Schilino
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Schilino
Szillen (Schillen) Жилино
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Schilino ( Russian Жилино ; German Szillen , 1936 to 1947 Schillen , Lithuanian Žiliai ) is a settlement in the Neman Rajon in the Russian Oblast of Kaliningrad . The place Schilino belongs to the municipal self-government unit urban district Neman .
Geographical location
Schilino is located in historical East Prussia , about 15 kilometers southwest of the Rajon town of Neman (Ragnit) and 30 kilometers north of Chernyakhovsk (Insterburg) . The city of Sovetsk (Tilsit) in the north is about 20 kilometers away.
Place name
The name Szillen (Schillen) is derived from ßilas (Lithuanian = Heide) and means something like 'Heideort'.
history
The first settlers came to Szillen as interest farmers in the 16th century . From the 17th century, property could also be acquired there. In 1629 the parish of Szillen was established. In 1732 Protestant religious refugees moved from the Salzburg region . Around 1785 the village of Szillen was a scattered settlement with a church, two windmills and 23 fireplaces (households), which belonged to the district of Sommerau. In the 19th century the village belonged to the Ragnit County.
In the second half of the 19th century the roads and the Tilsit – Insterburg railway line were built. In 1865 the pharmacist Kaul received a license to open a pharmacy in Szillen. In 1895 a volunteer fire brigade was founded. In 1910/11, Szillen was connected to the power grid. Until 1945 there was a farm in Schillen that was owned by the Erzberger family.
Until 1945 Schillen belonged to the district of Tilsit-Ragnit in the administrative district of Gumbinnen in the province of East Prussia .
Given the approaching front in World War II , Schillen was evacuated in October 1944. Soon after, the place was occupied by the Red Army . In March 1946 in Szillen to supply stationed in Tilsit was Soviet 28th Mechanized Infantry Division of the military state farm no. 20 set. It was mainly used by Germans from Schillen and the surrounding area who had not fled or returned there. In the summer of 1947 it became the (civil) sovkhos No. 134. Resettlers from the Soviet Union have now also been admitted. Szillen was renamed Schilino and the capital of a village soviet. In October 1948 the Germans were transported by truck or sledge to Kaliningrad and from there in freight cars to the Soviet occupation zone .
Schilino is one of the few places in the former North East Prussia whose historical name has survived in "Russified" form.
Population development
- until 1945
| year | number | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1816 | about 140 | |
| 1839 | 180 | |
| 1852 | over 260 | |
| 1861 | 262 | in December |
| 1933 | 1,758 | |
| 1939 | 1,946 |
- since 1945
| year | number | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 2002 | 1.012 | |
| 2010 | 931 |
District of Szillen / Schillen (1874–1945)
Between 1874 and 1945 the district of Szillen existed (from 1936 "District of Schillen"), which belonged to the district of Ragnit , from 1 July 1922 to the district of Tilsit-Ragnit in the administrative district of Gumbinnen in the Prussian province of East Prussia :
| Surname | Change name from 1938 to 1946 |
Russian name | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Gaidszen 1936-38: Gaidschen |
Throttle rupture | Watutino | |
| Gurbischken | Nettelhorst | Gorbunowo | |
| Ihlauszen 1936–38: Ihlauschen |
Raised bogs | ||
| Kropien 1928-38: Usseinen |
Larischhofen | 1938 incorporated into Schillen | |
| Norwilkischken | Argenflur | Stanovoye | |
| Nurnischken | Dreisiedel | Pokrovskoye | |
| Scill | from 1936: Schillen |
Schilino | |
| Uszainen from 1913: Usseinen |
Larischhofen |
1928 incorporated into Kropien, which was renamed Usseinen |
|
| Winger groups | Bruchhof (East Pr.) | Volokolamskoye | |
| before 1908: Aschmoweitkuhnen |
from 1933: Achtfelde |
||
| before 1908: Balandzen 1936–38: Balandschen |
Ballanden | ||
| before 1908: Sackeln |
Schilinski selski Sowet / okrug 1947–2008
The village soviet Schilinski selski Sowet (ru. Жилинский сельский Совет) was established in June 1947. In 1954 the Uljanowski selski Sowet was connected to the Schilinski selski Sowet. In the 1970s at the latest, however, these places came into the Luninski selski Sowet . After the collapse of the Soviet Union , the administrative unit existed as the village district Schilinski selski okrug (ru. Жилинский сельский округ). In 2008 the remaining places in the village district were taken over into the newly formed rural community Schilinskoje selskoje posselenije.
