American children's and youth literature

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American schoolchildren select books in their elementary school's small library (1938)

The American children's literature includes all literary works that for an audience of children and young people created, written or have been revised and their authors at the time of emergence in the United States lived and wrote primarily for American audiences.

History of American Children's and Youth Literature

Reception of European literature

The title of Nathaniel Hawthorne's book Tanglewood Tales (1853), a successful collection of retold Greek myths

European literature has always been widely received in the USA. The Greek mythology learned many American children and adolescents through the retellings of living in New England writer Nathaniel Hawthorne know that 1852 be Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys brought out that was so successful that Hawthorne soon another band Tanglewood Tales (1853) , followed.

The basic holdings of American youth libraries included For example, the Little Pretty Pocket Book (1744) by John Newbery and Lewis Carroll's children 's novels Alice in Wonderland (1865) and Alice Behind the Mirrors (1871). What impression the Alice novels made in the USA is shown, among other things. a. the example of the New York writer Charles E. Carryl (1841-1920), who in 1884 published a sequel entitled (Davy and the Goblin; or, What Followed Reading "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland") .

In 1883 the American illustrator and author Howard Pyle (1853-1911) published his novel The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood , which has remained the most popular retelling of the stories about the medieval legendary figure Robin Hood to this day.

The reception of the European literary tradition continued in the 20th century. The essayist Hamilton Wright Mabie , for example, published a series of volumes between 1905 and 1908 with retellings of fairy tales, sagas and ancient myths suitable for young people . Nora Archibald Smith (1859-1934), the sister of Kate Douglas Wiggin, published among many other children's books an anthology Boys and Girls of Bookland (1923), which contained short retellings of well-known English and American children's novels. In 1931 Mary Gould Davis published a collection of seven retellings of traditional texts from Italian literature, Truce of the Wolf and Other Tales of Old Italy , for which she received a Newbery Honor . Winged Girl of Knossos (1933) by Erik Berry , also a Newbery Honor book, tells the story of Inas, the daughter of the inventor Daidalos .

Educational literature of the 19th century

The 1830s and 1840s were the heyday of a guidebook designed to guide adolescents to piety, health, and morally impeccable behavior. These books had titles such as Letters to Young Ladies , The Young Man's Guide, and Lectures to Young Men on Chastity ; their authors were among others William Buell Sprague (1795-1876), John SC Abbot (1805-1877), Lydia Sigourney (1791-1865), Sylvester Graham (1794-1851), Harvey Newcomb (1803-1863), William Andrus Alcott (1798-1859), Louisa C. Tuthill and John Angell James (1785-1859).

Visual novels of the 19th and 20th centuries

Samuel Griswold Goodrich (1793–1860), author of the Peter Parley stories

One of the pioneers of the American children's and youth novel is Samuel Griswold Goodrich , who published under the pseudonym "Peter Parley" from 1827 a multi-volume series of entertaining and didactic books for young people, in which fields of knowledge from geography to history to the natural sciences were covered. Jacob Abbott became known for his Rollo novel, which appeared in 28 volumes from 1835 to 1858. From William Simonds (1822-1859), who wrote mostly under the pseudonym Walter Aimwell , are u. a. the Aimwell Stories (1853–1863), which describe farm life in New England in seven volumes. Daniel C. Eddy published two series of travel novels since 1859, of which the first (The Percy Family) took readers to Europe, the second (Walter's Tour in the East) to the Middle East .

The Twins novels by Lucy Fitch Perkins (1865–1937) have been published since 1911 , a 26-volume story telling the stories of twin couples who live in different countries of the world or in different periods of American history.

Frances Burnett

Frances Burnett (1849–1924), author of the novels The Little Lord and The Secret Garden

The novels by Frances Hodgson Burnett are still classics in children's literature . The native English, who came to the USA as a young girl, brought out her bestseller The Little Lord (Little Lord Fauntleroy) in 1886 , which was designed as a children's book but was mainly read by mothers. Among other works, the novel in 1909 was followed by The Secret Garden (The Secret Garden) , which today is the most widely read book by Burnett and its action striking parallels to that of Johanna Spyri's novel Heidi has (1880/1881).

