Galileum Solingen

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Galileum Solingen
Galileum (2019)

Galileum (2019)

Data
place Solingen - Ohligs
architect mvmarchitekt + starkearchitektur, Cologne
Client Walter Horn Society V.
Construction year Sphere gas tank: 1956–1957, renovation and new outbuilding: 2016–2018
height around 26 m
Coordinates 51 ° 9 '51.7 "  N , 7 ° 0' 25.4"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 9 '51.7 "  N , 7 ° 0' 25.4"  E
Galileum Solingen (North Rhine-Westphalia)
Galileum Solingen
particularities
First planetarium in a spherical gas container

The Galileum Solingen is a planetarium with an observatory opened on July 5, 2019 in the Solingen district of Ohligs . It is the first and so far only planetarium that has been installed in a disused spherical gas container . The project was supported by the Walter Horn Society e. V. , the supporting association of the Solingen observatory , planned and carried out. It is a lighthouse project within the integrated district development concept of Ohlig , which was supported by the urban development funding of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia . It is one of three regionally important extracurricular learning locations within the Bergisch city triangle and is also intended to be a meeting and event location for the residents of the district . The patron of the Galileum has been the science cabaret artist and presenter Vince Ebert since June 2014 .

history

The beginnings of the project

Since 2004, the Solingen observatory has been planning the construction of a modern planetarium in Solingen under the name Galileum Solingen. The name Galileum refers to the Italian polymath Galileo Galilei , who was the first to observe the sky with a telescope . First, a planetarium dome (diameter: 10 m) for 1.7 million euros was to be built next to the previous observatory on Sternstrasse in Solingen- Wald without public funding . In November 2008, the Bergische Development Agency and the Solingen Economic Development Agency proposed building a new planetarium and observatory in the Südpark in Solingen-Mitte . The Rhineland Regional Council took over part of the planning costs. However, this alternative failed due to the lack of prospect of funding to raise the almost 2.5 million euros for a new building in the Südpark. A ray of hope from the monument authority turned out to be the reference to the spherical gas container of the Stadtwerke Solingen on Tunnelstrasse in Solingen-Ohligs planned for demolition in autumn 2010 , although the initial cost estimate for this location was just under five million euros. On July 9, 2010, the shareholders of the Bergische Entwicklungsagentur decided to establish the Galileum Solingen as one of three regionally important extracurricular learning locations next to the Junior University in Wuppertal and the German Röntgen Museum in Remscheid . In the autumn of 2010, the Solingen municipal utility agreed not to demolish the spherical gas container in favor of the Solingen Galileum.

Gas works and spherical gas tank in Ohligs

The spherical gas tank under construction in 1957

The then independent town of Ohligs built a gas works on Tunnelstrasse from 1891 , which went into operation on July 1, 1892. A supply contract concluded by the city of Solingen, first with RWE , then with Ruhrgas AG , which was founded in 1926, provided for the existing municipal gas works to be shut down. Ohligs was also affected by the city ​​union in 1929. On July 13, 1930, Solingen-Ohligs was connected to the Ruhrgas AG network and its own operation was discontinued. Stadtwerke Solingen had undertaken to save 60 percent of the maximum daily consumption. There were also gasometers distributed throughout the city . In 1935 there were nine with a total of 54,000 m³, and in 1949 there were seven with a total of 49,000 m³. The spherical gas tank on Tunnelstrasse with a diameter of 26 m and a capacity of 64,000 m³ was built in 1956/1957 in order to provide sufficient storage space in accordance with the contract with Ruhrgas AG in view of the increased consumption. In 2009 the gas tank was shut down because gas was now procured through wholesalers and intermediate storage was no longer necessary. Since the end of 2014, the Walter-Horn-Gesellschaft e. V. Owner of the site on Tunnelstrasse and the gas tank. On a small part of the property there is still a gas transfer and regulator station of the municipal utilities.

2010 - architectural competition

On November 16, 2010, the Europe-wide architectural competition for the planetarium with attached observatory was launched. More than 170 architectural offices from all over Europe applied, of which 25 offices were selected for the competition for a total of 21,000 euros. On January 11, 2011, the introductory colloquium took place in the Ohlig festival hall, which was followed by a tour of the spherical gas container. Finally, 21 offices submitted designs, from which the jury selected four winners on March 24, 2011. The design by mvmarchitekt & starkearchitektur from Cologne unanimously took first place . This provided for the club rooms, observatory and exhibition rooms to be accommodated in a tower-like auxiliary building that was to be connected to the planetarium in the spherical gas container by two glass walkways. It was the only design with a 360-degree observation option for the observatory. The costs of the competition, 40,000 euros, were covered by sponsorship funds already received in the amount of 65,000 euros. The competition was examined in an international architectural competition study.