| Place name | Name until 1947/50 | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Antipino (Антипино) | Tapping, 1938–1945: "Ansten" | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1988. |
| Axakowo (Аксаково) | Measure will | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Bobry (Бобры) | Schwirblienen, 1938–1945: "Mühlenhöh" | The place was renamed in 1950. |
| Boizowo (Бойцово) | Boyken | The place was renamed in 1950 and connected to Pokrovskoye before 1975. |
| Fadejewo (Фадеево) | Neuhof-Hohenberg | The place was renamed in 1950. |
| Gorbunowo (Горбуново) | Gurbischken, 1938–1945: "Nettelhorst" | The place was renamed in 1950 and connected to the place Bobry before 1975. |
| Yermolovo (Ермолово) | Schacken-Jedwillen, 1938–1945: "Feldhöhe" | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Jurjewo (Юрьево) | Schunwillen, 1938–1945: "Argenau" | The place was renamed in 1950 and connected to the place Fadejewo before 1975. |
| Kowaljowo (Ковалёво) | Wilkawischken, 1938–1945: "Wildhegen" | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1988. |
| Kruchino (Кручинино) | Duden | The place was renamed in 1950 and was probably connected to Schilino before 1975. |
| Kurotschkino (Курочкино) | Kropien | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1988. |
| Larkino (Ларькино) | Neuhof | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Lazarevo (Лазарево) | Padaggen, 1933–1945: "Brandenhof" | The place was renamed in 1950 and connected to the place Bobry before 1975. |
| Minino (Минино) | Skrebudicken, 1938–1945: "Finkental" | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1988. |
| Pokrovskoje (Покровское) | Nurnischken, 1938–1945: "Dreisiedel" | The place was renamed in 1950 and probably connected to the Pushkino place before 1988. |
| Polewoje (Полевое) | Jodszehmen, 1938–1945: "Schwarzerd" | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Pushkino (Пушкино) | Bruiszen / Bruischen, 1938–1945: "Lindenbruch" | The place was renamed in 1950. |
| Rudakowo (Рудаково) | Rudders | The place was renamed in 1947. |
| Sagorskoye (Загорское) | Sommerau | The place was renamed in 1947. |
| Schilino (Жилино) | Scillen / Schillen | Administrative headquarters |
| Shcherbakovo (Щербаково) | Lepalothen, 1938–1945: "Siebenkirchberg" | The place was renamed in 1950 and connected to the place Bobry before 1975. |
| Schubino (Шубино) | Jurken | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Shustowo (Шустово) | Wittgirren-Stannen | The place was renamed in 1950 and connected to Stanowoje before 1975. |
| Stanowoje (Становое) | Norwilkischken, 1938–1945: "Argenflur" | The place was renamed in 1950. |
| Torfjanowka (Торфяновка) | Schlekaiten, 1938–1945: "Schlecken" | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1988. |
| Tushinskoye (Тушинское) | Petratschen [Ksp. Szillen], 1938–1945: "Petersmoor" | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Watutino (Ватутино) | Gaidszen / Gaidschen, 1938–1945: "Drosselbruch" | The place was renamed in 1950. |
| Vinogradowo (Виноградово) | Thalszent / Thalschenten, 1938–1945: "Grünhöhe" | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1975. |
| Volokolamskoye (Волоколамское) | Wingeruppen, 1938–1945: "Bruchhof (Ostpr.)" | The place was renamed in 1950 and abandoned before 1988. |
The place Gorkino (Groosten) , which was renamed in 1950, was also initially classified in the Schilinski selski Sowet, but then (before 1975) came to the Rakitinski selski Sowet .
The two places Yermakowo (Karlshof) and Luganskoje (Pucknen) , renamed in 1950, were also initially included in the Schilinski selski Sowet, but then (before 1975) became part of the village soviet Luninski selski Sowet .
Shilinskoye selskoye posselenie 2008–2016
The rural community of Shilinskoje selskoje posselenije (ru. Жилинское сельское поселение) was established in 2008. It comprised 18 settlements with a total of around 3,000 inhabitants, which were previously assigned to the village districts of Kanaschski selski okrug , Nowokolchosnenski selski okrug and Schilinski selski okrug. In 2017 the parish was integrated into the newly created urban district of Neman .