The first children's magazine: St. Nicholas Magazine (since 1873)

Up until the beginning of the 20th century, there was no significant middle class in the United States. The reception of children's literature remained largely a privilege of the rich. This could be z. For example, they can also afford to subscribe to special magazines for their offspring, the most notable of which was St. Nicholas Magazine , a magazine for children ages 5-18 published by Mary Mapes Dodge for New York-based Scribner . The St. Nicholas ”was published from 1873 to 1941 and offered many important American and international children's book authors of the time space for the first publication of their work.

Modern

The modern age brought a series of great upheavals in American children's and youth literature. The American Library Association (ALA) , founded in 1876, paid more and more attention to literature for young readers in the 20th century and awarded the best new books from 1922 with its Newbery Medal .

For a long time, picture book literature had only been of marginal importance. However, due to new techniques in book production, it became independent in the 1930s. The number of new publications increased rapidly, and children of preschool and first reading age became an independent target group. To honor outstanding picture books, the ALA created a special picture book literary prize in 1938, the Caldecott Medal .

Also in the 1930s, a serial first-reader literature was eliminated from the corpus of children's and youth literature, which owed its rise above all to the fact that the inexpensive books were purchased in large editions by primary schools.

The next serious event for children's and youth literature was the expansion of the high school network , which was no longer attended by an educated elite, but soon by the majority of all teenagers. The result was that more young people than ever before in American history were associating with their own kind on a daily basis, giving them the opportunity to form an independent youth culture. In the “Malt Shop Era”, the 1940s and 1950s, this youth culture gained high visibility, and the consumer goods preferred by this generation were joined by youth literature that was clearly distinguishable from children's literature for the first time.

Under the influence of Beat literature , by JD Salinger , the civil rights movement and the cultural upheavals of the 1960s, youth literature took a radical turn towards realism in 1967/1968 and began as young adult fiction on "explosive" topics such as juvenile delinquency, drugs and alcohol to implement psychosocial problems, sexuality, dysfunctional families and other things that until then it was thought to have to be kept away from young people. Encouraged by the British author JRR Tolkien , an extensive fantasy developed parallel to the realistic youth novels , to which a whole literature of dystopian novels was added from the 1990s. What all this literature had in common was that it addressed adolescent readers in a way that particularly suited the emotional sensitivities of this age group. The ALA created its Michael L. Printz Award for the new youth literature in 2000 ; the Assembly on Literature for Adolescents of the National Council of Teachers of English (ALAN) followed in 2008 with its Amelia Elizabeth Walden Award .

The literature for the 8 to 12 year olds has been clearly separated from the young adult fiction since the 1970s and goes its own way. Since the early 1980s, it has mostly been referred to as middle-grade fiction in the jargon of authors and the book market . Since these books are subdivided into chapters, the name Chapter Books has also become commonplace for them in the 1990s , which is used in teacher jargon to distinguish books for advanced readers from reading material for beginners, which is significantly shorter in terms of text volume.

Divisions

Picture book literature

Literature for young readers had always been illustrated, but at the end of the 19th century, books for children who could neither read nor were supposed to learn to read with this material were published for the first time. One of the pioneers was Blanche McManus , who in 1895 created a picture book with the Mother Goose rhymes, which are still very popular in North America , and who found very successful imitators in the early 20th century. Early American picture books that are now considered classics are Raggedy Ann (1918) by Johnny Gruelles and The Velveteen Rabbit (1922) by Margery Williams.

In the 1930s, advances in industrial bookmaking led to an increase in the number of picture books. Famous works such as the anonymously created book The Little Engine That Could (1930) and the Madeline books (1939) by Ludwig Bemelmans have been published. The American Library Association awarded outstanding picture books with its Caldecott Medal every year from 1938 on . Numerous other successful picture books were produced in the 1940s and 1950s, such as The Littlest Angel (1946) by Charles Tazewell and the Eloise series (1955) by Kay Thompson .

Picture book literature achieved considerable economic importance when demand continued to rise in the 1960s as a result of the baby boom . Important authors of the time were Richard Scarry , Jan Pfloog, Maurice Sendak , Stan and Jan Berenstain, Shel Silverstein , Warren Chappell , Hilary Knight . In the 1970s, marked by Sesame Street and a new interest in early education, authors such as Ed Emberley , Mercer Mayer, Judith Viorst , William Steig and Donald Barthelme followed .

