Sarrazac (Lot)
| Sarrazac | ||
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| local community | Cressensac-Sarrazac | |
| region | Occitania | |
| Department | Lot | |
| Arrondissement | Gourdon | |
| Coordinates | 45 ° 1 ′ N , 1 ° 35 ′ E | |
| Post Code | 46600 | |
| Former INSEE code | 46298 | |
| Incorporation | 1st January 2019 | |
| status | Commune déléguée | |
Sarrazac is a village and a commune déléguée in the French commune of Barguelonne-en-Quercy with 505 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2017) in the Lot department in the Occitanie region . The place belonged to the arrondissement of Gourdon and the canton of Martel .
The decree of August 2, 2018 established the incorporation of Sarrazac as a Commune déléguée together with the former municipality of Cressensac into the Commune nouvelle Cressensac-Sarrazac with effect from January 1, 2019 . The administrative headquarters are in Cressensac.
The name of the community is derived from an estate belonging to a Sarratius.
The inhabitants are called Sarrazacois and Sarrazacoises .
geography
Sarrazac is located about 36 km north-northeast of Gourdon in the historic province of Quercy on the northern border with the neighboring Corrèze department .
Sarrazac is surrounded by five neighboring communities and a Commune déléguée from Cressensac-Sarrazac:
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Turenne (Corrèze) |
Ligneyrac (Corrèze) |
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Cressensac (Cressensac-Sarrazac) |
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Cavagnac |
| Cuzance | Le Vignon-en-Quercy |
Sarrazac is located in the catchment area of the Dordogne river . The Ruisseau de Rionet, a tributary of the Vignon, rises on the territory of the municipality.
history
Sarrazac
The village already existed in Gallo-Roman times and was invaded by the Visigoths in 411 . The fifth and sixth century sarcophagi found near the center of the parish attest to the presence of a cemetery in Merovingian times. Around 823 Sarrazac was mentioned by Raoul de Quercy, Archbishop of Bourges . His sister Emma (Emmène) was the abbess of the monastery in Sarrazac. In the ninth century, Count Raoul (Rodulfe) of Turenne asked to be buried in the church of St. Geniès.
Sarrazac was part of the Turenne Vice-County . where it was the seat of parliament. The square tower behind the church probably belonged to the manor house. The mention of a Gaubert de Sarrazac in 1169 suggests that there was a family from Sarrazac. Sarrazac was probably a fortified village around the 12th century. It lost its privileges when it was separated from the vice-county in 1738 and surrendered to the King of France, which weakened the village's economy.
During the French Revolution , Sarrazac was the capital of the canton from 1790 to 1800.
L'Hôpital Saint-Jean
The Hôpital Saint-Jean is a hamlet in the municipality, the name of which goes back to the Hospitallers who settled there around 1099. It became L'Hôpital Saint-Jean de Jaffa after one of the Vice Counts of Turenne added the name Jaffa on his return from the Crusades . The Vice Count Raymond von Turenne donated for the construction of a hospital. On a fall which is Latin saying "Certus Dolor, Incerta Curatio" ( German certainly is pain, uncertain recovery ) engraved with a reference to the location of the hospital on the site of today's bakery.
The hamlet is located on an old Gallo-Roman road. It followed the hill line from Nazareth in what is now the Corrèze department via Martel to Rocamadour . The discovery of the tomb of St. Amadour brought an upswing in pilgrims to the road and the hospital became a stop on this pilgrimage route.
Opposite the post is an old inn with a chimney called "Fanal" ( German Fanal ) from the 14th or 15th century. It is surmounted by a hollow column with holes in which a lantern could be inserted to show the pilgrims the way. At the entrance to the village, coming from Cressensac, there was a leper house . The knights had established their commandery in a house, of which a square tower and windows in the Renaissance style have been preserved. Opposite the church was the rope factory, today recognizable by a rope that is carved on a wooden lintel. Houses were built, shops set up, craftsmen settled, it developed into a street village and the cattle markets became the most important in the vice-county.
In the 18th century, the route Brive-la-Gaillarde - Montpellier led through Cressensac and the number of travelers through L'Hôpital Saint-Jean fell. Throughout the century the reputation of the markets has not diminished, as has the cattle trade and the wool and hemp trade. In the middle of the 19th century, the truffle fairs ranked second in the department.
Around 1843 the village was elevated to a parish.
Population development
After records began, the population rose to a peak of around 1,450 by the middle of the 19th century. In the period that followed, the size of the community fell to 440 inhabitants with short recovery phases by the 1990s, before a relatively short growth phase set in at the beginning of the 21st century, which ended recently and caused the size to stagnate again.
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 | 2011 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 518 | 530 | 506 | 496 | 440 | 481 | 523 | 642 | 505 |
Attractions
Parish Church of Saint-Geniès
The parish church of Saint-Geniès appeared in the copial book of the abbey in Beaulieu on the occasion of a gift from Count Rodolphe and his wife to their son Rodolphe and daughter Emmène in 823, both of whom were destined to serve God. Rodolphe, who was appointed Archbishop of Bourges, gave the Beaulieu Monastery, which he founded around 840, various properties, including Sarrazac and the parish church.
