Carl Christian Schmid

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Carl Christian Schmid

Carl Christian Friedrich Schmid (born May 9, 1886 in Osnabrück ; † April 6, 1955 in Meerer Busch near Düsseldorf ) was a German administrative lawyer and politician ( DVP ). Overall, he had a conservative, anti-socialist attitude.

Origin and education

Carl Christian Schmid was the son of Christian Schmid, President of the Kiel Higher Regional Court . From 1892 to 1904 he attended schools in Osnabrück, Celle and Posen , where he graduated from high school in 1904. He then studied law and administrative science from 1904 to 1907 at the Georg-August University in Göttingen , the Friedrich Wilhelms University in Berlin and the Christian Albrechts University in Kiel . In 1904 he became a member of the Corps Bremensia in Göttingen . Hans Fusban , Karl von Buchka and Melchior von der Betten were active with him . In 1907 he passed the legal state examination, which was followed by preparatory service . He was initially assigned positions at the Preetz District Court and with the Upper President of the Province of Schleswig-Holstein in Schleswig . In 1911 he passed the assessor examination with distinction at the Kammergericht .

Career

He went straight to the civil service and was the first to receive the post of deputy district administrator of the Lebus district in 1911 . When the First World War broke out in 1914, Schmid volunteered for the Imperial Navy . Here he was seconded to the directorate in Kiel . Transferred to the Prussian Ministry of the Interior in 1915 , he also worked for the Prussian State Commissioner for People's Nutrition . In connection with this, he was involved in the creation of the decree on grain, flour and bread cultivation of January 25, 1915, which recommended the massive slaughter of pigs to save grain, which earned him the nickname "Schwein-Schmid". In 1917 he was Councilor .

District Administrator

On October 29, 1918, he was appointed successor to the dismissed District Administrator of the Hanau district , Maximilian Laur von Münchhofen , initially on a provisional basis. On November 4, 1918 he took up official business. When imperial Germany collapsed a few days later after the lost war in the November Revolution, workers 'and soldiers' councils were formed , including in Hanau under the leadership of Friedrich Schnellbacher .

Schmid tried to protect himself on all sides in view of the uncertain situation in the whole empire. On the one hand, he sought support from the Prussian Ministry of the Interior - now led by Social Democrats - and the Deputy General Command in Frankfurt, both of which he visited personally several times in the following weeks. On the other hand, he tried to be accepted into the Workers 'and Soldiers' Council, which failed. Instead, the workers and soldiers' council in Hanau deposed Schmid on November 8, 1918, and on November 11, 1818 appointed the doctor Georg Wagner as district administrator and police director of the district of Hanau. But since Wagner had no administrative experience, Schmid was subordinate to the new district administrator.

Schmid defended himself against his disempowerment by emphasizing the chaos and insecurity that the workers 'and soldiers' council caused to the military and the interior ministry. The problem for him was that the workers 'and soldiers' council in Hanau - in close cooperation with the local military - got both public safety and the supply situation very well under control. The unrest predicted by Schmid did not initially take place. In order to get out of the sphere of influence of the Hanau Workers 'and Soldiers' Council, he moved the official business of the district committee - taking the district's cashier with him - to the "Hotel Basler Hof" in Frankfurt am Main . On January 13, 1919, the district council (still in its old composition and in a meeting that took place in the Römer (Frankfurt am Main)) voted for Schmid as district administrator.

In January 1919, Schmid intensified his submissions to state supervisory authorities and the military, claiming that the situation in Hanau had become untenable and calling for intervention. The Social Democrats ruling in Prussia and the Reich saw the workers 'and soldiers' councils more as competition. On the night of January 15-16, 1919, soldiers from the 18th Army Command in Bad Nauheim attempted to take military action against the ASR and its protection forces in Hanau, which failed, but the incumbent District Administrator, Georg Wagner, the hopelessness of his political situation revealed. He resigned, as did the Workers 'and Soldiers' Council as political leaders on January 25, 1919.

Schmid initially stayed in Frankfurt because he only wanted to return to Hanau after military intervention and the arrest of the "guilty". On January 29, 1919 Schmid was reappointed District Administrator and on February 15, 1919 he was finally appointed District Administrator of the Hanau district. On February 18, 1919, a USPD meeting spiraled out of control. There was a riot and looting for three days . This now moved the military to intervene, occupy Hanau on February 20, 1919 and declare a state of siege . But no resistance was offered. District Administrator Schmid was able to move back into the Hanau District Office in the wake of the military .

Associated with the office of the district administrator was its membership in the municipal parliament of Kassel and in the provincial parliament of the province of Hessen-Nassau .

In September 1919 he moved back to the Prussian Ministry of the Interior, this time as personal advisor to Minister Wolfgang Heine .

Rhineland occupation

But in December 1919 he was elected mayor in Düsseldorf and took office on January 12, 1920. In January 1923 he was arrested by the French occupying forces and then expelled. From 1923, he held a number of offices in connection with the occupation of the Ruhr held in February 1923 he was Reich Commissioner for the Ruhr struggle, in August of that year, Commissioner General of the Kingdom of the Rhine and Ruhr and also Deputy Reich Minister for the occupied territories , then Reich Commissioner for the Occupied Territories and from June 1, 1926 State Secretary of the Reich Ministry for the Occupied Territories . He remained in this position until the ministry was dissolved in 1930.

1924–1928 Schmid sat as a member of the German People's Party in the Prussian state parliament . 1928–1932 he was a member of the DVP in the Reichstag (Weimar Republic) .