In the 1980s, two picture books by Chris Van Allsburg - Jumanji (1982) and Polarexpress (1985) - were so successful that they were both lavishly filmed in Hollywood. Other successful picture book authors of the late 20th century were Judy and Ron Barrett , Alice Provensen , Vera Baker Williams , Lesléa Newman , Peggy Rathmann , Peter Sís , Ian Falconer , Simms Taback , Allen Say . Current top names on the American picture book market are David Wiesner , Jacqueline Woodson and Maria Shrivers .

Literature for beginners

The New England Primer (1690): The letters A – F

Since the 19th century, part of the oral literature collection has been summarized in anthologies that were initially used primarily in home and school lessons . Although the organization of the public school system did not begin until the 1840s and compulsory schooling was only introduced in the individual American states between 1852 and 1918, an extensive network of private schools had existed since the colonial days. By 1840, 90% of the white population in the northern states was literate and 81% in the southern states .

The first important primer to be published in what was later to become the USA was the New England Primer (since 1688/90). Production of the McGuffey Reader began in 1836, and by 1960 more than 120 million copies had been sold. In addition, numerous other reading books and anthologies were published, such as B. Lydia Sigourney's The Girl's Reading Book (1838) and The Boy's Reading Book (1839).

In 1930 the teacher and writer Zerna Sharp (1889–1981) began to publish her Dick and Jane stories, which made her considerable fame a. a. owed to the fact that they were standard teaching material in American elementary schools for decades.

Arnold Lobel (1933–1987) took advantage of the children's interest in animals . With his Frog and Toad stories (since 1970) about a frog and a toad, he created a series of books for novice readers, with volumes 1 and 2 after a few years Reached millions of copies. Lobel's Collection of Animal Fables Fables (1980) received the Caldecott Medal .

In the 1980s, among the most commercially successful books for novice readers were Dinosaur Days (1985; by Joyce Milton ), Hungry, Hungry Sharks (1986; by Joanna Cole ), Titanic: Lost & Found (1987; by Judy Donnelly ), It's Not Easy Being a Bunny (1983; by Marilyn Sadler ) and the Balto book The Bravest Dog Ever (1989; by Natalie Standiford ).

In the 1990s, two series of popular short novels for novice readers were created. The Junie B. Jones novels (since 1992) by Barbara Park are about the cheerful everyday adventures of a school starter. The Magic Tree House novels by Mary Pope Osborne about two dissimilar siblings who travel through time from a magical tree house , on which they solve new riddles of world history, are also extremely successful internationally .

Also worth mentioning is Dav Pilkey , who received a Caldecott Honor for his picture book The Paperboy (1996) , but only gained international fame with the publication of his bizarre Captain Underpants series (since 1997; German under the title: Käpt'n Superslip ). This series, which consists of a series of volumes of novels and comics, is aimed at advanced novice readers and particularly appeals to the humor of six- to eight-year-old boys in a way that adults cannot understand. Are fascinating for Captain Underpants readers the "Fliporamen" with which Pilkey has equipped these stories: a kind of simple flip-books in which the children reach a motion effect by back a certain book quickly flip over. James Preller has been publishing his popular Jigsaw Jones detective stories for novice readers since 1999 .

The bestsellers in literature for novice readers currently include two volumes from the Step into Reading series by the Random House publishing group , published in 2006 : Driving Buddies and Old, New, Red, Blue! , which take up both motifs from the animated film Cars .

Every year since 2006, the ALA has presented its Theodor Seuss Geisel Award to outstanding publications for novice readers .

Middle-grade fiction

The core of American children's literature is literature for 8 to 12 year olds. Middle-grade books (also called chapter books ) differ from picture books and literature for novice readers in that they are relatively large and are divided into chapters. Since the early 1990s, this literature has been called middle-grade fiction .

Non-fictional literature for children

religion

Christianity

At the beginning of the 20th century, so-called Sunday Books were published in large numbers , which both Protestant and Catholic congregations used in their Sunday schools for religious and moral instruction of children. A House of Prayer (1908) by Florence Converse (1871–1967) is a typical example of this genre .

