Rombergpark

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Spring impressions with herons in Rombergpark
Park landscape in Rombergpark
Europe's largest artificial heather and moorland in Rombergpark

The Botanical Garden Rombergpark in Dortmund - Brünninghausen is a botanical garden of the city of Dortmund, whose special features are its arboretums , its collections of trees. It emerged from an old landscape park , the Rombergschen Schlosspark, into which Dortmund's previously existing Botanical Garden was integrated from 1927. The park with an area of ​​68 hectares has been a monument in its entirety since 2006 . In 2004 around 4500 wood species and varieties grew in Rombergpark.

location

The Rombergpark is located about 4 kilometers south of Dortmund city center in the Brünninghausen district . It is connected to the Emschertalaue and the Westfalenpark to the north via the Phoenix Park . Immediately to the south, the Dortmund Zoo connects to the Rombergpark. In the west, the park borders on the residential developments in Brünninghausen and Renninghausen and in the southeast on the settlement area of ​​the Hacheney district . The federal highway 54 runs northeast of the park .

Accessibility and accessibility

The park is accessible 24/7 through several entrances every weekday. The greenhouses have their own opening times. The Botanical Garden can be reached by light rail via the Rombergpark or Hacheney underground stations , and the regional train stops right at the park in the Dortmund Tierpark station .

history

Brünninghausen moated castle around the middle of the 19th century, Weyhe's garden begins in the right half of the picture
Memorial stone for the victims of the Gestapo murders

At the beginning of the 19th century, there was a garden at Brünninghausen Palace based on baroque geometry. In the vicinity of the castle there was a kitchen garden, vegetable gardens and fields, as is known from Gisbert von Romberg's correspondence with the garden architect Maximilian Friedrich Weyhe. There was a system of parallel paths within the garden. Traces of the kitchen garden are preserved in the area west of the gatehouse, which is now a designated bird sanctuary. In the center of the complex, between the castle and the kitchen gardens, there was a garden shed as a point de vue . There was a pond to the south near the castle, fed by Schondelle and horse stream. The gardens and pond are drawn in the large map of Westphalia by Karl Ludwig von Le Coq from 1807 near Haus Brünninghausen, which was recorded between 1796 and 1805.

From 1817, the economically and politically successful owner of the palace had the house redesigned in the then modern style of classicism based on plans by the architect August Reinking . Reinking came up with a first draft for the creation of a stylish garden. The Eiskeller, a grotto made of light quarry stone masonry, with presented dorising columns , which, according to the architect's design , carried an architrave , has been preserved in Rombergpark . The style of the 17th century gatehouse of the palace complex was not changed and was incorporated into the garden to reinforce the romantic character.

In connection with the renovation of the palace, the family of Baron Gisbert Christian Friedrich von Romberg had their area around Haus Brünninghausen designed as an English landscape garden between 1817 and 1824 . The layout of the park was planned and supervised by the Düsseldorf court gardener Maximilian Friedrich Weyhe , who had already worked with Reinking on other projects. The draft plan has been preserved and is in the Westphalia department of the NRW state archive. During this period, Weyhe usually visited Brünninghausen twice a year to assess the work carried out and to determine the pathways, the course of the stream and the outline of the pond with the island, arched bridge and the bastion that has been preserved to this day, as well as to give instructions for the continuation of the work. The head gardener when planting the park was Jakob Greiß , later garden director in Cologne. Buildings in the park were designed by the architect Adolf von Vagedes , who continued his work after August Reinking's death in 1819, and te Stroet.

The avenue of the garden tapers towards the point remote from the castle in order to artistically increase the depth effect of the visual axis. Weyhe developed this principle especially in Brünninghausen. The overall route made the garden appear to be part of the natural landscape. In the middle of the 19th century, the landscape garden extended along the Schondelle from the castle southwards to around Rombergsiepen. The brook valley with its flanks was landscaped. The path system extended on the eastern side into the Pferdebachtal and the adjacent forests.

In 1926, the city of Dortmund acquired the site from the von Romberg family. The then Dortmund City Garden Director, Richard Nose, planned to add a botanical garden and an arboretum to the landscape park . The Botanical Garden, which has been located in Beurhausstrasse on the edge of the city center since 1887, was relocated to Rombergpark and expanded. The Weyhe'sche landscape garden remained untouched by this. Since the 1930s, the extensive collection of trees has been laid out on the western slope of the valley above the Schondelle, thereby expanding the park.

In 1938, Richard Nose, a member of the Masonic Lodge , was put into temporary retirement. His position was given to the Nazi favorite Konrad Glocker.

In 1944 the municipal Rombergpark was badly damaged in bombing raids. Brünninghausen Castle was destroyed.