To prepare for the procurement of technology, delegations from the observatory traveled to France twice : on April 2 and 3, 2011 to the planetarium in Saint-Étienne , the first 3D planetarium in France, and on June 5, 2011 to the planetarium in Cappelle-la-Grande im Arrondissement Dunkerque , where the first hybrid planetarium in France was presented at a meeting of the Association of French-speaking Planetariums (APLF). On September 27, 2011, the model of the winning design was presented to around 60  entrepreneurs , interested parties and media representatives , a first group of sponsors introduced themselves and it was announced that the North Rhine-Westphalian Ministry of Economics was already issuing a qualification contract for the targeted funding amount of 3.5 million euros the urban development program. On January 11, 2012, the general planning contract between the office mvmarchitekt & starkearchitektur and the Walter-Horn-Gesellschaft e. V. signed.

2012 - Impulse for the development of the Ohligs district center

The Galileum was included as a flagship project in the update of the Ohligs Ost master plan from 1996 by the city administration of Solingen as early as the spring of 2011 . As a source of inspiration, the Galileum, with its expected supraregional appearance, also requires accompanying and supporting measures in the immediate vicinity of the location. For the construction of the Galileum, funding was sought in 2011 through the state program Take Initiative , with which projects in urban development were supported with civic engagement . The Ohligs Ost framework planning was discussed by the Ohligs / Aufderhöhe / Merscheid district council and the council bodies until summer 2011 and approved with recommendations for action. In view of the tight urban financial situation, the city of Solingen should not participate financially in the project, but should support it comprehensively through accompanying planning, contact with the grantors, etc.

In the run-up to the NRW state elections on May 13, 2012, NRW Finance Minister Norbert Walter-Borjans ( SPD ) visited the selected location on April 10, 2012. On April 26, 2012, Federal Education Minister Annette Schavan ( CDU ) found out about the planned extracurricular learning location on site.

Solingen Hbf - In the background the spherical gas container on the east side, 2010

In autumn 2012, the city administration and the Bergische Development Agency presented an integrated urban district development concept to Ohlig . The Galileum is particularly important as a lighthouse project in order to overcome the historical separation of the Ohligs city center into an east and west section, which was created by the railway line from Cologne to Wuppertal , which opened in 1867 . The urban-functional "bone principle" of the central supply area of Ohligs, which is beginning to exist, was to be strengthened on the west side of the station by additional anchors and continued on the east side by a "development axis " with the new Galileum attractors and a new hotel. The Galileum, located on the east side, will also have an impact on the gastronomy , shopping and cultural offerings on the west side thanks to nationally arriving visitors . Ohlig's integrated district development concept was discussed by the district council and the council bodies and approved by the council on February 21, 2013.

On December 13, 2012, the Geschwister-Scholl-Comprehensive School in the east of Ohligs and the Walter-Horn-Gesellschaft signed a cooperation agreement with which the school became the “anchor school” for the Galileum. On March 19, 2013, an educational advisory board was formed from representatives from schools, day-care centers , the association, the city, the Bergische Development Agency, representatives from other planetariums and specialist scientists.

2013 - New option of public funding

At the end of April 2013, the project was almost on the verge of financial failure due to the cancellation of the previously sought funding through the “Take Initiative” program. In July 2013, however, with the support of the city administration, a new option arose within the urban development subsidy as a public service facility and part of the integrated action plan of the urban development subsidy for Solingen-Ohligs. In addition, up to 80 percent of the construction costs, four million euros at the then estimated total costs of 6.3 million euros, should be borne by the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The remaining construction costs and the costs for the planetarium technology, together 2.3 million euros, had to be financed by the Walter Horn Society itself. Up to the summer of 2014 it had to be proven to the state that the own share of the construction costs of one million euros could be raised.

Galileo Galilei (1564–1642), namesake of the Galileum

At that time, the opening was planned for 2016. With the motto “Heaven is a sphere”, the Walter Horn Society started a large fundraising campaign at the end of October 2013 for its own contribution of 2.3 million euros. The campaign also includes a symbolic star purchase . A delegation from the Japanese manufacturer of the Chronos II Hybrid projector used the start of the fundraising campaign for a site inspection in Ohligs and a presentation at the Nikko Hotel in Düsseldorf .

2014 - Crowdfunding supplements donor and sponsor search

At the end of March 2014, the fundraising campaign was supplemented with crowdfunding in order to target internet users. At least 100 fans were searched for on the Sciencestarter platform of WiD gGmbH in the start-up phase. The aim was to collect 18,000 euros for the development dome for the development of the planetarium programs of the Galileum Solingen. After more than 120 fans had found each other, the two-month funding phase could begin at the end of April 2014. At the end of June 2014, 74 supporters gave 18,170 euros. Since the donations reached 690,000 euros, the hope was to have 800,000 euros as a required share of the construction costs by late summer. The solicitation for donations and sponsors in 2014 was accompanied by positive signals from the state of North Rhine-Westphalia about possible funding. In January 2014, the definitive agreements regarding possible funding were made. On May 30, 2014, the city of Solingen applied for the funding based on clear statements about the financing of the own contribution. Finally, on November 27, 2014, the state received the approval notification for 80 percent of the construction costs.