In the 1960s, Joseph A. Grispino, Samuel Terrien and David H. Wice put the brought out in an edition of more than 4 million children Bible The Children's Bible (1965) together. The adventure novel Where the Red Fern Grows by Wilson Rawls (1913–1984), a bestseller from 1961 , also contains strong elements of the Christian message . The most successful religious children's book of the 1970s was the Christian poetry book Poems and Prayers for the Very Young (1973) by Martha Alexander . Barbara Robinson's much-read school novel The Best Christmas Pageant Ever (1979) must also be classified as a Christian story in a broader sense .

Two of the most recent bestsellers in Christian children's literature have been two books by Bruce Wilkinson, a controversial author because of his radical evangelical positions : The Prayer of Jabez for Kids and The Prayer of Jabez for Little Ones (both 2002).

Judaism

The Jewish Book Council , which has honored outstanding Jewish-American literature with the National Jewish Book Award since 1949 , has also awarded this prize to books for children and young people since 1952. In this way, among others, a. Lillian S. Freehof's Stories of King David (1952), Deborah Pessins The Jewish People. Book Three (1953), Naomi Ben Ashers Jewish Junior Encyclopedia (1957), Lloyd Alexander's August Bondi: Border Hawk (1958), Sylvia Rothchild's Keys to a Magic Door (1959) and the complete works of Sadie Rose Weilerstein and Elma Ehrlich Levinger .

Non-fiction

Ernest Thompson Seton (1860-1946), author of Wild Animals I Have Known (1898)

Many non-fictional books for young people from the 19th and early 20th centuries deal with topics from natural history . One of the most prominent representatives of this genre is the co-founder of the American scout movement , Ernest Thompson Seton .

History books
Carl Sandburg (1878–1967), author of Abraham Lincoln: The Prairie Years and Abraham Lincoln: The War Years

The historian Hendrik Willem van Loon (1882–1944) published his book, The Story of Mankind , which was awarded shortly thereafter, in 1921 , in which he tells children the story of Western civilization. The versatile Carl Sandburg published, in addition to various fictional children's books, in 1926 the first part of his Abraham Lincoln biography, which was also designed for young readers .

Hildegarde Swift (1890-1977) published a non-fiction book about the Underground Railroad (The Railroad To Freedom: A Story of the Civil War) that received much critical attention . Genevieve Fosters (1893–1979) nonfiction book George Washington's World (1941) told the story of the American War of Independence , while Katherine Shippen's New Found World (1945) told the story of Latin America.

Arna Bontemps (1902–1973), author of Story of the Negro

In the 1950s, the Afro-American civil rights movement was formed , the aim of which was to end the racial segregation and discrimination that still existed . In children's literature, however, this topic was left out for a long time. An exception is the non-fiction book Story of the Negro (1948) by Arna Bontemps , a representative of the Harlem Renaissance , which tells the story of African-Americans from the time of the African kingdoms to the American present. The non-fiction book Frontier Living (1960) by Edwin Tunis deals with the life of the pioneers.

Elizabeth Baity's nonfiction book Americans Before Columbus (1951) tells the story of America before it was discovered by the Spaniards. In 1959 Gerald W. Johnson's (1890–1980) history book America Is Born: A History for Peter appeared , which was so successful that a sequel followed the following year.

Award-winning children's non-fiction books of the 1980s were Aranka Siegal's work Upon the Head of the Goat (1981) about the fate of Hungarian Jews during World War II and Milton Meltzer Report Rescue: The Story of How Gentile Saved Jews in the Holocaust (1988) about people in at the time of the Holocaust committed their own lives to save Jewish life.

From an important station of the African-American civil rights movement is Doreen Rappaport's nonfiction Martin's Big Words: the Life of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. (2001).

With the Pirates-of-the-Caribbean films (since 2003), pirate fabrics again came into vogue in the USA in the early 2000s . Children's book bestsellers were the “non-fiction” books Pirateology (2006) by William Captain Lubber and Pirates (2006) by John Matthews .