In 1945, after a wave of arrests in Dortmund, mass executions by the Gestapo took place in the Romberg Forest east of today's zoo in March and April 1945 . To commemorate the day of remembrance, the International Romberg Park Committee held a congress with bereaved relatives, action groups from other places with end-of-war crimes and foreign guests. The memorial monument Bittermark in the city forest Bittermark reminiscent of the crimes. A symbolic memorial stone for the victims was created in the north entrance area of ​​the Rombergpark Botanical Garden. As accompanying planting, white shrub roses are reminiscent of the Scholl siblings, who became known as the White Rose .

After the Second World War, parts of the Rombergpark were made available to the population as grave land in order to improve the supply of food. In 1947 and 1948 the Botanical School Garden was restored under the direction of Richard Nose, who was again in office. From 1949 the horticultural and scientific work of the Botanical Garden could be continued. At the beginning of the 1950s, Konrad Glocker presented a plan for the further development of the park, in which Nose's ideas had been incorporated. Based on Nose's planning, a valley trail, a lookout point and a main axis extending the Stoffregenallee were built. A new plan was to create a rose garden, which was to be connected to the new plant showhouses via a terrace.

In 1950, the management of the Rombergpark was taken over by the dendrologist Gerd Krüssmann . The largest collection of horticultural ornamental trees in Europe, which he assembled, established the international reputation of the park.

In the mid-1950s, Rombergpark won the establishment of the Central Office for Tree Inspection of the Association of German Tree Nurseries in competition with the municipal gardens of Essen, Cologne and Frankfurt am Main . The founding meeting of the associated board of trustees took place in Dortmund at the beginning of 1956. A woodland viewing garden was then laid out under Krüssmann's direction .

Tree ferns and woolen in the plant show house

In 1958 the plant show houses were opened in the southern botanical garden: a warm house, a succulent house , a cold house and a fern house . They present exotic and tropical plants and animals on an area of ​​1100 m². The four plant show houses and the integrated Café Orchidee as well as the botanical garden as a whole are registered as architectural monuments in the monuments list of the city of Dortmund . For the 50th anniversary of the show houses, a Wollemia forest with 35 specimens of the Wollemia nobilis from Australia discovered in 1994 was planted in the central charcoal flora house .

The Rombergpark Hotel and the Dortmund WIHOGA business schools for the hotel and catering industry were built near the historic gatehouse in 1958 . In 1959, the gatehouse of Brünninghausen Castle, which was destroyed in World War II, was restored. The WIHOGA building complex was demolished in 2008 after it had moved into a new building on the north side of Am Rombergpark street in the previous year . In the summer of 2007, Dortmund artists initiated an interim use under the title Heimatdesign with design, fashion, photo exhibitions, vernissages and gastronomy.

The Botanical Garden Rombergpark was maintained and developed close to nature between 1975 and 1990, the elements of the English landscape park are still characteristic in the northern part. Since 1951 the area has been planted as a collection of trees. All styles of the park are protected within the "Total Monument Protection", which has existed since 2006.

In 1996, the art historian Carsten Seick saw the structures of Weyhe's garden design in Rombergpark largely preserved. By using the park as a botanical garden, the foreign trees from Weyhe's time were also well cared for.

In 1980 a school biology center was attached to the park, which is visited annually by 13,500 pupils as an extracurricular learning location . In 2016, the facility was transferred to the Education Forum School, Nature and Environment , in the new building of which the Romberg Park administration and associations also received rooms. In addition, specialist conferences, seminars and lectures on the subjects of nature, the environment, species protection and biodiversity are held in the house.

particularities

The preserved gatehouse of Brünninghausen Castle at the park entrance in 2010
Bald cypress trees in Rombergpark

The approx. 68 hectare Rombergpark in the south of Dortmund, maintained by the city, offers many botanical specialties, e.g. B. a Süntelbuche , and plants from distant countries, z. B. a Chinese handkerchief tree , named after its striking flowers. The collection is essentially limited to woody plants and is therefore also called the arboretum . With the arboretums, the Rombergpark Botanical Garden gained worldwide recognition and made Dortmund known to dendrologists . Expert botanical tours of the garden are offered regularly.

At the northern entrance of the Rombergpark was the Brünninghausen Castle , sometimes called the Romberg moated castle after its previous owners. From this mansion, which was destroyed in the Second World War, only the gatehouse Rombergpark and the ice cellar remain. Between the large valley meadow and the pond in front of the exposed foundation walls of the castle, the park shows the typical image of an English landscape garden of the 19th century.