Vince Ebert - Patron of the Galileum Solingen since June 2014

At the beginning of June 2014 the science cabaret artist Vince Ebert was introduced as the patron of the Galileum. Ebert had chosen astronomy as a minor in his physics degree. He is also known as the presenter of the ARD program Wissen vor Acht , which was initially recorded in the old steam engine hall of the Solingen start-up and technology center . On October 14, 2014, the patron Vince Ebert presented a “best of” from his programs in the forum of the Geschwister-Scholl-Schule. Finally, on November 5, 2014, “Die Physikanten” from Witten performed their science show in the Geschwister-Scholl-Comprehensive School , with a sponsor enabling the 1,300 pupils to perform three performances during the day. The event marked the start of the Stern-Taler campaign week from November 8th to 16th, 2014. At the end of October 2014, the state of North Rhine-Westphalia promised five million euros for the development of Ohligs-Ost, four million euros for the Galileum and one million euros for the redesign of the area south of the new "facility for public needs" within the meaning of Section 5 (2) No. 2  BauGB . However, around 190,000 euros were still missing in donations for the own share of the Galileum's construction costs. The action week brought in 173,000 euros. Thanks to a guarantee , the co-payment could be verified for the approval authority. In terms of technology, a donation from the IT company codecentric AG made it possible in August 2014 to replace the old cutter telescope in the observatory with a state -of-the- art Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope . Codecentric AG, which had been based in Ohligs for a long time, was planning to open its new headquarters in 2016 in the vicinity of the Galileum. In December 2014, the Walter Horn Society acquired the property including the spherical gas container from the Solingen public utility.

At the beginning of March 2015 the situation for the Galileum was such that at the end of 2014 around 665,000 euros in donations or donation pledges were available. To secure the state funding, the Stadt-Sparkasse Solingen had taken on a guarantee for around 350,000 euros. However, this had to be replaced before construction began, so donations and sponsors were still necessary. In the meantime, the planning steps for the building permit could only be approached in stages.

Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope in the observatory in Wald

The development dome, financed by crowdfunding in 2014, was ordered at the beginning of April 2015. The entire hardware was picked up by the observatory team itself in order to save costs. In August 2015, the small projection dome with a diameter of 1.50 m was pre-installed with a simple video projector and the same computer hardware and software as in the future Galileum in the previous observatory. The production of programs could start before the actual start of construction. At the end of August 2015, a second crowdfunding campaign started on Startnext to collect 15,990 euros for a new mount for the Celestron C14 EHD telescope installed in 2014 , which can control and track celestial objects more precisely and compensate for wind disturbances completely independently. After it almost looked as if the action would fail, a public appeal in mid-October brought the success. 27 supporters gave 16,640 euros.

Public relations events in 2015 were a midsummer breakfast on June 21 at the gas tank for friends and supporters of the Galileum, where the more than 150 guests were able to view the still empty gas tank and experience a projection of astronomical images in it. Patron Vince Ebert had sent a video message. On the occasion of the lunar eclipse on September 28, 2015, there was another star-thaler campaign under the motto Lunar Week from September 26 to October 4, 2015. The start on September 26 at the weekly market in Ohligs was made by students of the Geschwister-Scholl -School supports. Their students also supported the children's program in the observatory that day. On October 1st they were present at the weekly market in Solingen-Mitte. On October 2nd, a project group presented their scale model of the planet at the Geschwister-Scholl-Schule. Finally, on October 3, the spherical gas container was opened as part of the WDR's “ Open doors!” Mouse campaign . The last event of 2015 was a lecture at the Geschwister-Scholl-Schule on December 15 by the project manager of the Philae landing unit , which was the first space probe to land on a comet , Churyumov-Gerasimenko . The Galileum team received subsequent recognition for its media work in 2014 when, on November 27, 2015, the State Agency for Media in North Rhine-Westphalia published the spots as part of the “Stern-Taler - One Euro for the Galileum Solingen” campaign in November 2014 were broadcast for a week on Radio RSG , which was awarded the LfM Radio Prize 2015 in the category “Local Advertising Campaign”.

The guarantee given by Stadt-Sparkasse Solingen in 2014 was gradually replaced in 2015. While it stood at around 280,000 euros on June 30, 2015, a donation of 100,000 euros from a Solinger who remained anomalous in summer 2015 significantly reduced the guarantee. The building application could also be submitted. On September 22, 2015, all important aspects were discussed in a long meeting with many participants from various municipal departments. Speculations about contaminated sites in the ground around the spherical gas container were not confirmed by the soil protection authority . The floor had been renovated twice. There were massive test drillings and independent experts verified the reports . At this time, the opening of the Galileum was planned for the summer of 2017. Thanks to the speedy processing of the complex process, the building permit was handed over to the representatives of the Walter Horn Society on December 22nd, 2015 by City Director Hoferichter in the town hall within the schedule .

2016 - start of construction

At the end of February 2016, thanks to generous support from the Bergisch economy, the guarantee was completely redeemed, so that preparations for the construction could start immediately. With a planned construction time of a good 14 months, an opening date for the end of 2017 was assumed. However, a significant part of the missing 1.3 million euros for the planetarium technology had to be collected by donations and sponsors by the end of 2016. At the beginning of May 2016 the entrepreneur and President of the IHK Wuppertal-Solingen-Remscheid Thomas Meyer announced that he would support the Galileum with his private Thomas Meyer Foundation as another lighthouse project in the Bergisches Land on the subject of education . In addition, companies in the region could use the Galileum at events in the future to share a unique experience with important business partners . He placed it in a row with regional sights such as Burg Castle and the Wuppertal suspension railway . In order to highlight the Galileum, the nationwide Urban Development Funding Day in Solingen in 2016 was postponed by four weeks to June 17, 2016 due to the conflicting dates with the Ohligser Dürpelfest . The last time the public was able to view the still empty gas tank shortly before the start of construction. At the beginning of August 2016, construction began with the establishment of the construction site.

