Witim (Sacha)

Urban-type settlement Witim Vitim Federal district far East republic Sakha (Yakutia) Ulus Lensk Founded 17th century Urban-type settlement since 1958 population 4,376 inhabitants (as of Oct. 14, 2010) Height of the center 185  m Time zone UTC + 9 Telephone code ([phone] Post Code 678150 License Plate 14th OKATO 98 227 553 Geographical location Coordinates 59 ° 27 '  N , 112 ° 34'  E Coordinates: 59 ° 26 '30 "  N , 112 ° 34' 15"  E

Situation in Russia

Location in the Sakha Republic

Witim ( Russian Витим ) is an urban-type settlement in Russia in the Siberian Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in Lensker Ulus . It has 4376 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010).

geography

The settlement is on the left high bank of the Lena opposite the mouth of the Witim . According to a travel note from the Archbishop of Irkutsk , Nil Issaakowitsch (1799–1874), who visited Witim in 1843, the settlement was originally 3 werst (a good 3 km) north of the current location and later moved up the Lena.

history

Witim in the 19th century

Witim is one of the oldest settlements on the Lena. Some sources cite as Established in the year 1621. However, this contradicts the recent state of research, the first Russians consequently on the Lena dealers from Mangaseya , were at the Vilyuy River , 1620 came -Mündung located much further downstream on the Lena, and a Demid Pjanda (Демид Пянда), who only reached the upper Lena from the Lower Tunguska in 1623 and also passed the mouth of a large right tributary ( Witim ) while traveling along partly rocky, partly wooded high banks . Some authors associate Witim with a winter camp of Pantelei Demidowitsch Pjanda, probably a son of Demid Pjanda, mentioned in 1643. The Brockhaus-Efron speaks of the fact that Witim "already existed" in 1661.

Originally probably founded as winter quarters (зимовья), the settlement was later expanded into a commercial fortification. In the middle of the 19th century, the settlement stretched over 2 km along the river and had around 250 inhabitants of rural origin who lived in addition to trading in fishing and hunting, transporting loads, gold mining and handicrafts. There were about 100 homesteads, a wooden church, a religious school, a sick bay, two inns and a tannery. The Great Encyclopedia (Большая энциклопедия) from 1901 speaks of 600 inhabitants.

In tsarist Russia the place also served as a place of exile for political opponents of the tsarist regime. The Yiddish poet H. Leivick, who came from Belarus , lived here in exile from 1912 to 1913 .

Population development

year	Residents
1959	2872
1970	3691
1979	3461
1989	5311
2002	3973
2010	4376

Table: census data

Economy and Infrastructure

The place has an airfield ( ICAO code : UERT). This served as a stopover for Allied aircraft from Alaska during World War II and was expanded in 1944 with the laborious effort of the elderly, women and children who remained in the village. Since the 1990s, the airfield has played an important role in the development of the Talakan oil field , an important oil discovery in the Sakha Republic.

In 2010 the settlement had 4262 inhabitants. It has two middle schools. While gold mining and trading in valuable animal skins ( sable ) were the town's main sources of income until the 19th century, forestry and inland shipping have played a role in more recent times. However, inland shipping is becoming less important due to the construction of a railway line to Yakutsk in 2009 and the construction of a country road from Lensk to Ust-Kut . Due to the airfield and the geographical location of the place, the development of the Talakan oil field has become an important economic factor of the place. In 1994 a temporary pipeline was built. The company Surgutneftegas (Сургутнефтегаз) uses the place Witim as a logistical base for the supply of the oil field. In 2004 alone, the first year after the license was granted to Surgutneftegas , 700 wagon loads with goods such as oil and lubricants, drilling equipment, caravans, supply trailers, diesel power stations, construction machinery and vehicles were delivered via Witim. The Surgutneftegas company built a road from Witim to the Talakan oil field, 100 km away.

Web links

Commons : Vitim  - collection of images, videos and audio files

photos

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  Witim estuary, part of the settlement

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  Airfield

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  Airfield building

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  Port area

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
2. ^ Witim on GoogleMaps
3. ↑ quoted from Газета "Якутия". Витимская слобода  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (November 19, 2009, in Russian, accessed October 16, 2012)  
4. ↑ (1) Geographical-Statistical Dictionary of the Russian Empire (Географическо-статистический словарь Российской империи) (St. Petersburg, 1883); (2) Irkutsk and the Irkutsk region with the inclusion of other regions and provinces of Siberia (Иркутск и Иркутская губерния с очерком прочих губkерний, 55, Сибири с70, S. both quoted from Газета "Якутия" (see above)
5. ^ Fisher, Raymond Henry: The Russian Fur Trade, 1550-1700 . University of California Press, 1943 (English). see. the section Землепроходец Пянда и открытие Лены (The discoverer Pjanda and the development of the Lena) in Открытие русскими средней и восточной (Russian) (Russian) on November 26th, 2010 (Russian Сибирочной ибирочной on November 26th, 2010). see also Demid Pjanda
6. ↑ Natalja Chowawko: Witimer historical kaleidoscope  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Исторический калейдоскоп Витима) (Russian). Retrieved November 27, 2010  
7. ↑ Brockhaus-Efron. Encyclopedic Dictionary. (Энциклопедический Словарь). St. Petersburg, 1892. Vol. 12 (Russian). Online edition in the Библиотека "Вехи" , accessed on November 24, 2010
8. ↑ Siberian Messenger (Сибирский вестник) No. 10 (1867), quoted from Газета "Якутия" (see above)
9. ↑ Great Encyclopedia (Большая энциклопедия). St. Petersburg, 1901. Quoted from Газета "Якутия" (see above)
10. ↑ Airfield information from www.gcmap.com accessed on November 24, 2010
11. ↑ ^{a b} Natalja Chowawko: Witimer historical kaleidoscope. (see above)
12. ↑ Federal State Statistics Service (Федеральная служба государственной статистики): Population of administrative units down to the Rajon level, cities and settlements of urban type; Calculation as of January 1, 2010 ( MS Excel ; 562 kB), accessed on November 24, 2010
13. ↑ Surgutneftegas press release of December 10, 2004 ( Memento of the original of July 9, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (English), accessed February 25, 2011