Baia de Criș

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Baia de Criș
Altenburg
Körösbánya
Coat of arms of Baia de Criș
Baia de Criș (Romania)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : RomaniaRomania Romania
Historical region : Transylvania
Circle : Hunedoara
Coordinates : 46 ° 10 '  N , 22 ° 43'  E Coordinates: 46 ° 10 '28 "  N , 22 ° 42' 55"  E
Time zone : EET ( UTC +2)
Height : 250  m
Area : 89.72  km²
Residents : 2,611 (October 20, 2011)
Population density : 29 inhabitants per km²
Postal code : 337005
Telephone code : (+40) 02 54
License plate : HD
Structure and administration (as of 2016)
Community type : local community
Structure : Baia de Criș, Baldovin , Căraci , Cărăstău , Lunca , Rișca , Rișculiţa , Țebea , Văleni
Mayor : Mihaiu Liviu Gorcea ( PSD )
Postal address : St. Tribunului, no. 4
loc. Baia de Criș, jud. Hunedoara, RO-337005
Website :

Baia de Criș (outdated Baia Crișului ; German  Altenburg , Hungarian Körösbánya ) is a municipality in the Hunedoara district in Transylvania , Romania .

Baia de Criș is also known under the Hungarian names Fehérkörösbánya and Nagybánya .

Geographical location

Location of Baia de Criș in Hunedoara County

The municipality of Baia de Criș is located in southwest Transylvania, in the southern foothills of the Bihor Mountains , the eastern foothills of the Zarand Mountains ( Munții Zarandului ) and the northern foothills of the Transylvania Ore Mountains . In the north of the Hunedoara district, the place is located on the upper reaches of the Crișul Alb ( White Screech ), seven kilometers northwest of the city of Brad ( Tannenhof ) on the Arad – Brad railway line and the European route 79 . The district capital Deva ( Diemrich ) is approx. 45 kilometers southeast. The incorporated villages are located within a radius of two to seven kilometers from Baia de Criș.

history

The place was mentioned in a document in 1451 when Johann Hunyadi gave the place to the Serbian despot Đurađ Branković . In 1519 Baia de Criș ( Kőrösbánya ) became the administrative seat of Zaránd County , which was united with Hunyad County ( Eisenmarkt County ) during the county reform in 1876 .

However, the history of settlement in the region goes back to the Early Bronze Age . Three monoliths were found on an area of ​​the municipality called Fântâna Borchii by the locals . According to various statements, these were assigned to the Bronze Age (after M. Hoernes and V. Pârvan ) or the Roman Age (after G. Téglás ). Several finds made on the territory of the municipality can be seen in the museums of Deva, Târgu Mureș and Aiud . The mining of gold could also be proven in the area of ​​the municipality.

The main occupations of the population are agriculture, livestock, wood processing and mining in gold and lignite mines.

population

The population of the municipality developed as follows:

census Ethnic composition
year population Romanians Hungary German other
1850 4,288 4,041 160 50 37
1920 4,880 4,427 276 103 74
1941 5,398 5,167 110 65 56
1977 4,574 4,527 40 3 4th
2002 3,031 2,998 13 1 19th
2011 2,611 2,558 4th 2 (?) 47

Since the official survey of 1850, the highest number of inhabitants - and at the same time that of the Romanians - was determined in the area of ​​today's municipality in 1941. The highest population of Germans (103) was registered in 1920, Hungarians (678) in 1910 and Roma (36) in 1930. In addition, Ukrainians (highest population 8 in 1966), Serbs (highest population 4 in 1890) and Slovaks (highest population 33 in 1900) were recorded in almost every census .

Attractions

  • The Franciscan monastery and its church (today the Roman Catholic Church ), built in the 15th century, are under monument protection. After a fire in 1722, the church was rebuilt in a neo-Gothic style. The side altars and the pulpit are still from the old church.
  • The Unitarian Church, built in the 16th century.
  • The rural center of the village, built in the 19th century, is a listed building.
  • The Avram Iancu Village Museum, the house in front of which Avram Iancu was found dead in 1872.
  • In the town center there is a 1.30 meter bronze bust of Iancus , on a 2.50 meter high granite stone and in the park an approx. Eight meter high obelisk Avram Iancus. The bust was erected in 1925 by Cornel Medrea in place of an earlier - less successful one - made by Romul Ladea in 1924.
  • The old and the new Orthodox Church of the place.
  • The "Horea oak" in the incorporated village of Țebea . A sessile oak (today a concrete corset), of which Horea is said to have spoken to the rebellious farmers on Sunday, October 24th, 1784 . Until a lightning strike on February 2, 2005, this was a listed building. On September 11, 2005, Traian Băsescu and his younger daughter Elena planted an oak plant (about ten years old) next to the "Horea oak" - about 5 meters away .
  • The wooden church in the incorporated village of Lunca , built in the 17th century, was moved from the village of Țebea to Lunca in 1820.

  • The Unitarian Church

  • The Roman Catholic Church

  • The Avram Iancu Museum

  • Obelisk, A. Iancu

  • The "Horea Oak" set in concrete

Personalities

  • Avram Iancu (1824–1872), was a Romanian lawyer and revolutionary, one of the leaders of the Romanian Revolution of 1848 , was found dead here in town; buried in the incorporated village of Țebea, not far from the "Horea oak".

Web links

Commons : Baia de Criș  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 2011 census in Romania at citypopulation.de
  2. ^ Dictionary of the localities in Transylvania
  3. ↑ a b c Heinz Heltmann, Gustav Servatius (ed.): Travel Guide Siebenbürgen. Kraft, Würzburg 1993, ISBN 3-8083-2019-2 .
  4. ^ History of the place, on the website of the municipality of Baia de Criș, accessed on November 11, 2010 (Romanian)
  5. ^ Institute Of Archeology - Baia de Criș, accessed on November 11, 2010 (Romanian)
  6. ↑ Census, last updated November 2, 2008, p. 35 (Hungarian; PDF; 1.1 MB)
  7. ↑ Mănăstirea franciscană din satul Baia de Criş ( Memento from August 2, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) (Romanian)
  8. ↑ a b List of historical monuments of the Romanian Ministry of Culture, updated 2010 (PDF; 7.10 MB)
  9. ↑ Tebea, Gorunul lui Horea, 1975; foto V Stamate - picture of Horea oak with concrete corset
  10. ↑ Picture of the Horea oak (approx. 2004), on the website of the municipality, accessed on November 11, 2010 (Romanian)
  11. ↑ Băsescus zahrte oak in Țebea , by Ciprian Iancu in Republica, February 2006, accessed on November 12, 2010 ( Memento of July 8, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) (Romanian)
  12. ↑ 1942. Un erou al Redeşteptării Naţionale: Avram Iancu - de George Potra