rivne was captured by German troops after the tank battle near Dubno-Lutsk-Rivne and later assigned to the Reichskommissariat Ukraine . When the city was taken, about half of the almost 60,000 inhabitants were of Jewish faith. According to contemporary witnesses, 23,000 of them were shot in a forest near Sosenki on November 8 and 9, 1941 . The 5,000 remaining Jews were locked in a ghetto and deported to Kostopil in July 1942 , where they too were murdered by Einsatzgruppen . In the resistance against the German occupation of the region, partisans in divisions were active from 1943 and particularly obstructed traffic on the north and south railways. On November 16, 1943, the NKVD agent Nikolai Ivanovich Kuznetsov shot the German Senate President Alfred Funk in the courtroom. On February 2, 1944, the Red Army liberated Rivne during the Rovno-Lutsk operation .
Rivne fell to the Soviet Union in 1945 and belonged again to the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, it has belonged to the independent state of Ukraine. On June 11, 1991, the city of Rovno was renamed Rivne; this was followed by the associated Rivne Oblast .
Culture
Rivne was home to a Tarbut School and a Tarbut Kindergarten in the 1920s and 1930s , important parts of Jewish life in the city before the Holocaust . Jewish life in the city suffered not only from the Holocaust, but also from the anti-Semitic hostilities of the Polish and other people.
Residents
1897 * | 1904 | 1920 | 1926 * | 1939 * | 1943 | 1959 * |
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24 573 | 30 300 | 23 700 | 30 500 | 43,000 | 17 531 | 59 598 |
1970 * | 1979 * | 1989 * | 2001 * | 2010 | 2019 | |
115 541 | 178 956 | 227 925 | 248 813 | 249 582 | 246 535 |
* Census: Source: 1897, 1939, 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989, 2001, 2010, 2019
Economy and culture
Rivne is the industrial center (machines, electrical appliances, linen industry ) and the cultural center of the area with universities, theaters and museums . The Rivne nuclear power plant is located near the city .
Town twinning
Rivne lists eight twin cities :
city | country | since |
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Lublin | Poland | 2013 |
Monaco | Monaco | 2015 |
Oberviechtach | Germany | 2006 |
Piotrków Trybunalski | Poland | 1997 |
Radomszczański | Łódź, Poland | 2013 |
Levjerodonetsk | Ukraine | 2007 |
Vidin | Bulgaria | 2001 |
Zabrze | Poland | 2001 |
Zvolen | Slovakia | 1998 |
Sports
Rivne owns a well-known speedway stadium, where decisive qualifying runs for the individual speedway world championships were held back in the 1980s during the USSR. For example the World Cup continental final in 1984, in which the two German former world champions Egon Müller and Karl Maier also took part.
sons and daughters of the town
- Moische Zilberfarb (1876–1934), Jewish-Ukrainian politician and intellectual
- Alexander Tairow (1885–1950), Russian-Soviet director and theater theorist
- Eugenia Wasilewska (* 1922), survivor of the deportations to Kazakhstan in the Second World War
- Nikolaus Arndt (1928–2016), German architect, historian and local politician
- Ryszard Przybylski (1928–2016), Polish essayist, literary historian and translator
- Anna Walentynowicz (1929-2010), worker at the Lenin shipyard in Gdansk and member of Solidarność
- Andrzej Milczanowski (* 1939), Polish lawyer and politician
- Yaroslav Evdokimow (* 1946), pop and esteemed singer (baritone)
- Ruslan Khomchak (* 1967), Ukrainian general and commander in chief of the armed forces
- Valery Evdokymow (* 1969), Ukrainian general and head of the foreign intelligence service
- Serhij Hontschar (* 1970), racing cyclist
- Oksana Markarowa (* 1976), Ukrainian Finance Minister
- Ala Zuper (* 1979), Belarusian freestyle skier
- Marija Schatalowa (* 1989), obstacle runner
- Olga Kulchinskaya (* 1990), opera singer
- Olena Kolesnytschenko (* 1993), hurdler
- Natalija Pryschtschepa (* 1994), middle-distance runner
literature
- Jeffrey Burds: Holocaust in Rovno: The Massacre at Sosenki Forest, November 1941. Palgrave Macmillan, New York 2013, ISBN 978-1-137-38839-1 . ( Table of contents )
- Alexander Kruglov: Równe , in: Martin Dean (Ed.): The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945. Vol. 2, ghettos in German-Occupied Eastern Europe: Part B . Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2012, ISBN 978-0-253-00227-3 , pp. 1459-1461
- Równe , in: Guy Miron (ed.): The Yad Vashem encyclopedia of the ghettos during the Holocaust . Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 2009 ISBN 978-965-308-345-5 , pp. 665f.
Web links
- Równe . In: Filip Sulimierski, Władysław Walewski (eds.): Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich . tape 9 : Poźajście – Ruksze . Walewskiego, Warsaw 1888, p. 818 (Polish, edu.pl ).
- infomisto.com - Rivne city map, information and reference portal
proof
- ↑ Rizzi Zannoni, Część Pułnocna Woiewodztw Wołińskiego y Kiiowskiego. Powiat Piński, w Litwie Południowey .; 1772 ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Law of the Verkhovna Rada
- ↑ http://pop-stat.mashke.org/ukraine-cities.htm
- ↑ Рівне - Міста-партнери . Retrieved January 14, 2015.