Biographies

Cornelia Meigs (1884–1973) published her Louisa May Alcott biography, Invicible Louisa, addressed to young readers in 1933 . Other notable contributions to biographical youth literature are by Constance Rourke ( Davy Crockett , 1934), James Daugherty (1889–1974; Daniel Boone , 1939), Ingri (1904–1980) and Edgar Parin d'Aulaire (1898–1986; Abraham Lincoln , 1939), Mabel Robinson (1874–1962; Runner of the Mountain Tops: The Life of Louis Agassiz , 1939) and Anna Gertrude Hall (1882–1967; Nansen , 1940).

Other significant biographies written for young people include America's Ethan Allen (1949; by Stewart Holbrook , 1893–1964), Gandhi, Fighter Without a Sword (1950; by Jeanette Eaton ), Abraham Lincoln (1951; by James Sterling Tippett , 1885–1958 ) and Tom Paine, Freedom's Apostle (1957; by Leo Gurko ).

Other branches

Among the most successful children's non-fiction books of the 1960s is one of Janet Gaylord Moore with the Newbery Honor excellent art band The Many Ways of Seeing: An Introduction to the Pleasures of Art (1968).

The 1970s brought a number of interesting and award-winning non-fiction books for children, such as David Macaulay's lavishly illustrated architectural book You Built a Cathedral (1973), Judith and Herbert Kohl's book on plant and animal life, The View From the Oak (1977), and Oh, Boy ! Babies (1980) by Alison Cragin Herzig and Jane Lawrence Mali , a photo essay about the experiences of a group of 11- and 12-year-old boys trying out infant care.

Best sellers were the children's reference work Macmillan Dictionary for Children (1975) and the Clear and Simple Thesaurus Dictionary (1971) published by Grosset & Dunlap, which is now part of the Penguin group . In 1989 Susan Bonners published her widely acclaimed non-fiction book, A Penguin Year .

One of the pioneers of modern American publishing is the company Klutz Press (now part of the Scholastic Group) , which entered the book market in 1977 with a novel marketing concept and began with the publication of a series of children's hobby and educational literature individual issues not only contain print material, but also a set of the required props or handicraft materials. The first volume in the series, the juggling manual Juggling for the Complete Klutz , B. three bean bags - juggling balls included. Klutz reached millions of copies with the soap bubble set The Unbelievable Bubble Book , the children's cookbook Cooking: A Very Slightly Messy Manual (both 1987), the board game set The Book of Classic Board Games and the environmental set 50 Simple Things Kids Can Do to Save the Earth (both 1990). Other companies immediately copied the concept, such as the Workman Publishing Company , which in 1987 reached a circulation of millions with the insect collector set The Bug Book & Bug Bottle .

Children's non-fiction books that were successful in book reviews were Kathryn Lasky's (1944) illustrated book Sugaring Time (1983) on maple syrup extraction in New England and Patricia Lauber's book on the eruption of Mount St. Helens in 1980 , Volcano (1986).

Among the most commercially successful non-fictional books of the 1990s were the bulky Scholastic Children's Dictionary (1996) and The Bones Book & Skeleton (1991) by Stephen Cumbaa , an anatomy atlas that came with a detailed model of a human skeleton . Two volumes in the Klutz series also sold well : Cat's Cradle (1993) by Anne Akers Johnson , a guide to thread play , and the Explorabook (1991) by John Cassity , a guide to scientific experiments.

In the book market successful new non-fiction children's books are the guide band The O'Reilly Factor for Kids (2004) of the conservative television presenter Bill O'Reilly , the animal book Growing Up Wild: Wolves (2001) by Sandra Markle and Paleontology band Encyclopedia Prehistorica : Dinosaurs (2005) by Matthew Reinhart and Robert Sabuda.

Youth literature

In the wake of the publication of JD Salinger's very successful novel The Catcher in the Rye (1951), which its author had actually intended for an adult audience, an independent market for young people's literature emerged in the United States for the first time. The Young Adult Library Services Association coined the expression "Young Adult Fiction" for this in the 1960s. The hallmark of this literature is a young main character who is hardly older than the readers whom it invites to identify, acts largely without parental intervention, experiences growing up and learns important things about himself in the process.

In addition, a particular characteristic of American youth literature is the particularly offensive treatment of the authors with "explosive" topics such as sexuality, psychosocial health, coercion and violence, dysfunctional family relationships and the problems of social outsiders.