Lord Mayor Kurzbach (* 1978 in Ohligs)

The symbolic laying of the foundation stone took place on September 27, 2016 by Mayor Tim Kurzbach , patron Vince Ebert and the board of directors of the Walter Horn Society. In his address, the chairman of the Society of German-speaking Planetariums and head of the Münster Planetarium reported on the worldwide interest of experts in the Galileum, which is evident from the fact that the Galileum is shown on the current cover of the Planetarian member magazine of the International Planetarium Society. As a gift, the head of the media dome at the Kiel University of Applied Sciences had brought a three-year license for an award-winning Charles Darwin show. So that the necessary down payment of around 350,000 euros when ordering the planetarium technology would come about in 2016, Vince Ebert supported the Galileum at the evening celebration in the Geschwister-Scholl-Schule with a “best of” from its current program “Zukunft is the future ". When Vince Ebert made an appearance in the Remscheid-Lennep monastery church around eight weeks later , he again obtained detailed information from the board about the status of the project.

A third crowdfunding campaign started at the beginning of November 2016. Via the platform Many create more the Volksbank in Bergisches Land was looking for 2,950 euros for a solar telescope . In the end, 3,888 euros were collected, of which 215 euros from the Volksbank in Bergisches Land. In February, the observatory reached the final round of the nationwide Google Impact Challenge with its educational project Download Image from Sky and finally received 10,000 euros for enabling remote access to the main telescope. Association members of the Walter Horn Society as well as pupils and teachers from partner schools are given the opportunity to control the telescope from their own PC. It was planned that the new observatory on the roof of the Galileum Solingen would have a dome that can also be opened and closed remotely. An important milestone was reached just before Christmas 2016, when the full dome technology for the planetarium could be ordered.

On February 9, 2017, the floor slab of the seven-story administration and event building was poured, via which access to the planetarium in the disused spherical gas container is made on the third floor. A good 1,800 tons of excavated earth had previously been removed and examined, more than half of which had to be disposed of as more or less polluted hazardous waste. As early as the end of January, the planned opening date had to be postponed from the end of 2017 to summer 2018 due to the scope of this work. Since the beginning of April 2017, the Galileum team has been reporting on construction progress in an online construction diary every week. On August 7, 2017, the spherical gas container was temporarily given a two meter wide and four meter high access through which 35 tons of steel for the construction of the planetarium were to be transported into the interior of the sphere. The planned opening date had to be postponed again and took place on July 5, 2019. The topping-out ceremony was celebrated on September 27, 2017 with around 150 supporters . There were speeches and a. by Mayor Kurzbach and the President of the Society of German-speaking Planetariums. Students from the Geschwister-Scholl-Schule supported the festival with music.

Old Solingen observatory in forest

The old observatory closed at the end of April 2018 so that the technology there could be brought to the new location in good time. Project management for the opening will then take place in an interim office on Tunnelstrasse . The planetarium projector from Japan is due to arrive in early summer 2018 [obsolete] , and experts from France will then connect it to the video and audio technology. At the time of the topping-out ceremony, the planned investment amount was 7.2 million euros, of which 4.7 million euros are being funded by the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. A personal contribution of 1.3 million euros was donated. The largest single donation amounted to 400,000 euros. The term of a twenty-year loan of around 880,000 euros to finance the more than 1.3 million euros expensive technical equipment of the Galileum begins in January 2018 [obsolete] , whereby the loan is to be repaid by further donations, if possible, before the opening. The property of the old observatory was already sold at the end of April 2018 [obsolete] . The sales proceeds will be used to finance the Galileum.

The Galileum Solingen

Since August 2016, a multimedia adventure world with a planetarium and observatory has been under construction in the spherical gas tank and an eight-story new building immediately next to it. The Galileum will not only be an extracurricular learning location, but also a meeting and event location for the Ohligs district.

Range of offers

Starry sky projection

In the planetarium, the starry sky is projected into the 12 m dome regardless of the time of day, weather and all environmental conditions. Using state-of-the-art technology, complex scientific relationships are conveyed in an understandable manner and adapted to the target groups at the extracurricular learning location . In addition to the natural sciences , art , culture and philosophy will also have a permanent place in the program. Thanks to the innovative fulldome technology, visitors can also be offered entertainment at the highest level, ranging from journeys through the Milky Way to rousing music programs and radio plays with cult character to concerts under the stars.

In the observatory, visitors can explore the “real” starry sky on a clear night, but also observe the sun during the day without endangering the eyes, recognize bursts of radiation, spots and flares on the sun and take high-resolution photos. Club members as well as teachers and students from partner schools will be able to use the main telescope remotely from their own PC.

