Alliance 90 / The Greens Hesse

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Alliance 90 / The Greens Hesse
Sigrid Erfurth [1]
Sigrid Erfurth 		Alliance 90 - The Greens Logo.svg
Chairperson Philip Krämer
Sigrid Erfurth
Treasurer Martin Kirsch
Establishment date 15th December 1979
Place of foundation Loan yesterday
Headquarters Kaiser-Friedrich-Ring 77
65185 Wiesbaden
Landtag mandates
29/137
Number of members 6,160 (as of Feb. 25, 2019)
Website www.gruene-hessen.de

Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen Hessen is one of the state associations of the Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen party . In Hesse , the Greens achieved their first participation in government in a German state in 1985.

history

Prehistory and foundation

From the mid-1970s, local political groups with an ecological focus also formed in Hesse in many cases. In Hesse was based (among other Ditfurth ) the Green List Hesse (GLH) , which, however, in the state elections in Hesse in 1978 also failed at 1.1% as founded in April 1978. Green Action Future of Herbert Gruhl 0.9 %.

The top candidate of the GLH was the Frankfurt magistrate director Alexander Schubart , a former SPD member. At number 7 on the list, Daniel Cohn-Bendit was elected as a representative of the Frankfurt spontaneous scene . His application speech, in which he announced the legalization of hashish and the takeover of the Ministry of the Interior in the event of the election success , made headlines. The organic shop owner, gay activist and later member of the Bundestag for the Greens Herbert Rusche from Offenbach ran for 8th place on the list . The GAZ result fell well short of the expectations of its founder Herbert Gruhl, who had expected to "inherit the FDP" with a result of 6%.

The founding of the Hessian state association of the Greens took place on December 15, 1979 in loan yesterday .

In the local elections on March 22, 1981 , the Greens succeeded in entering the local parliaments in five independent cities and a number of district assemblies. In Kassel, where the Greens had achieved 6.7%, there was extensive cooperation with the SPD, which had lost an absolute majority. With votes from red-green, Hans Eichel (SPD) was elected Lord Mayor. The Greens in Kassel waived the election of their own full-time members of the magistrate, but agreed to all city budgets for the electoral period. In Marburg an attempt was made to forge a traffic light alliance . This failed still in the making after Jan Kuhnert took part in violent protests against the West Runway and the SPD then ended cooperation. The Frankfurt Roman Group of the Greens, which also formed the backbone of the party's organizational structure in the first few years, achieved great publicity.

The main focus of the political work of the Greens was the protest against the nuclear policy (in Hesse the planned construction of Biblis C ) and above all against the expansion of the runway west . This topic moved a large number of residents in the region. The Greens expected considerable tailwind from the ranks of the protest movement.

From the "Hessian conditions" to red-green

In the state elections in Hesse in 1982 , the Greens made it into the state parliament for the first time with 8.0% of the vote and nine seats. After the election successes in Bremen (1979), Baden-Württemberg (1980) and Berlin (1981), this was the fourth entry of the Greens into a state parliament.

The " Hessian conditions " arose from the entry of the Greens into the state parliament . The Greens came up with the promise of total opposition and were therefore not ready to take on government responsibility. The SPD turned down the CDU's offer to become a junior partner in a grand coalition . The Börner II cabinet preferred to remain executive and without a majority in office.

The Greens in the first electoral term were critical of representative democracy and defined themselves as an “anti-party” party. One expression of this attitude was the rotation principle : each half of the electoral term the MPs should leave. The successors were employees of the parliamentary group in the first half of the electoral term, the original MEPs in the second. Accordingly, half of the diets had to be paid as a mandate fee. The MPs also submitted to an imperative mandate .

Individual MPs went even further in their criticism of the system. So put Reinhard Brückner majority rule of democracy in question:

"The question arises as to whether an affected, informed and thus qualified minority does not represent the actual majority and is therefore more empowered to decide what is right and what is not."

- Reinhard Brückner quotes from the minutes of the hess. Landtag on Deutschlandfunk from January 9, 1983

In July 1982 Alfred Mechtersheimer , Roland Vogt , Gertrud Schilling and the later SPD interior minister Otto Schily (at that time still a member of the Greens) visited Libya's dictator Muammar al-Gaddafi . This visit was widely criticized. Gertrud Schilling made the negative attitude of many Greens to parliamentary democracy clear on the occasion of this visit. She declared: "We want to eliminate parliamentary democracy".

