Nostitz (noble family)

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Coat of arms of those of Nostitz

Nostitz is the name of an old noble family from Upper Lusatia that branched out into neighboring Silesia , Bohemia and Poland in the 15th century .

Johann Hartwig von Nostitz-Rieneck , raised to the bohemian status in 1646 and to the imperial count status in 1651, acquired the Immediate Lower Franconian county of Rieneck in 1673 and became the founder of the Nostitz-Rieneck branch, which is important for Bohemia.

history

Upper Lusatia

The lords of Nostitz can be traced back to their ancestral castle in Nostitz near Weißenberg from 1280 , which they sold in 1439. There may be a tribal relationship with the nearby von Rackel .

The sex is divided into three tribes: (I) Unwürde (near Kittlitz ) with the lines Unwürde (1348 to 1603 owned by the family) and Cunewalde , (II) Ullersdorf (near Jänkendorf ) with the two lines Ullersdorf (before 1331 to 1843 in Owned by the family) and Schönbrunn (the latter includes the Silesian subsidiary lines Mitsch , Ransen , Lampertsdorf and Zedlitz) as well as (III)  Rothenburg / OL with the Rothenburg lines (owned from 1452 to 1607, until 1591 also Bremenhain ), Guttau and Tzschocha ( from 1451 to 1703 in the family). The regular family line of the Rothenburg Nostitz begins with Caspar von Nostitz († 1484), whose three sons, Hartwig, Georg and Otto, founded the lines to Tzschocha, Guttau and Rothenburg, which in turn fell into several branches.

The manor Groß- Leichnamb (or Lycham , today Spreewiese near Görlitz) belonged to the family from 1553; the existing Renaissance mansion was built around 1557 and remained in the family until 1728 with one interruption.

The Nostitz belonged to the seven old families of Upper Lusatia and probably joined the Reformation in the first half of the 16th century. Emperor Rudolf II enfeoffed all bearers of the name jointly in 1577 "to the whole hand".

Bohemia

The Bohemian, count's branch comes from the Tzschocha line donated by Hartwig von Nostitz . The Lower Silesian castle Tzschocha came to the family in 1451 and belonged to them until 1703. The rise of this branch to one of the richest and most influential families of the Bohemian nobility and later even the imperial nobility took place around 1600 through legally trained relatives who, after converting to Catholicism on made a career at the imperial court and in Bohemia, after the overthrow of the estates ( Battle of White Mountain in 1620), held the highest state offices, acquired confiscated goods from Protestant nobles and formed several large manors.

Rokitnitz

Hartwig's great-grandson Johann von Nostitz († 1619), governor of the Principality of Wohlau , left two sons, Otto (II.) And Johann Hartwig, the former ancestor of the Rokitnitz branch , who became a baron in 1681, the Bohemian in 1675 and the imperial count in 1692 attained. Otto's son Johann Nikolaus sold his Cunewalde estate in the Lusatian mountains in 1627 and acquired Rokitnitz in North Bohemia in the Eagle Mountains, later also Profen with the neighboring estates of Herzogswaldau and Lobris in Silesia.

In 1822 Schloss Plan was added, which was united with the manor of Gottschau to form a common manor of Plan-Gottschau. The Rokitnitzer branch went out in 1890 with Joseph Graf Nostitz-Rokitnitz (1821–1890). His heir Marie (1853-1928) married her distant cousin Count Karl Erwein von Nostitz-Rieneck (1850-1911), who reunited the majorates of the two branches of the Bohemian line founded in the 17th century. His son Joseph Hartwig (1878–1946) had to sell most of the property, which had already been reduced in size by the land reform in 1920, due to speculative losses in the interwar period.

Count Josef's uncle, Count Joseph Dittmar von Nostitz (* May 2, 1794 - December 15, 1871), left behind as widow Mathilde Pauline von Nostitz, née Baroness Des Granges († July 12, 1881), a granddaughter of General Des Granges . Her first marriage was to Johann Wilhelm Helfer , doctor and natural scientist on the Euphrates expedition of British Colonel Chesney and since 1837 in the service of the East India Company in India, which explored Burma and the Andaman Islands , where he was on January 30, 1840 found death by a poisoned arrow. She accompanies her husband to the Orient and described his travels as Johann Wilhelm Helfer's travels in the Middle East and India in two volumes (Leipzig, 1873–1877).

  • Rokitnitz Castle , Northeast Bohemia

  • Castle Plan , West Bohemia

  • Ruins of Profen Castle , Lower Silesia

Rieneck

Count Johann Hartwig von Nostitz-Rieneck (1610–1683), Chancellor of Bohemia

The founder of the other Bohemian branch, Rieneck , was the aforementioned Johann von Nostitz's second son, Johann Hartwig von Nostitz-Rieneck (1610–1683), who was a real privy councilor and supreme chancellor of Bohemia. As a testamentary heir to his uncle Otto von Nostitz (III.), Who had already been raised to the baron class in 1623, he was transferred to Falkenau an der Eger in 1631, the Bohemian count in 1641, and the imperial count in 1651. In addition, in 1673 he acquired the Kurmainzer share in the Immediate Lower Franconian county of Rieneck , the center of which was Rieneck Castle . The line thus belonged to the Franconian Imperial Counts College until this share was sold to the Counts Colloredo shortly before the imperial institutions were dissolved in 1803 .

Johann Hartwig himself resided mainly in the Palais Nostitz in Prague, which he built from 1660 onwards . In 1666 he acquired the town and manor of Graslitz (Kraslice) and Heinrichsgrün Castle in western Bohemia, as well as Litmitz, and founded the first brass works in Bohemia in 1675/1676 in Silberbach near Graslitz. He also acquired the rule of Türmitz . From his second marriage to Eleonora Maria Countess Lobkowitz († 1681), the main branch of Count Nostitz-Rieneck on Falkenau arose.