Meeting and event location

As a public utility facility, the Galileum is part of the district's social infrastructure . In addition to its function as a regional extracurricular learning location , the planned uses by day-care centers and schools in the district include:

Furthermore, clubs and can citizens' initiatives of the district partners are the Galileums to premises of Galileums for club meetings or round tables to use in the context of availability. Regular offers of the Kulturbüro Solingen such as readings , music and cabaret in the planetarium as well as weekly offers of the senior coordinator of the city of Solingen have already been agreed or planned . For special occasions, events can also take place once or several times a year on the outdoor area of ​​the Galileum. Smaller open-air concerts or a “Martin's Parade under the stars” in cooperation with parishes and day-care centers in the district can be considered. In addition to the extensive library of the Solingen observatory, the library will also include the previous astronomical collections of the Solingen City Library and be accessible to residents of the district as a reference library . Another advisory board is planned for the use of the Galileum as a public utility facility. In addition to representatives of the Walter-Horn-Gesellschaft e. V. Representatives of urban development and district management , the adult education center , cultural management , the Ohligser Advertising and Interest Group e. V. (OWG), the anchor school, and by associations of the district as well as the senior coordinator of the city.

Building architecture

Visiting the planetarium is also an architectural experience. A glazed panoramic corridor around the actual planetarium offers a direct insight into the spherical space of the former gas container, so that it appears unlit like a very black hole . The spherical gas container has a diameter of 26 meters. It houses the planetarium with the dome with a diameter of 12 meters and 85 seats for visitors. For the entrance and exit of the planetarium in the spherical gas container, two glass walkways at equator height to the angular tower-like new building were planned. This access building with stairs and freight elevator is used to accommodate the additional uses of an extracurricular learning location and event center. In addition, the height of the new building has been chosen so that the horizon of the observatory lies above the apex of the spherical gas container and thus enables a view in all directions .

The basement will be home to the technical room and warehouse. On the ground floor to the third floor (access to the planetarium), publicly accessible uses are mainly intended. The foyer with cafeteria is being built on the ground floor and a multifunctional room for u. a. Seminars, lectures, etc., an exhibition area on the 2nd floor and the waiting area for the planetarium and an exhibition gallery on the 3rd floor. In this way, the ascent to the sphere is made as attractive as possible for visitors. On the first four floors, as many glass facades as possible are used to provide a view of the sphere and the surrounding area. B. both the stairs from the ground floor to the 1st floor and the stairs from the 2nd to the 3rd floor will have a glass facade. From the 4th to the 6th floor, the mainly internally used areas such as library , offices and workshop are housed. Here, too, the spherical gas container is set in scene through large windows on the 5th and 6th floors on the side facing the new building. Finally, on the roof is the observatory with a 4.5 meter dome.

Technology - planetarium and observatory

Chronos II Hybrid Projector in the Cottbus Planetarium

The star projector Chronos II Hybrid from the Japanese company Goto Inc. ( serial number 18) with video fulldome projection from the French company RSACosmos is used in the planetarium. The American company Astro-Tec Manufacturing is supplying the twelve-meter dome.

The star projector projects around 8,500 stars up to the sixth brightness class in high quality and thus all stars that are visible to the naked eye worldwide on an absolutely clear night. There are separate projectors in the system for the true-to-color display of the 21 brightest stars. It also shows the moon, sun and planets as well as 36 special celestial objects such as gas nebulae and galaxies that can be seen on clear nights. The high-tech projector weighs 380 kg and can be controlled in four axes so that the sky can be displayed at any time and anywhere on earth. The full dome projection with the "SkyExplorer" software also enables flights through the solar system, whereby the earth can also be viewed from space.

In addition, there has been a development and test dome from RSACosmos with a diameter of 1.50 meters since summer 2015. The development system consists of the actual projection dome , a simple 360-degree video system and a rendering engine ( image generator ) that receives the data from the main system and calculates it for the dome. This means that programs can be developed specifically for target groups in parallel to events with significantly lower operating costs.

The existing instruments of the Solingen observatory will be transferred to the Galileum Solingen. These are a Schmidt-Cassegrain reflector telescope Celestron C14 EHD (356/3910 mm) and a Takahashi refractor (102/820 mm) on a GM3000 HPS mount from 10Micron as well as an H-alpha system for solar observation. There is also an LX200 telescope from Meade (25 cm, f / 10) with computer control as well as numerous smaller devices for different areas of application.

