List of planetariums in Germany

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Planetariums in Germany divided by size

The list of planetariums in Germany includes all planetariums in Germany that are currently in operation. The information on the day of commissioning, the type of projector , the size of the dome and the number and arrangement of the places are given for the approximately 100 planetariums (if known) . Another list includes planetariums that have either been destroyed or have already been closed. But new planetariums are also being built or planned, for more information see the section Planetariums under construction or planned .

The world's first planetarium was opened in Jena in August 1923 on the roof of the Carl Zeiss factory. The projector, which was built by the Carl Zeiss company, was located in a dome 16 meters in diameter. Two months later, the projector was brought to the Deutsches Museum in Munich for a presentation .

In Germany there are planetariums with very different sizes from just a few seats up to 300 seats. Accordingly, the number of visitors also differs, which in the case of the large planetariums can amount to several hundred thousand per year.

Explanation

Zeiss Planetarium Jena
Hamburg Planetarium
Wolfsburg Planetarium
Carl Zeiss Planetarium in Stuttgart
  • Location: The location where the planetarium is located.
  • Country: The state in which the planetarium is located.
  • Facility: Name of the planetarium or facility in which it is located. The planetarium can be stand-alone or operated by an observatory , school, museum or other facility.
  • Opening: the opening date of the current planetarium. If a planetarium was previously located elsewhere in the facility that has been closed or moved, this will not be taken into account.
  • Projector type: Indicates which projector it is.
    Various companies sell projectors for planetariums. The market leader is the Zeiss company , which offered the world's first projector in 1923. The Universarium IX model from Zeiss is currently the most powerful planetarium device in the world, which is used for large planetariums. Further projectors are offered by RSA Cosmos . With the Cosmodyssée series , this manufacturer offers mobile devices that are mostly used in inflatable     tented planetariums . Another supplier of projectors is Goto , which produces projectors for dome sizes up to five meters in diameter. The Starlab projector is used in mobile, inflatable domes. Individual planetariums have projectors that were built in-house or other projection options.
  • Diameter (ø): Indicates the size of the dome of the planetarium on which the stars are projected. These are sometimes divided into different sizes, but these are not uniformly defined: so-called school planetariums with a diameter of up to five meters, small planetariums with a diameter of five to twelve meters, medium-sized planetariums with a diameter of twelve to 18 meters and large planetariums with a diameter of over 18 meters. For mobile planetariums that are equipped with an inflatable dome, the diameter information is given in italics .
  • Number: Indicates the number of places (information differs in the sources). The number of places differs depending on the size of the dome: so-called school planetariums have up to 30 places, small planetariums from 30 to 100 places, medium planetariums from 100 to 200 places and large planetariums have more than 200 places.
  • Arrangement: Indicates the arrangement of the seats within the planetarium. These can be seats that can be partially rotated or pivoted, but also reclining areas. The places can - preferably with a unidirectional arrangement - also have a slope.
    • concentric: The places are arranged in a semicircle around the centrally located projector. The horizon is represented by the edge of the dome. This arrangement of the places is best suited for astronomical demonstrations, as the visitor can see every point of the compass evenly. With this arrangement a 360 ° projection is fully utilized.
    • unidirectional: The star projector is also located in the center of the dome. However, the places are arranged in arcs around a center point that is outside the center of the room. This orientation of the seats results in a preferred direction in which the main event takes place. With this arrangement, almost all the places have the same viewing conditions.

Visitor numbers

Planetarium projector from Carl Zeiss
Zeiss model VI projector from 1968

The annual number of visitors to large planetariums - planetariums with a dome diameter of 18 meters or more - can exceed 100,000. The number of visitors to the medium-sized planetariums is mostly between 20,000 and 100,000, whereas the smaller planetariums do not have more than 20,000 visitors a year and sometimes only carry out irregular presentations.