The walls of the nave, and especially the yoke , which is covered with an octagonal dome below the bell tower , could have been built at the end of the 12th or beginning of the 13th century. Capitals that are smooth or decorated with leaves can be seen there.
The polygonal apse, or at least its vault with lines, dates from the 15th century, as does the roof of the nave. The two aisles may have been added at the same time. The north side chapel is believed to date from the late 15th or early 16th century. On the keystone is the coat of arms of the Vielheschezes family who settled in Sarrazac in the 15th century. The western entrance portal and the sacristy were built in the 19th century. The apse preserved three wooden panels with bas-reliefs from the 17th century and the remains of a liter funéraire from the 17th or 18th century. The panels are classified as a monument historique . The vault of the nave was decorated in the neo-renaissance style in the 19th century . The glass windows are dated and signed “Saint-Blancat, Toulouse, 1887”. The church has been inscribed as a Monument historique since September 10, 1947 .
Parish Church of Saint-Saturnin in Valeyrac
The oldest parts of the Saint-Saturnin church are believed to date from the 13th century. The north side chapel was built in 1553 for pastor Antoine Muzac, who took over the patronage of his family. The entrance portal should come from the same period. The lintel of the window of the sacristy bears the year "1779". The vaults of the nave and the apse were restored in 1878.
There are no historical documents that prove the origin of this church. Because it was built on one of the many springs in this valley, it can be assumed that it replaced a pagan place of worship. The name of Saint Saturninus of Toulouse , the first bishop of Toulouse to be martyred in the third century , indicates a very ancient origin. The building has a nave with two bays , which is equipped with a groined vault made of brick , followed by a polygonal apse. A side chapel with a ribbed vault that opens on the north nave was added. A section of a rod on the south wall behind the entrance portal could indicate that at least one part of the building was once provided with a barrel vault . A massive bell tower rises above the first yoke of the nave. The extension of the rectory to the west hides the original entrance to the church. The lower sections of the walls date back to the Romanesque period , while the upper sections and the vaults date back to a later period. The entrance portal, which opens to the south, is located at the foot of the bell tower. The ornaments on his frieze are carefully applied in the form of plants or geometric motifs. They are probably from the 16th century. The coat of arms on the keystone on the arch of the portal can no longer be identified. A sundial is located halfway up the portal . In the choir grave slabs can be seen that with an engraved cross and the monogram of Christ are provided.
Parish church of Saint-Roch in L'Hôpital Saint-Jean
At the beginning of the 17th century a plague epidemic hit the country and the survivors decided to build a chapel in honor of Rochus of Montpellier , the patron saint of those suffering from the plague. The chapel has since disappeared, but the current parish church, the construction of which was decided from 1875, was consecrated to the same patron saint. It is built in the neo-Gothic style with a single-nave nave with a length of two bays, a front yoke under the bell tower, two side chapels that form a transept and a yoke of a square choir. The eastern walls show wall paintings . Some stained glass windows are by Louis-Victor Gesta from Toulouse , particularly in the southern chapel with a window depicting Rochus.
Les Chabannes Castle
The main building of Les Chabannes Castle could have been from the 15th century. After a collapse in 1945, the western sections have been completely restored using original structural elements. A second building probably dates from the 17th century.
In the 14th century the Chabannes area was sold to Adhémar d'Aigrefeuille, Baron von Gramat . From the 15th to the end of the 16th century, the property belonged to the Muzac family, who paid homage to the Vice Count of Turenne. The castle came into the hands of the Tournier family through a marriage, who lived there until 1760, the date of the marriage of Thérèse-Ursule de Tournier to Jean de Materre, Seigneur of Le Chauffour. His family kept the castle until 1870 when they sold it to their farmer Traversat, who, however, left it to himself for almost a century. In 1966 a painter and his wife bought the ruin and had extensive restoration work carried out.
At the foot of a hexagonal tower, a door leads to a spiral staircase. Twin windows adorn the facade, including two corner windows on the back of the building. A dovecote from the late 17th century with a flat stone roof occupies the inner corner of the second building. The castle is privately owned and is not open to the public.