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Galileum Solingen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Galileum Solingen - The facts website of the Galileum. Retrieved November 24, 2017.
  2. ↑ Galileo Galilei, named after the Galileum, website. Retrieved November 24, 2017.
  3. ↑ Günter Tewes: Observatory reaches for the stars Article in the Solinger Morgenpost from January 31, 2007. Accessed on November 24, 2017
  4. ↑ Uwe Vetter: Galileum in the Südpark article in the Solinger Morgenpost from February 1, 2009. Accessed on November 24, 2017
  5. ↑ Landschaftsverband Rheinland promotes the Galileum updates on the Galileum website from October 13, 2009. Accessed on November 24, 2017
  6. ↑ Andrea Röhrig: Galileum: Südpark plans burst , article in the Solinger Morgenpost from April 9, 2010. Accessed on November 24, 2017
  7. ↑ Description of the gas container on the website of the Gaswerkfreunde Augsburg. Retrieved November 24, 2017
  8. ↑ a b c Stadtwerke Solingen: 150 years of gas supply in Solingen 1859-2009 on the website of Stadtwerke Solingen, 2009. (PDF; 819 kB) Retrieved on November 24, 2017
  9. ↑ The history of the gas canister on the Galileum website. Retrieved November 24, 2017
  10. ↑ Architects' competition started! , Current information on the Galileum website from November 16, 2010. Accessed November 24, 2017
  11. ↑ More than 170 applications for the competition , updates on the Galileum website from December 23, 2010. Accessed November 24, 2017
  12. ↑ Introductory colloquium to the competition , updates on the Galileum website from January 12, 2011. Accessed November 24, 2017
  13. ↑ And the winner is ... , updates on the Galileum website from March 25, 2011. Accessed November 24, 2017
  14. ↑ a b Bergische Entwicklungsagentur GmbH Documentation - Galileum Solingen - Limited competition according to RAW 2004 On the Bergische Städtedreieck website, April 2011. (PDF; 3.1 MB) Retrieved on November 24, 2017
  15. ↑ Galileum: A tower next to the gas ball Article in the Solinger Morgenpost from September 28, 2011. Accessed on November 24, 2017
  16. ↑ Jean-Pierre Chupin, Carmela Cucuzzella, Bechara Helal (ed.): Architecture Competitions and the Production of Culture, Quality and Knowledge: An International Inquiry . Potential Architecture Books, 2015. ISBN 978-0-9921317-0-8 (pp. 137f.)
  17. ↑ Visit to St. Etienne News on the Galileum website on April 6, 2011. Accessed on November 24, 2017
  18. ↑ First 3D in France! The planetarium of St Etienne at the forefront of technology: On the RSA Cosmos website. Retrieved November 24, 2017
  19. ↑ Impressive presentation in Dunkerque News on the Galileum website on June 6, 2011. Accessed on November 24, 2017
  20. ↑ GOTO - RSA Cosmos: First Hybrid planetarium presented in France On the website of RSA Cosmos. Retrieved November 24, 2017
  21. ↑ Closer and closer to the stars! Updates on the Galileum website from September 30, 2011. Accessed November 24, 2017
  22. ↑ General planning contract signed Updates on the Galileum website from January 17, 2012. Accessed November 24, 2017
  23. ↑ City of Solingen, City Service Planning, Mobility, Monument Preservation in collaboration with Heinz Jahnen Pflüger, Aachen: Ohligs Ost 2011 Update of the framework planning On the website of the City of Solingen, April 2011 (PDF; 15.8 MB) Accessed on November 24, 2017
  24. ↑ Ministry for Building, Housing, Urban Development and Transport (MBWSV) of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia: Urban development program 'Take initiative - citizens make the city' On the website of the funding program "Take initiative". Retrieved November 24, 2017
  25. ↑ Council Portal Solingen: update of the master plan Ohligs East in 2011 on the site of the city of Solingen. Retrieved November 24, 2017
  26. ↑ Annemarie Kister-Preuss: Galileum is a one-time article in the Solinger Morgenpost from April 11, 2012. Accessed on November 24, 2017
  27. ↑ Günter Tewes: Impressed by the Galileum article in the Solinger Morgenpost from April 27, 2012. Retrieved on November 24, 2017
  28. ↑ a b c d Bergische Entwicklungsagentur, City of Solingen: INTEGRATED STADTTEILENTWICKLUNGSKONZEPT OHLIGS On the website of the City of Solingen, October 2012. (PDF; 32.2 MB) Retrieved on November 24, 2017
  29. ↑ Railway stations in Solingen on the website of Bahnen-Wuppertal.de. Retrieved November 24, 2017
  30. ↑ Ratsportal Solingen: Integrated district development concept for Solingen-Ohligs On the website of the city of Solingen, January / February 2013. Accessed on November 24, 2017
  31. ↑ Günter Tewes: "Scholle" is a partner school of the Galileum Article in the Solinger Morgenpost of December 14, 2012. Accessed on November 24, 2017
  32. ↑ a b Bergische Entwicklungsagentur, City of Solingen: INTEGRATED TOWN DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT OHLIGS On the website of the City of Solingen, updated version from May 2014. (PDF; 3.9 MB) Retrieved on November 24, 2017
  33. ↑ Weeks of Decision ... News on the Galileum website from July 26, 2013. Accessed on November 25, 2017