Large planetariums in Germany
city Surname Visitors Visitor trend
Berlin Planetarium at the Insulaner 76,285 (2019) ↓ 82,713 (2017)
Berlin Zeiss large planetarium 258,043 (2019) ↑ 224,496 (2017)
Bochum Zeiss Planetarium Bochum 304,591 (2019) ↑ 274.810 (2018)
Hamburg Hamburg Planetarium 380,000 (2017)
Heilbronn Science Dome of the experimenta Heilbronn opens March 31, 2019
Jena Zeiss planetarium 150,000 (2019) ↑ 141,786 (2017)
Mannheim Mannheim Planetarium 119,000 (2019) ↑ 105,000 (2017)
Muenster Planetarium Münster in the LWL Museum for Natural History 113,000 (2014) ↑ 107,000
Nuremberg Nicolaus Copernicus Planetarium 78,000 (2017) ↑ 70,874 (2016)
Stuttgart Carl Zeiss Planetarium 124,536 (2018) ↓ 136,000

Planetariums

The list contains all planetariums that are currently operational in Germany.

Location country Facility opening Projector type ø (m) number arrangement
Albstadt (a) BWBW BW Albstadt observatory and planetarium Oct 1985 Goto E 5 5 36 unidirectional
Aschersleben STST ST Aschersleben planetarium Oct. 1, 1976 Zeiss ZKP 1 8th 70 concentric
augsburg BYBY BY High school near Sankt Stephan March 18, 1983 Goto E 5 4.8 32 concentric
augsburg BYBY BY Sparkasse Planetarium Augsburg Feb. 22, 1989 Sky-Skan Definiti 10 71 unidirectional
bad Salzungen THTH TH Bad Salzungen Planetarium Oct. 4, 1984 Zeiss ZKP 1 8th 60 concentric
Bautzen SNSN SN School observatory "Johannes Franz" Jan. 1, 1982 Zeiss ZKP 1 6th 42 concentric
Berlin BEBE BE Archenhold observatory May 26, 1959 Zeiss ZKP 2 Skymaster 8th 38 concentric
Berlin BEBE BE Planetarium at the Insulaner June 18, 1965 Zeiss model Vb / Zeiss powerdomeVELVET 20th 291 unidirectional
Berlin BEBE BE Zeiss large planetarium Berlin Oct 9, 1987 Zeiss ZGP Cosmorama (until April 2014);
since Aug. 25, 2016: ZEISS UNIVERSARIUM Model IX
with powerdome VELVET (10 VELVET projectors)		 23 292 unidirectional
Bochum NWNW NW Zeiss Planetarium Bochum Nov 6, 1964 Zeiss, Universarium IX / Zeiss powerdomeVELVET 20th 266 unidirectional
Braunschweig NINI NI Gaussian school Dec 20, 2005 Goto NEX 2.5 12 concentric
Bremen HBHB HB Olbers Planetarium Jan. 23, 1952 Zeiss ZKP 2 Skymaster 6th 35 concentric
Bremerhaven HBHB HB Alfred Wegener Institute Apr 12, 1961 Zeiss ZKP 1 6th 30th concentric
Castle STST ST Albert Einstein Primary School Oct 2, 1974 Zeiss ZKP 1 6th 30th concentric
Chemnitz SNSN SN School planetarium Chemnitz in the Albert-Schweitzer-Oberschule 8 Sep 1981 Zeiss ZKP 2 Skymaster 6th 30th concentric
cottbus BBBB BB Space flight planetarium "Yuri Gagarin" Apr. 26, 1974 Zeiss RFP Spacemaster
(until December 31, 2012);
Hybrid projection system Chronos II - InSpace
(since June 19, 2013)		 12.5 91 unidirectional
Dahlewitz BBBB BB Comprehensive School Dahlewitz Apr 24, 2007 RSA Cosmodyssée III 6th 24 concentric
Demmin MVMV MV Planetarium and astronomy station May 20, 1981 Zeiss ZKP 2 Skymaster 6th 35 concentric