| Place name | Residents 2010 |
Houses 2010 |
German name |
|---|---|---|---|
| Barsukowka (Барсуковка) | 90 | 12 | Bartukeiten / Bartenhöh |
| Bobry (Бобры) | 28 | 7th | Schwirblienen / Mühlenhöh |
| Duminichi (Думиничи) | 27 | 10 | Giggarn / Girren |
| Fadejewo (Фадеево) | 49 | 9 | Neuhof-Hohenberg |
| Goworowo (Говорово) | 54 | 6th | Blausden / Blauden |
| Kanasch (Канаш) | 469 | 85 | Jurgaitschen / Königskirch |
| Lukjanowo (Лукьяново) | 29 | 7th | Lenkonischken / Großschenkendorf |
| Novokolchosnoje (Новоколхозное) | 567 | 127 | New Argeningken / Argenbrück, Bublauken / Argenfurt, Sandlauken / Sandfelde and Willkischken |
| Obruchevo (Обручево) | 40 | 11 | Kellmienen / Kellen and Lappienen Forestry Department |
| Pelevino (Пелевино) | 8th | 4th | Laukenden / Waldeneck |
| Pushkino (Пушкино) | 52 | 21st | Bruiszen / Lindenbruch |
| Rudakowo (Рудаково) | 100 | 25th | Rudders |
| Sagorskoye (Загорское) | 46 | 6th | Sommerau |
| Saizewo (Зайцево) | 35 | 2 | Seikwethen / Ulmental |
| Shepetovka (Шепетовка) | 182 | 45 | Schillkojen / Auerfließ |
| Shilino (Жилино) | 931 | 115 | Scillen / Schillen |
| Stanowoje (Становое) | 3 | 2 | Norwilkischken / Argenflur |
| Watutino (Ватутино) | 23 | 8th | Gaidszen / throttle fracture |
The church at Szillen
For the foundation of the parish , which belonged to the Protestant diocese of Ragnit in the parish of Tilsit-Ragnit in the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union , a half-timbered church was built in Szillen. It collapsed in 1698, allegedly during a festive church service, which also included victims. In 1701 a new church was completed, this time made of field stones and brick corners, with a 44 meter high tower. The Prussian King Friedrich I , who had just been crowned in Königsberg , also appeared at the inauguration . This church was destroyed by a hurricane in January 1818 except for the chancel, but was rebuilt by 1827. Around 1860, the parish of Szillen consisted of over two fifths of Estonians and Latvians . In 1924 a war memorial was erected in front of the church in memory of the victims of the First World War . After 1945 the church was used as a granary. The tower helmet was removed in 1965. In 1983 the building burned down and the roof collapsed. Today Schilino is located in the catchment area of the newly established Evangelical Lutheran congregation in Sabrodino (Lesgewangminnen , 1938 to 1946 Lesgewangen) within the Kaliningrad (Königsberg) provost of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of European Russia .
The Schillen House
The former residence of the former Erzberger estate in Schilino was saved from decay through the commitment of the Tilsit-Ragnit district community and is now known as Haus Schillen .
traffic
Several highways cross in the village, which before 1945 made Schilino a center in the area between Tilsit ( Sowetsk ) and Insterburg ( Tschernjachowsk ). The place is on the Chernyakhovsk – Sovetsk railway line , but the passenger traffic was discontinued in 2009. There is a small airfield to the northwest.
literature
- Daniel Heinrich Arnoldt : Brief messages from all preachers who have admitted to the Lutheran churches in East Prussia since the Reformation . Königsberg 1777, pp. 133-134.
- August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore or description of Prussia. A manual for primary school teachers in the province of Prussia, as well as for all friends of the fatherland . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1835, p. 520.
- Kühnast: News on property, livestock, population and public taxes of the localities in Lithuania according to official sources . Volume 2, Gumbinnen 1863, p. 433.
Web links
- Historical information about Schillen at ostpreussen.net
- About Schillen at tilsit-ragnit.de
- About the military sovkhoz no. 20 at tilsit-ragnit.de
Individual evidence
- ↑ Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Kaliningradskaya oblastʹ. (Results of the 2010 all-Russian census. Kaliningrad Oblast.) Volume 1 , Table 4 (Download from the website of the Kaliningrad Oblast Territorial Organ of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ^ A b Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part I: Topography of East Prussia . Marienwerder 1785, p. 163 .
- ^ Leopold von Zedlitz-Neukirch : The Prussian State in all its relationships . Volume 2, Berlin 1835, p. 454.
- ↑ Berlin clinical weekly paper . No. 20 of May 15, 1865, p. 216, right column
- ↑ Christian Gahlbeck and Vacys Vaivada: Archive Guide to the History of the Memel Region and German-Lithuanian Relations . Oldenbourg, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-486-57902-9 , p. 208 ( limited preview )
- ↑ Alexander A. Mützell: New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 4, Halle 1823, p. 422.
- ^ Eduard Messow: Topographical-statistical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 2, Magdeburg 1847, p. 345.
- ^ Kraatz: Topographical-statistical manual of the Prussian state . Berlin 1856, p. 616.
- ^ Kühnast: News on property, livestock, population and public taxes of the localities in Lithuania according to official sources . Volume 2, Gumbinnen 1863, p. 433.
- ↑ a b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Tilsit-Ragnit / Pogegen district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ a b census data
- ^ Rolf Jehke, Szillen / Schillen district
- ↑ The Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 17 июня 1947 г. "Об образовании сельских советов, городов и рабочих поселков в Калининградской области" (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of 17 June 1947: On the Formation of village Soviets, cities and workers' settlements in Kaliningrad Oblast)
- ↑ Through the Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 16 июня 1954 г. № 744/54 «Об объединении сельских советов Калининградской области» (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of June 16, 1954, No. 744/54: About the Kalovradet Oblast Association)
- ↑ By the Закон Калининградской области от 30 июня 2008 г. № 257 «Об организации местного самоуправления на территории муниципального образования" Неманский городской округ "» (Law of the Kaliningrad Oblast June 30, 2008, No. 257. On the organization of local self-government in the field of municipal formation "city circle Neman")
- ↑ a b Pasport on neman.gov39.ru
- ^ Max Toeppen : Historisch-Comparative Geographie von Preussen . Gotha 1858, p. 271 .
- ^ Richard Böckh: The German population and language area in the European states. A statistical study. Berlin 1869, p. 59 .
- ↑ Evangelical Lutheran Provosty Kaliningrad ( Memento of the original dated August 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