These voices were opposed by other Greens who wanted to participate constructively in parliamentary work. For example, Roland Kern was named and elected as Vice President of the State Parliament.

The conflict between the two wings of the Realos (Realpolitiker) and Fundis (fundamentalists, including radical ecologists or eco-socialists ) was to occupy the party until the end of the 1980s.

In the first term of the Greens, the Fundis determined politics. Frank Schwalba-Hoth caused a stir on August 3, 1983, during a reception in the Hessian state parliament for the commanders of the US armed forces stationed in Hesse, who sprinkled US General Paul S. Williams with blood in Frankfurt .

Talks between the SPD and the Greens about a possible tolerance of an SPD minority government were unsuccessful. Although the part of the budget that was undisputed between the SPD and the Greens was passed with votes from Red-Green as the “budget preliminary law”, the 1983 budget was not accepted by the Greens, whereupon the state parliament decided on new elections.

In the state elections in Hesse in 1983 , the Greens lost and gained 5.9% of the vote, but they clearly moved back into the state parliament. The "Hessian conditions" did not dissolve. Neither the CDU and FDP nor the SPD had a majority on their own. The SPD had clearly distanced itself from the Greens in the election campaign. “Photos with me and the Greens at a negotiating table won't even be seen as a montage,” explained Holger Börner. He was a wet shaver and had to look at himself in the mirror in the morning. Börner ruled out a collaboration with the Greens: “For me, the Greens are outside of any calculation. I am not only ruling out a coalition, but any cooperation with them ”.

At their state members' meeting in Marbach on October 1, 1983 , the political wing and the fundamental opposition wing of the Greens clashed. For the Fundis, Manfred Zieran (* 1951) requested that the state budget be rejected and that no discussions be held with the SPD. However, a motion by Karl Kerschgens to enable the parliamentary group to hold talks with the SPD was accepted by a large majority . As a result, the Fundis organized in the “Radical Ecological Forum”, while the majority of the parliamentary group conducted negotiations with the SPD. The tensions between the wings escalated when the (fundamentally dominated) federal executive committee of the party wrote to all Hessian party members before the state members' meeting in Usingen on January 14, 1984 and called for the results of the negotiations to be rejected. The Hessian state executive forbade this interference and was able to win a majority in Usingen as well as in the state members' meeting in Lollar on May 19, 1984 for further talks or a tolerance of an SPD minority government. In June 1984, Holger Börner (SPD) was elected Prime Minister with the votes of the Greens.

In December 1985, the SPD and the Greens in Hesse agreed to form the first red-green coalition at state level . The SPD politician Holger Börner , Environment Minister of the Green Joschka Fischer , the first Green State Minister in the history of the Federal Republic of Germany , became Prime Minister . The government's work was based on a coalition agreement negotiated between the parties. For the coalition negotiations see also: Shanghai puffer fish agreement .

The coalition work was shaped by a multitude of conflicts. Both the tolerance phase and the coalition time were determined by the conflict between “ Fundis ” and “ Realos ” on the part of the Greens and various conflicts between the coalition partners SPD and Greens. The opposition and parts of the press spoke of the "red-green chaos".

In February 1987 the coalition broke up over the dispute over the approval for the Hanau nuclear company Alkem . In April 1987 new elections were held.

Opposition and democratization

In the state elections in Hesse in 1987 , the Greens gained 3.5 percentage points. Since the SPD collapsed massively at the same time, the red-green coalition could not be continued and the 40-year reign of the SPD in Hesse ended with the election of Walter Wallmann (CDU) as Prime Minister. This meant that the cause of the wing battles (government participation) had ceased to exist, but the wing battles continued unabated. The wings now operated under the names "Grüner Aufbruch 88" and "Mitte-Flügel". At the latest with the turnaround , however, the Realos had fully established themselves. Jutta Ditfurth's resignation from the party in 1991 demonstrated the insignificance of the Fundi wing. The acceptance of representative democracy has not been questioned by the Greens since then. Like the entire party, the Hessian association was renamed “Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen Hessen” in 1991.