Crozes Castle
A Crozes estate was first mentioned in the ninth century in the copial book of the abbey in Beaulieu. In 1470 a "Crozes country house" is mentioned, which from then on belonged to Etienne de Vieilleschièzes, who had acquired it from the nobles Galhard and Jean Paulin. After that date he had the castle built on the site of an earlier fortress . In 1504, Pierre de Vielheschezes, Seigneur of Le Bastit , maintained the estate without jurisdiction from the Vice Count of Turenne. His family owned it even in 1589 and 1609 before the basic rule passed in 1611 to Jean de Marqueyssac, the nephew of Raymond de Vielheschezes, who died without direct descendants. The close relatives, the Marqueyssacs, followed him until 1813 and sold the castle to François de Verninac, the attaché of his cousin Raymond de Verninac. In 1796, Raymond de Verninac married Henriette Delacroix, the daughter of the Minister for Foreign Relations at the Consulate . He redesigned the castle and equipped it with a small guardhouse next to the dovecote. When he died, his son François took over the management of the property but did not stay there and left it to his mother in the 1830s. The painter Eugène Delacroix , a brother-in-law of François de Verninac, stayed here twice. He took the room that later became a library. From there he had a look at Turenne and Cavagnac, which can also be seen in his drawings.
The castle originally consisted of two wings arranged at right angles. Today it has the shape of a large residential wing with a rectangular floor plan with a pavilion to the east reinforced with loopholes . Its foundations possibly date from the 13th century. The north-east corner is filled by a thick round tower, which is provided with shooting hatches . The main facade faces a large park. At the corner there is a polygonal tower with a spiral staircase inside that leads to the upper floors. Its entrance is decorated with a keel arch and pinnacles . At the back of the castle you can see the brick remains of a moat that protected the castle in the 15th and 16th centuries. The castle was redesigned in the 18th century and completely restored in the neo-Gothic style in 1860 . The windows with lintels in the form of segmented arches illuminate the corridors of the castle, which open to the rooms, which are embellished with paneling and stucco in the Rococo style. A model farm was also set up on the property in the 19th century. The castle, the two pavilions in the inner courtyard and the model farm have been inscribed as a monument historique since March 17, 1999 . It is owned by a private person and not accessible to the public.
Le Granger Castle
The castle with its pointed turrets owes its name to a barn that belonged to the Cistercians in the 12th century who were affiliated with the Obazine Monastery . The property underwent a restoration in the last century that fundamentally changed its appearance in the 18th century. At that time, the property was owned by Antoine Dussol, who married Marguerite de Verninac from an old Quercy family. From this family came Raymond de Verninac-Saint-Maur , a diplomat in the service of the French Revolution and the First Empire .
Muzac Castle
Muzac Castle was built for the de Montrozier family at the end of the 16th century. It is a property with a number of living quarters overlooking a garden. The building was owned by the Muzac family from the Haut-Quercy bourgeoisie in the 17th century. The Tourniers lived there in the 18th century, then the Dellac family followed.
Personalities
Maurice Colrat de Montrozier, born on September 29, 1871 in Sarrazac, died on March 5, 1954 in Paris , was a French politician and journalist. In the 1920s he held the offices of Member of Parliament for the Seine-et-Oise and Minister of Justice. During the German occupation of France in World War II , he supported Philippe Pétain politically.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ RECUEIL DES ACTES ADMINISTRATIFS SPÉCIAL N ° 46-2018-055 ( fr , PDF) Département Lot. Pp. 44-48. September 3, 2018. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
- ^ Jean-Marie Cassagne: Villes et Villages en pays lotois ( fr ) Tertium éditions. P. 266. 2013. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
- ↑ Lot ( fr ) habitants.fr. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
- ↑ Ruisseau de Rionet ( fr ) eaufrance. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
- ↑ Histoire de Cressensac ( fr ) Cressensac-Sarrazac municipality. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
- ↑ a b L'Hôpital Saint-Jean ( fr ) Cressensac-Sarrazac municipality. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
- ↑ Notice Communale Sarrazac ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved May 6, 2019.
- ↑ Populations légales 2016 Commune de Sarrazac (46298) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved May 6, 2019.
- ↑ église paroissiale Saint-Geniès ( fr ) French Ministry of Culture . November 26, 2015. Accessed May 6, 2019.
- ^ 3 bas-reliefs ( fr ) French Ministry of Culture . October 8, 1992. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
- ↑ Gilles Séraphin, Maurice SCELLES, Anne-Marie Pêcheur: église paroissiale Saint-Saturnin ( fr ) Départemental Lot. October 3, 2013. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
- ↑ Gilles Séraphin, Maurice SCELLES: château ( fr ) Départemental Lot. January 30, 2014. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
- ↑ Château des Chabannes ( fr ) chateau-fort-manoir-chateau.eu. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
- ↑ Gilles Séraphin, Maurice SCELLES: château de Croze ( fr ) Départemental Lot. January 2, 2015. Accessed May 6, 2019.
- ↑ Château de Crozes ( fr ) chateau-fort-manoir-chateau.eu. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
- ↑ château ( fr ) French Ministry of Culture . October 13, 2015. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
- ↑ Château du Granger ( fr ) chateau-fort-manoir-chateau.eu. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
- ↑ Château de Muzac ( fr ) chateau-fort-manoir-chateau.eu. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
- ↑ Maurice Colrat (1871–1954) ( fr ) Bibliothèque nationale de France . Retrieved May 6, 2019.