The avenue made of Dutch linden trees in this older part of the park was laid out in 1822 according to the plan of the Düsseldorf garden architect Maximilian Friedrich Weyhe . The slit-leaved ornamental shape of a red beech from 1805 with a trunk circumference of more than four meters comes from the time before Weyhe's park design. Beeches from the landscape gardening era arch over the bastion on the eastern bank of the pond .

Today, the Rombergpark, which is freely accessible all day, serves many visitors from near and far to relax. Feeding the squirrels and titmice is particularly popular in winter, as they are very trusting. In the evening hours, the illuminated park path is visited by numerous runners. The Dortmund Zoo is in the immediate vicinity .

Sculpture Die Zoogucker , start of the sculpture trail at the entrance to the zoo
Titan Arum
Titanenwurz on August 10th, 2018. At the bottom left you can see the cable of the radiator for constant temperature regulation during the colder nights; at the top right the activated spray mist for the moisture typical of lowland rainforests.
Titan arum thermal image on August 17, 2018 with a temperature of just over 30 degrees Celsius

A sculpture path has been running across the park since 2004, beginning at the entrance to the zoo with the work Der Zoogucker . The heads of the sculpture are the result of a competition at Dortmund schools. The heads of the giraffe, ibex and snake were selected from over 100 student works and cast in bronze. The sculpture path comprises nine stations, its larger-than-life figures were created by Bernd Moenikes , a sculptor from Dortmund, and enable the viewer to experience sensual experiences through climbing ropes, sound instruments and accessibility. The sculptures are largely made of wood, some with stone and metal.

In the 18th and 19th centuries, mining was carried out in the area that would later become the park area. In the 18th century, coal mining began in the Schligge colliery through tunnels in Schliggensiepen north of today's plant showhouses. The colliery was closed from 1790 to 1820, after which very little coal was mined until 1850. The mouth of the Christine & Schöndelle Erbstollen is located in the southeast of the Romberg Park, not far from the Dortmund Zoo .

In the eastern area of ​​the Romberg Park, iron-containing springs arise on a mountain slope. The water emerging here contains a high proportion of iron hydroxides . The water has a temperature of about nine degrees, which indicates a near-surface origin. There is also a spring in the western part of the park in Rombergsiepen . The natural sieving receives a strong inflow, also containing iron, from the pit water emerging from the Glückaufsegen colliery . Since the pit water comes from deeper layers, the temperature is between 13 ° C and 15 ° C all year round. The springs flow to the Schondelle , which flows through the Rombergpark from south to north. As soon as the park is reached, part of the water from the Schondelle is directed over a separate course, the Wiesenbach, in parallel and feeds the castle pond of the former Brünninghausen house in the northern part of the park. To the north of the castle pond, the Pferdebach flows into the Schondelle from the east. It is dammed within the park to form the bald cypress pond, which is used for the culture of the bald cypress that gives it its name . The trees are more than 70 years old and the entire pond area is protected as a natural monument.

In the Rombergpark there is a medicinal herb garden that was newly laid out in 1985 . Medicinal plants as well as tea and kitchen herbs can be found here. The garden includes around 400 types of plants, which are sorted according to the classification principle of a specialist book popular in folk medicine. In the years that followed, the collection gardens were expanded, a clematis collection was set up and the world's largest artificial moor and heather system was created. In the immediate vicinity of the medicinal herb garden there is a training apiary of the district beekeeping association.

Another special feature of the park are the plant showhouses, which are accessible for a fee. On August 17, 2018, around 2 p.m., the Titan Arum David opened for the first time . The bracts of the 123 cm high inflorescence were completely released. As a small tuber, David was donated to Dortmund in 2016 by the Bonn Botanical Gardens ; back then only as big as a tennis ball.

The park is part of the European Garden Heritage Network .

Statistical district

The Rombergpark is the namesake for the surrounding subdistrict of the statistical district Rombergpark-Lücklemberg . The name was chosen because the Rombergsche Schlosspark is known worldwide as the Botanical Garden Rombergpark.

gallery

  • The Rombergpark in autumn 2007

  • Cafe terrace in the park

  • Central meadow landscape with the river bed of the Schondelle

  • Blooming azalea in spring 2010

  • Gatehouse, in the foreground memorial stone for Nazi victims

  • Winter lake in Rombergpark

  • 1950s architecture, Hotel Rombergpark before demolition

  • The ice cellar with dorising pillars

  • Perspective game: the lime tree avenue from 1822 tapers off, the valley meadow seems further away

