Glogonj

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Глогоњ
Glogonj
Coat of arms of Glogonj
Glogonj (Serbia)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Serbia
Province : Vojvodina
Okrug : Južni Banat
Coordinates : 44 ° 59 ′  N , 20 ° 31 ′  E Coordinates: 44 ° 59 ′ 9 ″  N , 20 ° 31 ′ 20 ″  E
Height : 75  m. i. J.
Area : 42.77  km²
Residents : 3,012 (2011)
Population density : 70 inhabitants per km²
Postal code : 26202
License plate : PA
Austrian State Archives: Sectio 138 card of the Josephinische Landesaufnahme (1769–1772)

Glogonj ( Serbian - Cyrillic Глогоњ , German  Glogon , Hungarian Galagonyás , Romanian Glogoni ) is a village with 3012 inhabitants in the southern Banat on the Timisoara in the Opština Pančevo in the Okrug Južni Banat of Vojvodina , Serbia . Glogonj is 4 km southeast of Sefkerin and 20 km northwest of the town of Pančevo . The Serbian and Hungarian place names refer to the hawthorn ( Serbian Glog ; suffix ).

history

In the area of ​​today's Glogonj jewelry, clay vessels and weapons from the Bronze Age , two Roman sarcophagi from the time of Emperor Aurelian and two graves from the Migration Period were found.

From 1552 to 1718 the municipality belonged to the Sancak Pançova in the Eyâlet Tımışvâr of the Ottoman Empire . There is no documentary evidence of when Glogonj was actually founded. A historical map from the first half of the 18th century shows the village of Logan between Jabuka and Opovo.

With the Peace of Passarowitz , the Banat came under the rule of the Habsburgs . It was as an imperial Kameralgut the Vienna central authorities ( War Council and Hofkammer assumed) and a cameralistic state administration in Temesvár managed. 1764 began under Maria Theresa in the southwestern Banat the administrative development and the organized colonization of a border regiment and its regimental district for the further expansion of the military border . Under the direction of the Imperial War Council from May 1764 were a resettlement Corps first veterans from the Aerarial -Invalidenhäusern of Vienna , Prague , Pest and Pettau selected. A military settlement commission conscripted the places intended for settlement. According to the Commission report of December 1764, there were 112 Raiz families and 79 habitable houses in the Glogon-Sefkerin area, which was known as the scattered settlement Raitzisch-Sefkerin . With this conscription, the Slavic residents could opt for military service or for financially compensated relocation with a three-year tax exemption. 100 families decided to move to Jarkovac , Ilandža, Dobrica and Banatsko Novo Selo. In April 1765, the commission reported to the Court War Council that the settlement of a company with 200 veterans in Sefkerin had been completed. About half of the soldiers were married and had children. In the first few years, two to three families lived together in one house as a so-called communion . In November 1774, the military commission submitted a floor plan for the new construction with several designed, right-angled central main squares for the new row villages Raitzisch-Sefkerin and Deutsch-Sefkerin (Glogon). After approval of the plan and the estimated construction costs, a main man's quarters , a lieutenant's quarters , an arrendator quarters , community settlers' houses , a trivial school , a rectory and a church were built in the military town of Deutsch-Sefkerin in 1775 . Other German settlers came from temporary shelters in Prädium Govedarovacz at Jabuka in the new village. On the maps of the Josephinische Landesaufnahme from the years 1769 to 1772 no place with the name Glogon was recorded. During the Franziszeische Landesaufnahme , the region was first mapped with the village . In 1812 a branch of the Jabuka fruit nursery was established in Glogon . In the 19th century, three native Glogons (born in 1836, 1858 and 1865) were accepted into the Theresian Military Academy for officer training .

After the military border was dissolved (1872), Glogonj belonged to the Pancsova administrative district ( Pancsovai járás , Panschowa district ) of Torontál county and became the seat of a civil district court . Due to the Hungarian Reichstag law of 1898 on community and place names , only the Hungarian name Galagonyás could officially be used until 1918. In 1906 a cadastral survey was carried out and cadastral plans were made, on which the German place name was given.

In November 1918, the Serbian army occupied the region just five days after the Austro-Hungarian armistice . In the treaties of Trianon and Sèvres , Torontál County was divided up in 1920 . From 1921 Glogonj belonged to Srez Pančevo in the Belgrade administrative district (Beogradska oblast ) of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes , since 1929 to the Danube Banschaft .

On April 6, 1941, the attack on Yugoslavia began . On April 11, 1941, units of the Greater Germany Division marched into Glogon. After the Yugoslav surrender, the SS division “Reich” in Glogon and all other communities carried out a recruitment process among the youngest men, accompanied by intensive propaganda . The SS was able to set up several recruit companies by the beginning of May, which, after a short basic training in Prague , were deployed on the Eastern Front in June 1941 . From August 1941, men reported for duty in the auxiliary police (HiPo). This unit was subordinate to a battalion of the Ordnungspolizei . From February 1942 the HiPo's operational area was extended from the Banat to the entire occupied Serbia . In 1942 the 7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division "Prinz Eugen" was set up. No reliable information can be given about the numerical ratio between volunteers, regularly called up and men recruited for service in the division.