District President

After the seizure of power , Hermann Göring brought Schmid back to the Prussian Ministry of the Interior on February 17, 1933, as "Commissioner for Special Orders". On May 6, 1933, he was appointed regional president in the Düsseldorf administrative region . His term of office was marked by quarrels with the National Socialist President Josef Terboven and the Gauleiter Friedrich Karl Florian . The Gauleitung took the November pogroms 1938 as an opportunity to stage a campaign against Schmid, since his wife was considered "Jewish" according to the Nuremberg Laws . At noon on November 10th, there were tumultuous scenes in front of the Düsseldorf district government (building) , in which around 3,000 members of the Hitler Youth and the Sturmabteilung loudly demanded Schmid's resignation, some of whom also forcibly entered the building. Individual participants shouted “Pig smith out” and “Down with the Jew smith, out with the Jew pig.” The evening edition of the Rheinische Landeszeitung wrote: “Then thousands of people went to the banks of the Old Guard , where they expressed their disgust with chants in chants that a civil servant employed there is still married to a Jewish woman today. ”He was given leave on the same day - formally on his own request - because of his mixed marriage , which violated the law to restore the civil service. In 1943 he was retired.

Economic functionary

He switched to business, where he was active on several administrative and supervisory boards until 1947 . These included the Süddeutsche Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft , Bergbau AG Ewald-König Ludwig and RWE . Here he took care of the interests of the three major banks Deutsche Bank , Dresdner Bank and Commerz- und Privatbank .

In 1947 he became chairman of the German Association for the Protection of Securities , initially in North Rhine-Westphalia and later nationwide until his death. In this capacity he made it to the cover of the magazine Der Spiegel . Its proximity to the big banks was criticized here. He was further and increasingly represented on numerous administrative and supervisory boards and tried to steer the liquidation of the large German corporations, such as IG Farben , driven by the Allies in the interests of the shareholders.

He died shortly before his 69th birthday and was buried in the Nordfriedhof (Düsseldorf) .

family

He was married to Edda Mathilde born on July 22, 1917. Werther.

Honors

See also

literature

  • Holger Berschel: Bureaucracy and Terror. The Department of Jews of the Gestapo Düsseldorf. Klartext-Verlag, Essen 2001, ISBN 3-89861-001-2 .
  • Herbert Broghammer: Urns are not silent. Life fates of Jewish medical families between the German Empire and National Socialism . Aachen 2004. ISBN 3-8322-2767-9 .
  • Georg-Wilhelm Hanna (edit.): The district of Hanau and its district administrators . Ed .: Kreissparkasse Hanau . Hanau 1989.
  • Hartfrid Krause: 90 years: Hanau in the revolution 1918/19 . In: Neues Magazin für Hanauische Geschichte (2011), pp. 137–165.
  • Hartfrid Krause: Revolution and counterrevolution 1918/19 using the example of Hanau = Scriptor Hochschulschriften Sozialwissenschaften 1. Kronberg Ts. 1974. ISBN 3-589-20036-7 .
  • NN: Blown to collect . In: Der Spiegel 1954, No. 35, p. Title page, 10–16.
  • Horst Romeyk: Düsseldorf government president 1918–1945. In: Rheinische Vierteljahresblätter. 44, 1980, pp. 237-299, here pp. 278 f.
  • Thomas Klein: Senior officials in the general administration in the Prussian province of Hessen-Nassau and in Waldeck 1867–1945. (= Sources and research on Hessian history, 70; Ed. Hessische Historische Kommission Darmstadt and Historical Commission for Hesse), Darmstadt / Marburg 1988, ISBN 3-88443-159-5 , pp. 62, 205-206.

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ Hanna: '' Landkreis Hanau '', p. 27, mentions January 26, 1920, which cannot be true because the Ruhr occupation did not take place until 1923.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Krause: 90 years , p. 146.
  2. ↑ a b c d e Krause: Revolution , p. 215
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Hanna: Landkreis Hanau , p. 27.
  4. ↑ Kösener Corpslisten 1960, 39/1042.
  5. ↑ NN: Blown to collect , p. 10.
  6. ^ Krause: 90 years , p. 145.
  7. ↑ Krause: 90 years , p. 148f.
  8. ↑ Broghammer.
  9. ↑ Krause: 90 Years , p. 149.
  10. ↑ Krause: 90 years , p. 152.
  11. ^ So: Krause: 90 Years , p. 152; Broghammer calls the hotel the “Schweizer Hof”.
  12. ↑ Broghammer; Krause: 90 years , p. 152.
  13. ^ Krause: 90 years , p. 153: "Call of the district council. To the population of the Hanau district. Men and women in the Hanauer Land! ”.
  14. ↑ a b Krause: 90 years , p. 154.
  15. ^ Krause: 90 years , p. 159.
  16. ^ Krause: 90 years , p. 160.
  17. ^ Jochen Lengemann : MdL Hessen. 1808-1996. Biographical index (= political and parliamentary history of the state of Hesse. Vol. 14 = publications of the Historical Commission for Hesse. Vol. 48, 7). Elwert, Marburg 1996, ISBN 3-7708-1071-6 , p. 324.
  18. ↑ a b c d Krause: Revolution , p. 216.
  19. ^ Krause: 90 years , p. 146.
  20. ↑ a b Krause: Revolution , p. 218.
  21. ↑ Der Spiegel 1954, No. 35, title page.
  22. ↑ NN: Blown to collect , p. 14.
  23. ^ Krause: Revolution , p. 218 ff.
personal data
SURNAME Schmid, Carl Christian
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schmid, Carl Christian Friedrich (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German administrative lawyer and politician (DVP)
DATE OF BIRTH May 9, 1886
PLACE OF BIRTH Osnabrück
DATE OF DEATH April 6, 1955
Place of death Sea bush