  • Spring in Rombergsiepen

  • Eisenocker leading springs in the eastern Rombergpark

  • Information board Erbstollen Christine & Schöndelle

literature

  • Stadtsparkasse Dortmund (Ed.): A walk through the Dortmund Botanical Garden , Dortmund: 1969
  • City of Dortmund (ed.): 150 years of Rombergpark. Botanical Garden - Arboretum - Tropenhäuser , Dortmund: 1972
  • Otto Bünemann, City of Dortmund (Ed.): Botanical Garden Rombergpark , Dortmund: 1981
  • Helmut Schildt: Maximilian Friedrich Weyhe and his parks , Triltsch, Düsseldorf: 1987, ISBN 978-3-7998-0050-1
  • Anne Hufnagel: Botanical Garden Rombergpark Nose-Arboretum. Concept for the long-term care and preservation of a historical collection of trees in the city of Dortmund , Dortmund, Hanover: 1990 (diploma thesis can be viewed at the Dortmund City Archives)
  • Wilhelm Heiderhoff: The Romberg family and the Rombergpark in Dortmund-Brünninghausen , Dortmund: approx. 1990 (available at the Dortmund City Archives)
  • Otto Bünemann, City of Dortmund (Ed.): Experience and understand nature. Botanical Garden Rombergpark , Dortmund: 1993
  • Historical association for Dortmund and the county of Mark: 75 years of the Rombergpark Botanical Garden. Special issue: Heimat Dortmund 1/2004. City history in pictures and reports. Journal of the Historical Association for Dortmund and the Grafschaft Mark e. V. in connection with the Dortmund City Archives. ISSN  0932-9757

Web links

Commons : Rombergpark  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Commons : Parks in Dortmund: Rombergpark  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ https://www.dortmund.de/de/freizeit_und_kultur/rombergpark/startseite_rp/index.html
  2. ↑ City of Dortmund: 75 years of the Rombergpark Botanical Garden , accessed on April 23, 2016
  3. ↑ Alexander Duncker (ed.): The rural residences, castles and residences of the knightly landowners in the Prussian monarchy: in addition to the royal family, house fideicommiss casket goods in lifelike, artistically executed, colored representations; along with accompanying text . Volume 1, Berlin: Duncker, (1857/83). [Digitized print]; Electronic resource . Berlin: Central and State Library 2006.
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g Carsten Seick: Studies on landscaped gardens and parks in Westphalia-Lippe with special consideration of the facilities of private clients. Dissertation from the Westphalian Wilhelms University of Münster in 1996
  5. ↑ The path system is drawn in Weyhe's plan from 1817, see p. State Archive NRW, Dept. Westphalia, Map Collection A, No. 19932
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g h City of Dortmund: Annex 1 to the Council draft here: Entry of the "Botanical Garden Romberg Park " in the list of monuments , accessed on April 27, 2016
  7. ↑ Carl Ludwig von Le Coq (Ed. :) Topographical map in XXII sheets containing the largest part of Westphalia [...], Section XV: Map of the Rhine from Duisburg to Wesel, as well as the area on both banks of the Lippe von Lünen to Wesel and the Ruhr from Wetter to Duisburg , measurement: from Engelbrecht, captain; von Herwarth, Lieutenant; Luck, Lieutenant; from Voss, Lieutenant; from Hake, Lieutenant; Waiter, lieutenant; Reiche, Lieutenant, engraving: Carl Jättnig the Elder Ä., Berlin 1807, Landesarchiv NRW, Dept. Westphalia, Map Collection A, No. 28579, digitized
  8. ^ Landesarchiv NRW, Dept. Westphalia, Map Collection A, No. 19932, Brünninghausen (Dortmund), castle, castle complex with park, beginning. 19th century, 20 rh. Rods = 34.25 cm 46 x 53, col. Drawing (Weyhe), Romberg No. 30, digitized
  9. ^ GeoServer NRW, Cologne District Government, GEObasis NRW department
  10. ↑ No. A 0919 and A 0970. List of monuments of the city of Dortmund. (PDF) (No longer available online.) In: dortmund.de - Das Dortmunder Stadtportal. Monument Authority of the City of Dortmund, April 14, 2014, archived from the original on September 15, 2014 ; accessed on June 13, 2014 (size: 180 kB). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.dortmund.de
  11. ↑ Ruhr-Nachrichten: Rombergpark: “Primeval” forest grows in the plant houses
  12. ↑ Terminarchiv Heimatdesign ( Memento of the original from April 25, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed April 25, 2016. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.heimatdesign.de
  13. ^ City of Dortmund: Education forum "School, Nature and Environment" , accessed on April 25, 2016.
  14. ↑ a b c City of Dortmund: Directory of natural monuments in Dortmund ( Memento of the original from August 19, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed April 25, 2016 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.dortmund.de

Coordinates: 51 ° 28 ′ 56 ″  N , 7 ° 28 ′ 10 ″  E