Two terms in government

The state election in Hesse in 1991 brought slight losses for the Greens, but resulted in a narrow majority for Red-Green. The reason for this was that the election was overshadowed by the beginning of the reconquest of Iraq- occupied Kuwait in the Second Gulf War , which took place on January 17th, three days before the election. The Greens were represented in the Eichel I cabinet with Joschka Fischer as Environment Minister and Iris Blaul as Family Minister . From October 6, 1994 Rupert von Plottnitz replaced Joschka Fischer. Red-Green also achieved a majority in the state elections in Hesse in 1995 . Iris Blaul left the cabinet on October 10, 1995 and was replaced by Margarethe Nimsch , who was replaced on March 24, 1998 by Priska Hinz .

Again opposition

The state elections in Hesse in 1999 brought the Greens significant losses, falling from 11.2% to 7.2% of the vote. The result contradicted the forecasts of the pollsters and led to the takeover of the government by a CDU / FDP coalition and thus to the departure of the Greens from the government.

On May 9, 2000 Tarek Al-Wazir was elected chairman of the group. Even if the Greens were able to gain 10.1% of the vote in the state elections in Hesse in 2003 , no participation in the government was possible due to the massive losses of the SPD. The state elections in Hesse in 2008 again led to "Hessian conditions". While Andrea Ypsilanti was heavily criticized for breaking her election promise not to form a government with the Left Party, the Greens, as coalition partners, were outside the criticism because they had not ruled out Red-Red-Green in the election campaign. After Ypsilanti's failure, there was a majority for the CDU and FDP in the state elections in Hesse in 2009 , while the Greens remained in the opposition.

The local elections in Hesse in 2011 demonstrated the Green's rise to become the third largest local party. In Darmstadt ( Jochen Partsch ) and Bad Homburg vor der Höhe ( Michael Korwisi ), members of the Greens were (re) elected mayors.

Black-Green Coalition 2014

After the state elections in 2013 , the CDU and FDP government, which had been in office until then, lost the majority, and the SPD and Greens were also in the minority. There were three conceivable options for forming a government with a majority: Grand Coalition, SPD / Greens / Left and CDU / Greens, the latter of which was implemented after lengthy negotiations. Volker Bouffier formed a new cabinet in which the Greens have two ministers, Tarek Al-Wazir as Minister for Economic Affairs, Energy, Transport and Regional Development and Priska Hinz as Minister for Environmental Protection, Agriculture and Consumer Protection.

For the planned new constitutional protection act and for the planned amendment of the Hessian police law , the Greens parliamentary group together with the CDU parliamentary group in the Hessian state parliament received the negative BigBrotherAward in the category politics in 2018 . Laudator Rolf Gössner judged: Your legislative initiative contains a dangerous collection of serious surveillance authorizations that deeply encroach on fundamental rights and threaten the democratic constitutional state.

State election results

State election results
in percent
15%
10%
5%
0%
State election results
year be right Seats
1978 2.0% 0
1982 8.0% 9
1983 5.9% 7th
1987 9.4% 10
1991 8.8% 10
1995 11.2% 13
1999 7.2% 8th
2003 10.1% 12
2008 7.5% 9
2009 13.7% 17th
2013 11.1% 14th
2018 19.8% 29

Government holdings

Joschka Fischer, Hessian Environment Minister 1985 to 1987 and 1991 to 1994

In Hesse, the Greens first took part in a national government at the end of 1985. With Joschka Fischer as Hessian environment minister, the first state minister of the Greens was sworn in at the end of 1985.

In the following cabinets, the Greens and the SPD formed red-green state governments.

  • Cabinet Börner III : formed the state government of Hesse from July 4, 1984 to April 24, 1987 (minority government of the SPD tolerated by the Greens from 1984 to 1985, first red-green state government from 1985 to 1987)
  • Cabinet Eichel I : formed the state government of Hesse from April 5, 1991 to April 5, 1995.
  • Eichel II cabinet : formed the state government of Hesse from April 5, 1995 to April 7, 1999.

The first government in Hesse composed of the CDU and the Greens has been in office since January 2014.