Dessau-Rosslau STST ST Astronomical station "Samuel Heinrich Schwabe" Apr 12, 1967 Since 2009: Zeiss ZKP 2P Skymaster, before: Zeiss ZKP 1 8th 42 concentric
Diedorf BYBY BY Diedorf observatory 1981 Light-emitting diodes on the dome 8th 50 -
Dieterskirchen BYBY BY Volkssternwarte with Planetarium Dieterskirchen July 26, 2014 Polaris MK1 / Sky-Skan Definiti 6th 25th concentric
Drebach SNSN SN Public observatory and Zeiss planetarium June 1, 1986 Zeiss ZKP 3 Skymaster 11 70 concentric
Dresden SNSN SN Lohrmann Observatory 1960 Zeiss ZKP 1 5 20th concentric
Dresden SNSN SN Palitzsch Museum May 8, 2014 DIY (digital) 3.5 15th concentric
Eilenburg SNSN SN "Yuri Gagarin" observatory in Eilenburg Oct 21, 1965 Zeiss ZKP 1 6th 40 concentric
Elsfleth NINI NI Oldenburg University of Applied Sciences May 12, 1980 Zeiss ZKP 2 Skymaster 9.3 34 concentric
Erkrath NWNW NW Stellarium of the Neanderhöhe observatory Aug 1, 1980 Sky-Skan Definiti 10 56 unidirectional
Flensburg SHSH SH Mürwik Naval School Jan. 14, 1986 Zeiss ZKP 2 Skymaster 6th 26th concentric
Frankfurt am Main HEHE HE Heinrich-von-Gagern-Gymnasium 1989 Self-made / Baader 3.2 15th concentric
Frankfurt (Oder) BBBB BB Carl-Friedrich-Gauss-Gymnasium June 28, 1978 Zeiss ZKP 2 Skymaster + 2 fulldome projectors 8th 38 concentric
Freiburg BWBW BW Freiburg Planetarium Dec 3, 2002 Zeiss ZMP Starmaster / + Sky-Skan Definiti 13 140 concentric
Fulda HEHE HE Hans Nüchter Observatory Oct 11, 1988 Fulldome self-construction 4th 15th unidirectional
Fulda HEHE HE Vonderau Museum May 17, 1990 Zeiss-Spacegate Duo / Zeiss ZKP-2 6th 35 concentric
Garching near Munich BYBY BY ESO Supernova Planetarium & Visitor Center Apr. 2018 - 30th directional
Gilching (b) BYBY BY Public observatory of the VHS Gilching June 2005 Goto EX 3 / projection screen - 30th directional
Glücksburg SHSH SH Menke Planetarium of the Flensburg University of Applied Sciences (University of Applied Sciences) 1969 Evans & Sutherland Digistar 5 SP2HD 6th 55 concentric
Goerlitz SNSN SN Scultetus observatory Sep 2 1989 Zeiss ZKP 1 8th 80 concentric
Gotha THTH TH Cooperative comprehensive school Gotha Oct. 24, 1989 Self-made 4.8 14th concentric
Grünendeich NINI NI Arge Maritime Landscape Lower Elbe Nov 25, 1980 Zeiss ZKP 2 Skymaster 6.3 30th concentric
Halberstadt STST ST Martineum high school Aug 31, 1992 Zeiss ZKP 1 6th 25th concentric
Halle (Saale) STST ST Kanena Astronomical Station Oct 6, 1963 Zeiss ZKP 1 8th 60 concentric
Hamburg HHHH HH Hamburg Planetarium Apr 22, 1930 Zeiss, Universarium IX / E&S Digistar 5 20.6 254 concentric
Hanover NINI NI Bismarck School Hanover May 25, 1963 Zeiss ZKP 1 6th 36 concentric
Heidelberg BWBW BW House of Astronomy Dec 16, 2011 Zeiss Velvet 12 100 directional
Heilbronn BWBW BW experimenta Heilbronn March 31, 2019 Zeiss, Universarium IX / E&S Digistar 6 / Sciss Uniview 3 21.5 150 unidirectional
Herne NWNW NW Herne observatory 22 Sep 1991 Self-made, digital 4.5 15th concentric
