Brănișca

Brănișca (outdated Brănicica ; German Bernpfaff , Hungarian Branyicska or Branica ) is a municipality in the Hunedoara district in Transylvania , Romania .

Geographical location

Location of Brănișca in Hunedoara County

The municipality of Brănișca is located south of the Transylvanian Ore Mountains (Munții Metaliferi) , in the historical Marosillye district - today Ilia - of Hunyad County (Eisenmarkt County) . To the right of Mureș (Mieresch) - two kilometers north - on the county road (drum jude ) ean ) DJ 706A and the Arad – Alba Iulia railway line , the place is about 15 kilometers northwest of the district capital Deva (Diemrich) . The Romanian A1 has been running on the area of the town of Brănișca since August 2019.

history

According to Kurt Horedt and Constantin Daicoviciu , finds of a settlement that point to the Early Bronze Age were made in the area of the place . Brănișca was first mentioned in 1329. There are several quarries and processing plants for limestone , andesite and basalt on the territory of the municipality .

population

The population of the municipality developed as follows:

census		Ethnic composition
year	population	Romanians	Hungary	German	other
1850	2,643	2,575	-	4th	64
1910	4,639	4,428	121	15th	75
1956	3,472	3,457	12	1	2
1992	2.015	1.997	14th	3	1
2011	1,767	1,677	18th	2 (?)	70

Since the official survey in 1850, the highest number of inhabitants - and at the same time that of the Romanians - was determined in the area of today's municipality in 1910. The highest population of the Magyars (128) was registered in 1900, that of the Roma in 1850 and that of the Romanian Germans (23 [12 in Brănişca and 10 in Boz ( Bosendorf )]) in 1880. Furthermore, up to 1966 one or two Slovaks were registered in almost every survey , and two Ukrainians in 1956 .

Since the 1940s, the population has been falling steadily, so that in 2002 only 1,831 people were counted in the Brănișca municipality. 1,816 of them were Romanians, 14 were Magyars and one claimed to be a Lipovan . In the census of October 31, 2011, 1,707 people were counted in 882 households in the municipality.

The main occupations of the population are agriculture and forestry, fish farming and work in the quarry and processing plants.

Attractions

The wooden church Naşterea Maicii Domnului , built in 1673 (renewed in 1864) in the incorporated village of Căbeşti , the wooden church Sf. Arhangheli , built in the 17th century in Gialacuta , burned down completely on March 19, 2012, the wooden church Sf. Gheorghe , built in Boz in the 18th century, the wooden church Sf. Nicolae , built in Târnava in the 18th century , the wooden church Cuvioasa Paraschiva , built in Târnăvița in the 18th century , the wooden church Pogorârea Sf. Duh , built in Furcșoara in the 19th century , and the wooden church Întâmpinarea Domnului , built in Bărăștii Iliei in the 19th century , are all listed. The latter was built (according to various sources) in 1778 or in the 19th century.

The castle of the Transylvanian Prince Sigismund Báthory , built in the 16th century in the south of Brănişca; Georg Martinuzzi ( brother Georg ) also lived here . In 1698 the castle became the property of the noble Jósika family . During the peasant uprising of 1784 , the castle was destroyed, so that only a six-sided tower remained. The Hungarian novelist Baron Nicolaus Jósika also lived in the newly built castle (in baroque style) . There are statues from Sarmizegetusa in the castle park towards Mureș . The castle and its property are under monument protection.