State chairwoman (state board spokesman until 2001) since the structural reform in 1991

State chairman
Period State chairman
1991-1995 Maria Marx
1995-1997 Hiltrud Hofmann
1997-1999 Sabine Giesa
1999-2000 Daniela Wagner
2001-2005 Evelin Schönhut-Wedge
2005-2013 Kordula Schulz ash
2013-2017 Daniela Wagner
2017-2019 Angela Dorn-Rancke
since 2019 Sigrid Erfurth
State Chairman
Period State Chairman
1991-1993 Jürgen Frommrich
1993-1995 Frank-Peter Kaufmann
1995-1997 Reimer Hamann
1997-1999 Tom Koenigs
1999-2000 Hartmut Bäumer
2000-2002 Hubert Kleinert
2003-2007 Matthias Berninger
2007-2013 Tarek Al-Wazir
2013-2019 Kai Klose
since 2019 Philip Kramer

Group leaders

Period Chairman
1982 - April 10, 1983 Iris Blaul
April 15, 1983 - 1987 Jochen Vielhauer
1987-1991 Joschka Fischer
1991-1994 Rupert von Plottnitz
October 11, 1994 - January 18, 1996 Friedrich Karl Hertle
January 21, 1996 - 1999 Alexander Muller
1999 - May 9, 2000 Priska Hinz
May 9, 2000 - January 17, 2014 Tarek Al-Wazir
from January 18, 2014 Mathias Wagner

people

Parliamentary group

The parliamentary group of Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen is represented in the 19th Hessian state parliament with a total of 13 members, including 6 women and 7 men.

Parliamentary group

Mathias Wagner, parliamentary group leader of the Hessian Greens
  • Mathias Wagner , parliamentary group leader
  • Marcus Bocklet , Deputy Group chairman, spokesman for social affairs, health and care
  • Martina Feldmayer , deputy parliamentary group leader, spokesperson for environmental protection and climate protection
  • Hildegard Förster-Heldmann , Deputy. Group leader, spokeswoman for building, housing and legal policy
  • Jürgen Frömmrich , Parliamentary Managing Director, spokesman for media policy and national staff
  • Eva Goldbach , Deputy Group leader, domestic policy spokeswoman

Other MPs

Tarek Al-Wazir, Deputy Prime Minister

Hessian MPs of the Greens in the Bundestag

Priska Hinz (2010)

The Hessian state association of Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen is represented in the 19th electoral term with five members in the German Bundestag .

Hessian member of the Greens in the European Parliament

literature

  • Rudolf van Hüllen (1989): Ideology and power struggle among the Greens, Bonn.
  • Björn Johnsen (1988): From the fundamental opposition to government participation, The Development of the Greens in Hesse 1982–1985, Marburg, ISBN 3-924800-05-7 .
  • Hubert Kleinert (1994): The Greens in Hesse, in: Berg-Schlosser / Noetzel (ed.), Parties and elections in Hesse 1946–1994, Marburg, p. 133ff.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erfurth and Krämer run the Hessian Greens. In: welt.de. Die Welt , May 11, 2019, accessed on May 11, 2019 .
  2. ↑ Press release : GRÜNE are happy about the sustained membership growth. February 25, 2019, accessed March 22, 2019 .
  3. ↑ frankfurt.de
  4. ↑ 1979 to 2009: 30 years of GREENS have moved Hessen! .
  5. ↑ The paradoxical term was coined in 1980 by Petra Kelly ; Petra Kelly: "The fourth party - a selectable ecological, social and grassroots democratic anti-party" in: Hans-Werner Lüdke / Olaf Dinné (eds.): "The Greens", Stuttgart 1980, pages 53-61
  6. ↑ Quote in Deutschlandfunk (interview of the week) ( Memento from November 22, 2003 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 183 kB) from January 9, 1983
  7. ↑ FAZ of July 23, 1982, quoted after the crisis of party-state democracy? , Rupert Scholz , 1983, ISBN 3110098571 , page 19
  8. ↑ Der Spiegel from August 16, 1982
  9. ↑ Die Welt, September 21, 1983
  10. ^ Coalition agreement 1985 persons (PDF; 197 kB)
  11. ↑ Coalition Agreement 1985 Contents (PDF; 6.4 MB)
  12. ↑ https://bigbrotherawards.de/2018/politik-cdu-gruene-landtag-hessen
  13. ^ Results of the state elections in Hesse
  14. ↑ ALLIANCE 90 / THE GREENS | Hessian state parliament. Retrieved February 7, 2017 .
  15. ↑ Marcus Bocklet | Hessian state parliament. Retrieved February 7, 2017 .
  16. ↑ Jürgen Frömmrich | Hessian state parliament. Retrieved February 7, 2017 .
  17. ^ Eva Goldbach | Hessian state parliament. Retrieved February 7, 2017 .
  18. ↑ Daniel May | Hessian state parliament. Retrieved February 7, 2017 .