Herzberg BBBB BB Herzberg Planetarium Dec 17, 1965 Zeiss ZKP 2 Skymaster 8th 70 concentric
court BYBY BY Hof observatory - Self-made 4.8 - (Tent)
Hoyerswerda SNSN SN Hoyerswerda planetarium Oct 7, 1969 Zeiss ZKP 1 8th 40 concentric
Jena THTH TH Zeiss planetarium July 18, 1926 Zeiss, Universarium VIII / Zeiss powerdomeVELVET 23 261 unidirectional
Jueterbog BBBB BB Goethe-Schiller-Gymnasium 1990 Zeiss ZKP 1 6th 32 concentric
kassel HEHE HE Museum landscape Hessen Kassel Apr 30, 1992 Zeiss Skymaster ZKP 4 / Velvet Duo 10 56 unidirectional
Kiel SHSH SH Media dome 17 Sep 2003 Digistar 6 9 64 concentric
Kiel SHSH SH Star travel March 2002 RSA Cosmodyssée III 5 25th (Tent)
Kiel SHSH SH Kronshagen observatory March 8, 1984 Goto EX 3 3 15th concentric
Cologne NWNW NW Cologne planetarium Dec. 1, 1965 Zeiss ZKP 1 6th 30th concentric
Laupheim BWBW BW Laupheim observatory and planetarium May 15, 1990 Zeiss ZKP 4 LED / VELVET Duo 10 62 unidirectional
Empty NINI NI Nautical school 1960 Zeiss ZKP 1 6th 30th concentric
Lichtenstein SNSN SN Minikosmos GbR Jan. 26, 2007 Zeiss ZKP 4 Skymaster / Zeiss powerdomeSPACEGATE 12 100 concentric
Luebz MVMV MV Planetarium Lübz May 31, 1980 Zeiss ZKP 1 8th 51 concentric
Magdeburg STST ST Primary school on the Kannenstieg Sep 2 1977 Zeiss ZKP 2 Skymaster 6th 35 concentric
Mainz (a) RPRP RP Astronomical study group 8 Sep 1992 Zeiss ZKP 1 6th 30th concentric
Mannheim BWBW BW Mannheim Planetarium Dec 2, 1984 Zeiss, Universarium IX 20th 277 concentric
Marburg HEHE HE Philipps University of Marburg Feb 1998 Self-made 5 20th concentric
Marburg HEHE HE Grammar School Philippinum Marburg 1989 Goto EX 3 4th 12 concentric
Merseburg STST ST Merseburg Planetarium Oct 7, 1969 Zeiss ZKP 1 8th 50 concentric
Moers NWNW NW Moers Astronomical Organization 2006 Goto E 5 5 30th concentric
Mülheim an der Ruhr NWNW NW Realschule city center Sep 2004 RSA Cosmodyssée III 6th 15th concentric
Munich BYBY BY German museum May 7, 1925 Zeiss ZKP 4 / Zeiss Velvet 15th 174 concentric
Munich BYBY BY Bavarian public observatory in Munich May 31, 1972 Zeiss ZKP 1 4.3 30th concentric
Muenster NWNW NW LWL Museum for Natural History Nov 13, 1981 Zeiss, Universarium VIII / Sky-Skan Definiti 20th 280 concentric
Neuenhaus NINI NI Neuenhaus observatory Aug 10, 2005 Projector system for full-dome projection 5 35 concentric
Neustadt / Rbge. (a) NINI NI Gauss high school Feb 1998 Self-made 4th 20th concentric
Nordenham NINI NI Nordenham High School Sep 1990 Zeiss ZKP 1 6th 35 concentric
Nordhausen THTH TH Herder High School 1982 Self-made 5.4 27 concentric
Nuremberg BYBY BY Nicolaus Copernicus Planetarium Dec 11, 1961 ZEISS Model III (converted projector from the first planetarium)
since 1977: Zeiss Model V since 2010: also Sky-Skan Definiti 4k		 18th 230 unidirectional
Osnabrück NINI NI Museum on the Schölerberg Aug 25, 1986 Zeiss ZKP 4 Skymaster 8th 63 concentric