  34. ↑ Successful annual review of Christmas news on the Galileum website from December 14, 2013. Accessed on November 24, 2017
  35. ↑ A planetarium in a spherical gas container Article on the astronews.com website from October 29, 2013 with an addendum from November 22, 2013. Accessed on November 24, 2017
  36. ↑ Walter Horn Society: Fascination Starry Sky Press information on the Galileum website from October 28, 2013. (PDF; 93 kB) Accessed on November 25, 2017
  37. ↑ Walter Horn Society: “I'll give you a star” - the special kind of Christmas present. Press information on the Galileum website from November 18, 2013. (PDF; 87 kB). Accessed November 25, 2017
  38. ↑ Walter Horn Society: Fascination Starry Sky - Japanese delegation in Solingen Press release on the Galileum website from October 30, 2013. (PDF; 76 kB) Accessed on November 25, 2017
  39. ↑ Walter Horn Society: Crowdfunding campaign for the Galileum Solingen online press release on the Galileum website from March 27, 2014. (PDF; 150 kB) Accessed on November 25, 2017
  40. ↑ Walter Horn Society: Crowdfunding campaign for the Galileum Solingen - the beginning has been made Press information on the Galileum website from April 28, 2014. (PDF; 728 kB) Accessed on November 25, 2017
  41. ↑ Walter Horn Society: 18,170 euros in 60 days: successful crowdfunding campaign for the Galileum Solingen Press release on the Galileum website from June 30, 2014. (PDF; 64 kB) Accessed on November 25, 2017
  42. ↑ Sandra Grünwald: Cabaret artist takes measure at the Galileum Article in the Solinger Morgenpost from June 6, 2014. Accessed on November 25, 2017
  43. ↑ Vince Ebert is the patron of the Galileum! Updates on the Galileum website from June 5, 2014. Accessed November 25, 2017
  44. ↑ Fred Lothar Melchior: Praise for “crazy” idea Article in the Solinger Tageblatt from October 15, 2014 (print edition p. 15; online date: January 15, 2015). Retrieved November 25, 2017
  45. ↑ Knowledge show in the Geschwister-Scholl-Schule Article in the Solinger Tageblatt of November 4, 2014 (print edition p. 20; online date: January 16, 2015). Retrieved November 25, 2017
  46. ↑ Spectacular physics show with the physicists in the GSS Ohligs Updates on the Galileum website on November 6, 2014. Accessed on November 25, 2017
  47. ↑ Anja Kriskofski: Galileum missing 190,000 euro article in the Solinger Tageblatt of November 4, 2014 (print edition p. 20; online date: January 15, 2015). Retrieved November 25, 2017
  48. ↑ Walter Horn Society: Thank you! - The Solingen observatory team thanks all donors. Press release on the Galileum website from November 18, 2014. (PDF; 57 kB) Accessed on November 25, 2017
  49. ↑ Carsten Stoffel: New telescope for the observatory Article in the Solinger Bote from August 22, 2014. Retrieved on November 25, 2017
  50. ↑ Walter Horn Society: Handing over the keys at the Galileum Solingen Press information on the Galileum website from December 23, 2014. (PDF; 80 kB) Accessed on November 25, 2017
  51. ↑ Still a lot of work for the Galileum article in the Solinger Tageblatt of March 3, 2015 (print edition p. 16; online date: May 22, 2015). Retrieved November 25, 2017
  52. ↑ a b It continues ... The development dome has been ordered! Current information on the Galileum website from April 4, 2015. Accessed November 25, 2017
  53. ↑ Technik für Galileum installed article in Solinger Tageblatt from August 18, 2015. Accessed November 25, 2017
  54. ↑ Walter Horn Society: Second crowdfunding campaign for the Galileum Solingen starts press information on the Galileum website on August 31, 2015. (PDF; 280 kB) Accessed on November 25, 2017
  55. ↑ Walter Horn Society: Crowdfunding campaign of the observatory successful Press information on the Galileum website from October 28, 2015. (PDF; 73 kB). Retrieved November 25, 2017
  56. ↑ New telescope mount for the Solingen observatory on the Startnext website. Retrieved November 25, 2017
  57. ↑ June 21, 2015 - Midsummer breakfast at the Kugel News on the Galileum website from June 23, 2015. Accessed on November 25, 2017
  58. ↑ Walter-Horn-Gesellschaft: Stern-Taler: Mondwoche from September 26th to October 4th Press information on the Galileum website from October 28th, 2015. (PDF; 92 kB), accessed on November 25th, 2017
  59. ↑ Walter Horn Society: An exciting lecture about the first landing on a comet by the project manager of the mission: Philae - The landing on the comet Churyumov-Gerasimenko Press information on the Galileum website from December 9, 2015. (PDF; 84 kB) Retrieved November 25, 2017
  60. ↑ Walter-Horn-Gesellschaft: Landesanstalt für Medien awards radio spots for the Galileum Press information on the Galileum website from November 30, 2015. (PDF; 359 kB) Accessed on November 25, 2017
  61. ↑ June 30, 2015 - guarantee significantly reduced! Update on the Galileum website from July 19, 2015. Accessed November 25, 2017
  62. ↑ Huge donation for the Galileum News on the Galileum website from September 2, 2015. Accessed November 25, 2017
  63. ↑ Alexander Riedel: Galileum: building application has been submitted Article in the Solinger Morgenpost from September 24, 2014. Accessed on November 25, 2017