Johann Hartwig's son Anton Johann (around 1650–1736) was the Bohemian Obersthoflehenrichter 1695–1708, 1706-08 Oberstlandmarschall and 1708–1734 Obersthofmeister. Anton's nephew Franz Wenzel (1697–1765), treasurer and Reichshofrat, reunited the property of Johann Hartwig in one hand. Count Nostitz-Rieneck, who mostly lived in Prague, served as their country residence, along with Falkenau and the other West and North Bohemian estates, in the rather modest Pakoměřice Castle, which is located in the Prague area . After Franz Wenzel's son, Count Franz Anton von Nostitz-Rieneck , had the magnificent late-baroque Měšice Castle built not far from it between 1767 and 1775 , it became the headquarters. In Šindelová (Schindlwald) near Graslitz, Franz Anton had the hunting lodge “Mes idées” built for his wife Maria Elisabeth in 1769, in the place of which the neo-baroque palace “Favorit” was built from 1904. The New Castle in Türmitz was built between 1852 and 1857 and sold in 1919.

In the second half of the 18th century, Count Johann Nepomuk von Nostitz-Rieneck acquired the Průhonice Castle near Prague. He also owned Brodek Castle (Prödlitz) in Moravia. His granddaughter and heiress of Průhonice, Marie Antonie Gabriela Countess Nostitz-Rieneck, married Ernst Emanuel Graf von Silva-Tarouca in 1885 .

Falkenau remained in the possession of the family from 1622 to 1945, Mieschitz, Plan and Heinrichsgrün also until 1945. After the Second World War, the Counts Nostitz-Rieneck from Bohemia were deported to Austria and their goods were confiscated.

Silesia

The Silesian branch, which has been a count since 1711, comes from the Ransener branch of the House of Mitsch. The Ransen estate (today Ręszów near Ścinawa / Steinau) belonged to the family from 1541 to 1715. From this branch came the Prussian general Count August Ludwig von Nostitz , Herr auf Zobten am Bober (Sobota near Lwówek Śląski / Löwenberg). The Palais Nostitz-Dyhrn in the Silesian capital of Breslau was owned by this branch of the count from around 1700 to 1830 .

Coat of arms overview

  • The family coat of arms shows in blue in an upturned golden crescent two horns swept from each other and made of silver and red. The horns on the helmet with red and silver covers.
  • Rieneck coat of arms. Three golden bars in red. Gem: a silver swan growing out of the crown; Cover: red-gold.
  • Nostitz-Rieneck coat of arms: Square with Rieneck as a heart shield, the cleavage line is also covered by an anchor split by silver and blue and mistakenly divided, the arms of which extend into the third and fourth field. 1. family coat of arms; 2. black eagle's wing with a silver falcon, the Saxons turned to the right; 3. silver; 4. Blue. Three crowned helmets: I. The eagle's wing; Cover black silver. II. Rieneck; Cover red and gold. III. between the horns of Alt-Nostitz three - blue-silver-blue - ostrich feathers; Ceilings: blue-silver.
  • Coat of arms Nostitz Rokytnic. Shield like Nostitz-Rieneck, only the anchor of gold and blue split and confused. Helmets I. and III. from Nostitz-Rieneck.

Personalities

Nostitz-Drzewiecky line

Nostitz-Rieneck line

Count Franz Anton von Nostitz-Rieneck (1725–1794), builder of Mieschitz Castle

Line Nostitz-Rokitnitz

Hermann von Nostitz-Wallwitz (1826–1906), Saxon Minister

Nostitz-Wallwitz line

A son of Ernst von Nostitz from the house of Groß Radisch in Upper Lusatia, the Saxon Minister of War Gustav von Nostitz-Wallwitz (1789-1858), married Countess Albertine von Wallwitz in 1820 , heiress of the Schweikershain estate , which her family has owned since 1718 and belonged to their descendants, who bear the name von Nostitz-Wallwitz , until 1945.

  • Schweikershain Castle

Nostitz-Jänkendorf line

  • Jänkendorf Castle , Upper Lusatia (owned from 1557 to the 18th century)

  • Oppach Castle , Upper Lusatia

Nostitz disgrace line

Further

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Nostitz (noble family)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Biographical lexicon on the history of the Bohemian countries. Published on behalf of the Collegium Carolinum (Institute) by Ferdinand Seibt , Hans Lemberg and Helmut Slapnicka, Volume III. R. Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich 2000, ISBN 3-486-55973-7 , p. 64; with further short biographies of namesake, p. 64 ff.
  2. ↑ Heribert Sturm : Biographical Lexicon for the History of the Bohemian Countries. Published on behalf of the Collegium Carolinum (Institute) , Volume I, 1979, R. Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich Vienna 1979, ISBN 3-486-49491-0 , p. 586 with further references
  3. ↑ The coats of arms of the Bohemian nobility, Volume 30, J. Siebmacher's large book of arms, 1979 Neustadt an der Aisch, ISBN 3-87947-030-8 , table of arms 70, text on page 153, reprint of Siebmacher's book of arms, Nuremberg IV. Volume, 9th department, (1886)
  4. ↑ Erich Weise (ed.): Handbook of historical sites . Volume: East and West Prussia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 317). Unchanged reprint of the 1st edition 1966. Kröner, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-520-31701-X , pp. 107-108.
  5. ^ Chamber Councilor Kaspar von Nostiz II. (1500–1588)
  6. ↑ August Adolph Tuchatsch (Ed.): Historical news about the city of Neu-Salza ... Ceremony for the 200th anniversary of the city of Neusalza in 1870. Photo-mechanical reprint. Neusalza-Spremberg: Michael Voigt 2000.