Pfaffenhofen ad Ilm BYBY BY Mobile Planetarium Wieck 1st March 2018 LT Starlab 5 30th (Tent)
Pirna SNSN SN Planetarium of the Ev. Primary school Pirna 1967 Self-made 4.4 21st concentric
Potsdam BBBB BB Urania Planetarium Potsdam Jan 15, 2007 Zeiss ZKP 2 Skymaster / Zeiss powerdomeSPACEGATE 8th 50 concentric
Radebeul SNSN SN Public observatory "Adolph Diesterweg" Oct 3, 1969 Zeiss ZKP 4 (with LED lighting) 8th 66 concentric
Recklinghausen NWNW NW Public observatory in Recklinghausen Oct 15, 1966 Zeiss ZKP 2 Skymaster 8th 74 concentric
Reutlingen BWBW BW Reutlingen Observatory 1967 Goto E 5 4th 25th concentric
Rostock MVMV MV Astronomical station "Tycho Brahe" Aug 28, 1965 Zeiss ZKP 1 6th 30th concentric
Rodewisch SNSN SN School observatory Rodewisch Apr. 14, 1985 Zeiss ZKP 2 Skymaster 8th 60 concentric
Schkeuditz SNSN SN Astronomical Center Schkeuditz Oct 13, 1978 Zeiss ZKP 2 Skymaster 8th 58 concentric
Schneeberg SNSN SN Zeiss planetarium and observatory Nov 26, 1976 Zeiss ZKP 3 Skymaster 8th 50 concentric
Schwerin MVMV MV Adult Education Center Ehm Welk Oct 2, 1962 Zeiss ZKP 2 Skymaster 8th 53 concentric
Sessenbach RPRP RP Sessenbach observatory Aug 2004 RSA Cosmodyssée III 5 35 concentric; tent
Solingen NWNW NW Galileum Solingen 5th July 2019 Goto Chronos II - RSA Cosmos InSpaceSystem 12 86 unidirectional
Stralsund MVMV MV Stralsund University 1954 Zeiss ZKP 1 6th 25th concentric
Strausberg (b) BBBB BB Theodor Fontane High School Dec 20, 1963 - 6th - -
Streitheim BYBY BY Volkssternwarte and Planetarium Streitheim Feb. 1, 2015 Zeiss ZKP 1 5 30th concentric
Stuttgart BWBW BW Carl Zeiss Planetarium Apr 22, 1977 ZEISS Model VI A
since 2001: ZEISS UNIVERSARIUM Model IX since 2016 additionally
with powerdome VELVET (9 VELVET projectors)		 20th 277 concentric
Suhl THTH TH School and public observatory June 14, 1969 Zeiss ZKP 2 Skymaster 8th 56 concentric
Torgelow MVMV MV Ueckermünde high school 3rd June 1993 Zeiss ZKP 1 6th 28 concentric
Violau BYBY BY Brother Klaus home planetarium 1975 Zeiss ZKP 1 4.5 26th concentric
Ursensollen BYBY BY Planetarium with Ursensollen observatory December 12, 2019 Sky-Skan Definiti 6.6 30th unidirectional
Uslar NINI NI Uslar planetarium (sponsorship group Planetarium Göttingen e.V.) May 9, 2015 - 6th 30th -
Cheeks STST ST Ark nebra June 20, 2007 definiti twin 7th 40 unidirectional
Wernigerode STST ST Harz Planetarium Oct 3, 1972 Zeiss ZKP 1 8th 70 concentric
Wittenberg STST ST Rosa Luxemburg secondary school Sep 1 1987 Zeiss ZKP 1 6th 35 concentric
Wolfsburg NINI NI Wolfsburg Planetarium Dec. 1, 1983 Zeiss ZMP Starmaster / Zeiss powerdome VELVET
with Evans & Sutherland Digistar 5		 15th 148 unidirectional
Zeulenroda THTH TH Star hour mobile 1996 LT Starlab 4.2 20th (Tent)
Zwickau SNSN SN Zwickau school observatory 1984 Zeiss ZKP 1 6th 30th concentric
(a) Currently out of order.
(b) Currently out of order due to the lack of a dome.