  64. ↑ Building permit for the Galileum! Current information on the Galileum website of December 22, 2015. Accessed November 25, 2017
  65. ↑ Guarantee replaced - construction will start in spring! Updates on the Galileum website from March 1, 2016. Accessed November 25, 2017
  66. ↑ Walter Horn Society: The Galileum Solingen needs visionaries like Thomas Meyer Press information on the Galileum website from May 4, 2016. (PDF; 579 kB) Accessed on November 25, 2017
  67. ↑ Walter Horn Society: “Ohligs live” - colorful program at the Galileum on the day of urban development funding on June 17, press release on the Galileum website on June 14, 2016. (PDF; 184 kB) Accessed on November 26, 2017
  68. ↑ Events in detail 2016 Solingen on the website “Tag der Städtebauförderung”, program overview 2016. Accessed on November 26, 2017
  69. ↑ Ohligs Live 2016 updates on the Galileum website from June 18, 2016. Accessed November 26, 2017
  70. ^ First groundbreaking ceremony for the construction of the Galileum Article in the Solinger Bote of August 7, 2016. Accessed on November 26, 2017
  71. ↑ a b c PLANETARIAN Journal of the International Planetarium Society On the website of the International Planetarium Society, Volume 45, Issue 3, September 2016. (PDF; 17.1 MB) Accessed on November 26, 2017
  72. ↑ Philipp Müller: Foundation stone laid Galileum arouses interest worldwide Article in the Solinger Tageblatt of September 28, 2016. Accessed on November 26, 2017
  73. ↑ The foundation stone has been laid. Updates on the Galileum website from September 28, 2016. Accessed on November 26, 2017
  74. ↑ An interview with the Galileum Solingen News on the Galileum website of November 22, 2016. Accessed on November 26, 2017
  75. ↑ The observatory has 50 donors for the Teleskop Artkeil in the Solinger Tageblatt of November 16, 2016. Accessed on November 26, 2017
  76. ↑ a b The sun in sight Walter Horn Society e. V. On the website of the Volksbank in the Bergisches Land . Retrieved November 26, 2017
  77. ↑ Observatory fights for 10,000 euros in competition Article in Solinger Tageblatt on February 11, 2016. Accessed on November 26, 2017
  78. ↑ Google Impact Challenge - We won! Updates on the Galileum website from February 26, 2016. Accessed November 26, 2017
  79. ↑ a b c d Philipp Müller: Galileum receives steel drawbridge Article in the Solinger Tageblatt of August 7, 2017. Accessed on November 26, 2017
  80. ↑ Walter Horn Society: The Galileum Solingen celebrates successes Press release on the Galileum website from April 5, 2017. (DOCX; 280 kB) Accessed on November 26, 2017
  81. ↑ Walter Horn Society: Galileum Solingen reaches another milestone: the technical equipment has been ordered Press information on the Galileum website from December 20, 2016. (DOCX; 111 kB) Accessed on November 26, 2017
  82. ↑ a b c The base plate is cast! Current information on the Galileum website from February 15, 2016. Accessed November 26, 2017
  83. ↑ Galileum: Construction is delayed Article in the Solinger Tageblatt from January 26, 2017. Accessed on November 26, 2017
  84. ↑ Already discovered? - We keep a "construction diary"! Current information on the Galileum website from April 5, 2017. Accessed November 26, 2017
  85. ↑ Opening date of the Galileum Solingen announced as part of the award ceremony for the exhibition competition ⋆ Galileum Solingen. In: galileum-solingen.de. 2018, accessed on October 16, 2019 (German).
  86. ^ Topping- out ceremony for the Galileum updates on the Galileum website on September 27, 2017. Accessed on November 26, 2017
  87. ↑ Thomas Kraft: “Flying Classroom” starts in space in 2018 Article in the Solinger Tageblatt of September 28, 2017 (print edition p. 19; online date: October 13, 2017). Retrieved November 26, 2017
  88. ↑ Our FAQs on the Galileum website. Retrieved November 26, 2017.
  89. ↑ Walter-Horn-Gesellschaft: Info brochure on the Galileum Solingen Info brochure on the Galileum website from February 2017. (PDF; 2.3 MB) Retrieved on November 26, 2017
  90. ↑ mvmarchitekt + starkearchitektur: Virtual tour through the Galileum Solingen , as of September 2011 Video on YouTube , published on December 24, 2014, duration: 4:42 minutes. Retrieved November 26, 2017
  91. ↑ Galileum: Construction work is progressing rapidly Article in SolingenMagazin on April 5, 2017. Accessed on November 26, 2017
  92. ↑ Star projector for the Galileum Solingen in Japan completed. Press release on the Galileum website of July 27, 2017. (DOCX; 283 kB) Accessed on November 26, 2017
  93. ↑ Development dome for the Galileum Solingen (1.8 m diameter) On the Startnext website, crowdfunding campaign at Sciencestarter 2014. Accessed on November 26, 2017
  94. ↑ Astronomy in Solingen - Something History ( Memento of the original from December 1, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. On the website of the Solingen observatory. Retrieved November 26, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.sternwarte-solingen.de
  95. ↑ Frank Lungenstrass: Arrived! Blog post on the website of the Volksbank im Bergisches Land from January 31, 2017. Accessed on November 26, 2017