Literature adaptations of films and television productions

A description of American children's and young people's literature is not complete without reference to books that have been adapted from films or television productions. An early example of such a film tie-in is Walt Disney's Storyland (1962), compiled by Frances Saldinger and sold millions of times . Disney book adaptations are reliable best-sellers in the US; appeared in the lists of the best-selling children's and young people's books in the 1990s. B. Disney's Little Mairmaid , Disney's Beauty and the Beast , Aladdin (all three by Ronald Kidd ), three The Lion King books (by Ronald Kidd, by Margo Hover and by Justine Korman ) as well as the volumes Disney's Storybook Collection published by Disney Press and Disney's Princess Collection . Books on the children's television series Barney and Blue's Clues were equally popular . Other bestsellers were the Official Pokémon Handbook (1999) by Maria Barbo and the band Star Wars Episode I Cross Sections (1999) with sectional views of spaceships from Episode 1 of the Star Wars film series by George Lucas . In the 2000s, film tie-ins and the like appeared in the bestseller lists . a. to Disney / Pixar films like Finding Nemo , Cars and Heaven and Chicken , but also to the Pirates of the Caribbean films, Spider-Man 2 and The Polar Express .

American Children's and Youth Literature Institutions

Research institutions and archives

American universities that offer master’s degrees in children's literature may include a. the Hollins University ( Roanoke , Virginia), the Simmons College ( Boston , Massachusetts), the Kansas State University ( Manhattan , Kansas), the San Diego State University ( San Diego , CA), The New School ( New York City ), the Pennsylvania State University ( State College , Pennsylvania), Illinois State University ( Normal , Illinois), the University of Georgia ( Athens , Georgia), and Hamline University .

The texts of many historical American books for children and young people whose copyright has now expired can be viewed and studied in online archives such as the Internet Archive and Project Gutenberg . There are also lists of children's books on the Internet whose copyright is no longer protected today.

Organizations

The organizations whose main field of activity is American children's and youth literature include the Association for Library Service to Children (ALSC; originally: The Division for Children and Young People ; founded in 1941) of the American Library Association (ALA), the Reading is reading promotion program Fundamental (RIF; 1966), the Children's Literature Association (ChLA; since 1969) and The National Children's Book and Literacy Alliance (NCBLA; since 1997).

One of the most important collections of historical American children's literature is The Baldwin Library Collection of Historical Children's Literature in the George A. Smathers Library of the University of Florida .

Children's and youth book prices

The two most prestigious children's and youth book awards - the Newbery Medal for children's and youth books and the Caldecott Medal for picture books - have been awarded by the Association for Library Service to Children of the American Library Association (ALA) since 1922 and 1938, respectively. In addition, the Association for Library Service to Children also awards a number of special prizes such as the Belpré Medal for Hispanic authors (since 1996), the Charlotte Zolotow Award for picture books (since 1998), the Alex Award (since 1998), the Schneider Family Book Award for books about the experiences of children and young people with handicaps (since 2004) and the Odyssey Award for audio books .

The Laura Ingalls Wilder Medal (since 1954) and the National Book Award, which was also awarded in the children's literature category from 1969 to 1983, have a similarly high reputation as the Newbery Medal and Caldecott Medal ; since 1997 the children's and youth book category of the National Book Awards has been called Young People's Literature (German: “Literature for young people”).

Other American children's and youth book awards include the Josette Frank Award (since 1943), the Jewish Book Council's children's and youth book awards (since 1952; National Jewish Book Awards ), the Jane Addams Children's Book Award from the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom and the Jane Addams Peace Association (since 1953), the Dorothy Canfield Fisher Children's Book Award (since 1957), the Regina Medal of the Catholic Library Association (since 1959), the Sequoyah Book Award (since 1959), the Boston Globe-Horn Book Award (since 1967), The University of Southern Mississippi Medallion of the Fay B. Kaigler Children's Book Festival (since 1969), the Mark Twain Award (since 1972), the Massachusetts Children's Book Award (since 1976), the Scott O'Dell Award for Historical Fiction (since 1984), the Phoenix Award (since 1985) and the Rebecca Caudill Young Reader's Book Award (since 1988).

Special prizes for literature for young adults include the Margaret Edwards Award (since 1988), the Michael L. Printz Award (since 2000), and the Andre Norton Award for Science Fiction and Fantasy Literature (since 2005).