Closed or destroyed planetariums

The list contains planetariums in Germany that were destroyed during World War II or closed for other reasons.

Location country Facility opening Projector type ø (m) number closure
Barmen (a) ( Wuppertal ) NWNW NW Barmen Planetarium May 18, 1926 Zeiss model II 24.7 over 600 May 30, 1943
Bautzen SNSN SN Schiller School May 25, 1964 Zeiss ZKP 1 - - 1981
Berlin (a) BEBE BE Planetarium at the Zoo station Nov 27, 1926 Zeiss model II 25th 420 1945
Dresden SNSN SN Urban planetarium July 24, 1926 Zeiss model II - - 1933
Dusseldorf (a) NWNW NW Planetarium in the Rheinhalle May 23, 1926 Zeiss model II - - 1943
Freiburg im Breisgau (b) BWBW BW Richard Fehrenbach Planetarium March 14, 1975 Self-made - 80 March 12, 2002
Halle (Saale) (c) STST ST "Sigmund Jähn" space flight planetarium Nov 10, 1978 Zeiss RFP-DP Spacemaster 12.5 166 2013
Hanover (a) NINI NI Scoreboard high-rise Apr 29, 1928 Zeiss model II - - March 28, 1945
Jena (d) THTH TH Carl-Zeiss AG (factory building) Aug 1923 Zeiss model I. 16 - Oct. 1923
Kiel (b) SHSH SH University of Applied Sciences in Knooper Weg Jan. 6, 1969 Zeiss ZKP 2P Skymaster 6th 35 Dec 15, 2002
Leipzig (a) SNSN SN Planetarium at the zoo May 20, 1926 Zeiss model II - 600 Dec. 4, 1943
Leipzig SNSN SN Planetarium in the zoo May 15, 1992 Zeiss ZKP 2P - - March 31, 1996
Lindenthal SNSN SN Alfred Kästner School 1957 Self-made - - 1984
Mannheim (a) BWBW BW Planetarium in Luisenpark March 22, 1927 Zeiss model II 24.5 514 23 Sep 1943
Munich (d) BYBY BY German museum Oct 21, 1923 Zeiss model I. - - 1924
Munich (e) BYBY BY Forum of technology Dec 9, 1993 Zeiss model VII 20th 269 Feb 23, 2005
Nuremberg BYBY BY Nuremberg Planetarium Apr 10, 1927 Zeiss model II 23 - Dec. 1, 1933
Potsdam (b) BBBB BB Urania planetarium 1968 Zeiss ZKP 2 8th 50 Dec 20, 2006
Senftenberg (f) BBBB BB Senftenberg Planetarium Sep 10 1966 Zeiss ZKP 1 8th 60 2015
Stuttgart (a) BWBW BW Planetarium in the Hindenburg building May 16, 1928 Zeiss model II - 500 1943
Wustrow (g) MVMV MV Nautical school 1964 Zeiss ZKP 2 Skymaster 6th 24 1992
(a)In World War II damaged or destroyed.
(b) Closure due to new building elsewhere.
(c) Demolished after flood damage, new building planned elsewhere.
(d) Test operation.
(e) Insolvency.
(f) Closed due to lack of funds for renovation and operation, demolition planned.
(G)Out of service since 1992 due to the closure of a part of the university. An originally planned restart of the planetarium is questionable.

Planetariums under construction or planned

The “Sigmund Jähn” space flight planetarium in Halle (Saale) , which was damaged in the floods in 2013 , has to be demolished. In January 2019, the groundbreaking ceremony for the replacement of the old gasometer on the wood yard was set, and the opening is scheduled for mid-2021.

Although the Göttingen Planetarium Support Group has been operating the first planetarium in the Southern Lower Saxony region in the Kulturscheune at Gut Steimke near Uslar since May 2015 , the plans for a “Science Dome” in Göttingen have not been abandoned. The project was given a boost when plans for a “Knowledge Forum” in the former Natural History Museum of the University of Göttingen became concrete. However, the “Science Dome” is not included in the first construction phase. The funds required for this were approved in November 2019, and the “Knowledge Forum” is expected to open in autumn 2020.

The Planetarium Society Ostwestfalen-Lippe e. V., Paderborn , aims to build a planetarium in Ostwestfalen-Lippe . The plan to build an infotainment dome with a planetarium and restaurant in the Rietberger Gartenschaupark was rejected by the Rietberg City Council in December 2016 due to unrecognizable opportunities for realization.

Web links

Commons : Planetariums in Germany  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ History of the Planetariums ( Memento from September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  2. ↑ ( Page no longer available , search in web archives: Zeiss - Where can planetariums be found? )@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.zeiss.de
  3. ↑ ( Page no longer available , search in web archives: Zeiss - Universarium )@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.zeiss.de
  4. ↑ Cosmodyssée ( Memento from September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  5. ↑ a b ( page no longer available , search in web archives: ZEISS - What makes planetariums different? )@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.zeiss.de
  6. ↑ a b Planetarium Club - Die Raumarchitektur ( Memento from September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  7. ↑ a b planetarium.berlin Retrieved on February 4, 2020
  8. ↑ Press release City of Bochum Retrieved on February 4, 2020
  9. ↑ Press release City of Bochum
  10. ^ Friederike Ulrich: After the renovation, more visitors to the planetarium than ever before . ( Abendblatt.de [accessed on February 15, 2018]).
  11. ↑ Planetarium sets record number of visitors: New show starts. Retrieved January 27, 2020
  12. ↑ A view of the sky: the planetarium in Jena attracts more visitors. Accessed April 4, 2019
  13. ↑ Mannheim: Planetarium records record number of visitors. Accessed February 4, 2020
  14. ↑ Augusta-Anlage as planet avenue. Accessed on April 4, 2019
  15. ↑ Press release Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe Accessed on February 4, 2020
  16. ↑ Rock shows and classical sounds. Accessed February 4, 2020
  17. ↑ Heavenly visitor numbers: Rush to the planetarium. Accessed April 4, 2019
  18. ↑ State Capital Stuttgart - Draft Double Budget 2020/2021 (PDF) (PDF) Retrieved on February 4, 2020
  19. ↑ The future of the planetarium is uncertain
  20. ↑ fulda.de
  21. ↑ Menke Planetarium of the Flensburg University of Applied Sciences (accessed on April 27, 2011)
  22. ^ Opening of the planetarium at Gut Steimke near Uslar Press release by the Society for the Promotion of Planetarium Göttingen e. V. (May 4, 2015).
  23. ↑ Chronicle from 1923-2006. ( Memento from April 1, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Planetarium-Online
  24. ^ Nürnberger Astronomische Gesellschaft (NAG) e. V .: Astronomy in Nuremberg - history. In: astronomie-nuernberg.de. Retrieved January 8, 2017 .
  25. ↑ Silvia Zöller: Demolition after flooding: no salvation for shell construction of the planetarium . In: Mitteldeutsche Zeitung , April 13, 2017; accessed December 10, 2017
  26. ↑ Mitteldeutsche Zeitung, January 21, 2019
  27. ↑ Halle (Saale) planetarium. City of Halle (Saale), accessed on April 19, 2020 .
  28. ↑ Sponsorship group Planetarium Göttingen e. V. On the website of the Göttingen Planetarium Support Group. Retrieved December 10, 2017
  29. ↑ Science Dome in Göttingen ( Memento from October 1, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Concept sketch from December 2007 on the website of the Göttingen Planetarium Support Group. Retrieved December 10, 2017
  30. ↑ Angela Brünjes: Dome as the "icing on the cake" . In: Göttinger Tageblatt , May 11, 2016. Accessed December 10, 2017
  31. ↑ 18 million euros for the Knowledge Forum . In: Göttinger Tageblatt , October 4, 2017. Accessed December 10, 2017
  32. ↑ Forum Wissen Blog - About the project On the website of the “Forum Wissen Blog”. Retrieved December 10, 2017
  33. ↑ Angela Brünjes: For 4.25 million euros: Forum Wissen gets a “Science Dome”. In: goettinger-tageblatt.de. Göttinger Tageblatt, November 22, 2019, accessed on April 19, 2020 .
  34. ↑ Planetarium Society Ostwestfalen-Lippe - About us . Website of the Ostwestfalen-Lippe Planetarium Society. Retrieved December 10, 2017
  35. ↑ Petra Blöß, Stefan Lind: Council pulls the ripcord on Thursday: Rietberg does not get a large planetarium advertised, quietly buried . In: Westfalen-Blatt , December 17, 2016. Accessed December 10, 2017
This version was added to the selection of informative lists and portals on June 2, 2007 .