See also

literature

All book titles are in English:

Literary history (American children's and youth literature)

  • John T. Dizer: American Children's Literature 1890-1940: Heroic Tales That Shaped Adult Lives , Edwin Mellen Press, 2006, ISBN 0-7734-6003-9
  • Leonard Marcus: Minders of Make-Believe: Idealists, Entrepreneurs, and the Shaping of American Children's Literature. Houghton Mifflin, Boston 2008. ISBN 0-395-67407-7

History of literature (English-language children's and youth literature)

  • Marjorie N. Allen: One Hundred Years of Children's Books in America: Decade by Decade , Facts on File, 1996, ISBN 0-8160-3044-8
  • Sandra L. Beckett (Ed.): Reflections of Change: Children's Literature Since 1945 , Greenwood Press, 1997, ISBN 0-313-30145-X
  • Jane Bingham, Grayce Scholt: Fifteen Centuries of Children's Literature: An Annotated Chronology of British and American Works in Historical Context , Greenwood Press, 1980, ISBN 0-313-22164-2
  • Dennis Butts et al. (Eds.): Popular Children's Literature, 1700-1900 , Ashgate Publishing, 2008, ISBN 1-84014-242-1
  • Jonathan Cott (Ed.): Masterworks of Children's Literature: Vol. 4: the Middle Period 1740-1836 , Viking, 1985, ISBN 0-7139-1699-0
  • Jonathan Cott (Ed.): Masterworks of Children's Literature: Vol. 5: the Victorian Age 1837-1900 , Viking, 1985, ISBN 0-7139-1700-8
  • Virginia Haviland: Children and Literature: Views and Reviews , Glen View, Illinois, Brighton, 1973, ISBN 0-673-07676-8
  • Peter Hunt et al. (Ed.): Children's Literature: An Illustrated History , Oxford University Press, 1995, ISBN 0-19-212320-3
  • Deborah Thacker: Introducing Children's Literature: From Romanticism to Postmodernism , Routledge, 2002, ISBN 0-415-20410-0

Literary theory

Collections of reading recommendations

  • John W. Griffith, Charles H. Frey: Classics of Children's Literature , Prentice Hall, 2004, ISBN 0-13-189183-9
  • Eden Ross Lipson: The New York Times Parent's Guide to the Best Books for Children , Three Rivers Press, 2000, ISBN 0-8129-3018-5
  • Paul Lachlan Peck: Classic Children's Literature for Your Home Library: 550 Years of Delightful Reading (1450-2000) , iUniverse, 2004, ISBN 0-595-33050-9
  • Donna Rand: Black Books Galore! Guide to Great African American Children's Books about Boys , Jossey-Bass, 2000, ISBN 0-471-37527-6
  • Donna Rand, Toni Trent Parker: Black Books Galore! Guide to Great African American Children's Books about Girls , Jossey-Bass, 2000, ISBN 0-471-37526-8
  • Anita Silvey: 100 Best Books for Children: A Parent's Guide to Making the Right Choices for Your Young Reader, Toddler to Preteen , Houghton Mifflin, 2005, ISBN 0-618-61877-5
  • Anita Silvey: The Essential Guide to Children's Books and Their Creators , Mariner Books, 2002, ISBN 0-618-19082-1

Web links

The following websites are in English unless otherwise stated:

General

19th century

Reading recommendations

Bestseller lists

Individual references and image sources

The sources listed below are in English unless otherwise stated.

  1. ^ Library of Congress
  2. ^ Nineteenth-Century Advice Literature ; A Pilgrim's Progress
  3. ↑ Jerry Griswold: “Heidi” & “The Secret Garden”. Retrieved October 2, 2019 .
  4. ↑ Sheldon Richman: Separating School and State , Fairfax: Future of Freedom Foundation, 1994, p. 38 (quoted from: Simpson )
  5. ↑ Natalie Standiford
  6. ^ Shannon Maughan: Navigating Middle Grade Books. Retrieved October 4, 2019 .
  7. ↑ z. B. here
  8. ↑ ALSC History ( Memento of 21 June 2008 at the Internet Archive ); Reading is Fundamental ; Children's Literature Association ; The National Children's Book and Literacy Alliance