On October 4th, units of the Red Army reached the place, which became the immediate front area . In October 1944, 4 women of the German ethnic group committed suicide out of desperation after being raped .

Romanian Orthodox Church of the Assumption of Our Lady , built 1911–1913

Due to the AVNOJ resolutions , people belonging to the German ethnic group ( Yugoslav Germans , ethnic Germans ) were deprived of their civil rights . Exceptions were u. a. Persons who were married to persons of recognized Yugoslav nationalities . On October 30, 1944, special detachments from the local headquarters of the People's Liberation Committee shot 128 residents from Glogonj on site and in Opovo . In December 1944 a contingent of able-bodied men and women was selected and in January 1945 deported to the Soviet Union for forced labor . In April 1945 the local authority ordered the complete evacuation of seven residential areas with around 140 houses. The evacuated residential areas were demarcated with a barbed wire fence, the windows and doors of the houses next to the fence were boarded up. All German residents who remained in the village were imprisoned in this internment camp on April 26, 1945 . Their property has been confiscated . In October 1945 many prisoners were transferred to the Knićanin camp. By 1948, a total of 250 Glogonj residents were killed in various camps in the former Yugoslavia .

In 1775 the Roman Catholic Church ( Saalkirche ) Sankt Anna was built. Maria Theresa donated the bell for the church , which was named Annaglocke in honor of the namesake of the parish . In 1825 the church tower was damaged by a storm and repaired, in 1841 the nave was renovated and in 1867 the organ built by Carl Hesse was installed. The Catholic parish belonged to the diocese of Csanád , since 1923 it has been subordinate to the diocese of Zrenjanin . From 1911 to 1913 the Romanian Orthodox Church of Our Lady Assumption into Heaven was built in the Byzantine style and from 2013 to 2014 the Serbian Orthodox Church of Saints Peter and Paul was built.

Demographics

population
year total German Wallachians ( Romanians ) Serbs Croats Macedonians Hungary Others
1880 2468 1480 630 220 11 127
1890 2911 1859 796 222 27 7th
1910 2669 1745 756 74 72 22nd
1931 2492 1600 892
2002 3178 5 156 2406 367 26th 208

In a postal dictionary from 1805, Glogon was given as a village with 196 houses. In 1829 more differentiated data were published in statistical notes: Glogon had 2183 inhabitants, of which 1692 were Roman Catholic or Greek Catholic , 489 were Orthodox , and 2 were Protestant . According to statistics published by the Imperial and Royal Ministry of Commerce in 1850, the village already had 2,444 inhabitants in 1846. An official census was first carried out in Austria-Hungary in 1869 . In this census, no data on the nationality and mother tongue of the residents have yet been obtained. In Glogon, 2,749 residents professed to be Roman Catholic and 729 to Orthodox. In the 1880 census, 1,760 residents declared themselves to be Roman Catholic, 692 to Orthodox, 13 to Protestant and 3 to Jewish . In the category Other 1880 3 Slovaks and 124 without ethnic information are summarized. At the 1910 census, 1,847 residents were Roman Catholic, 2 Greek Catholic, 798 Orthodox, 20 Protestant and 2 Jewish. The above figures for 1931 were published by the Vienna Publication Office of the Southeast German Research Association for the Army General Staff . The population numbers are divided into the categories German and other ( national politics ). In the four-volume Yugoslav publication, no data on the mother tongue were published for domestic political reasons ( ethnic group politics ). According to the Yugoslav census, there were 2487 inhabitants in Glogon. The heading Other 2002 includes 106 Yugoslavs , 17 Roma , 6 Slovaks , 2 Montenegrins , 1 Albanian , 1 Muslim , 3 Czechs and 82 without any ethnic information.

Personalities

  • Lajos Szekrényi (1858–1915), Hungarian pastor, poet and translator of Karl May ; Catholic pastor in Glogon from 1891 to 1896
  • Rudolf Büchler (1890–1966), Austrian teacher and politician

Web links

Commons : Glogonj  - collection of images, videos and audio files

literature

  • Franz Lang: With us in Glogonj 1767–1945 . Self-published, Karlsruhe 1990.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Moravian State Library : New and accurate General Post card of the very large, world-famous King Kingdom of Hungarn . Vienna around 1738–1750.
  2. ↑ Erik Roth: The planned settlements in the German-Banat military border district 1765-1821. Oldenbourg, Munich 1988, ISBN 3-486-54741-0 , pp. 48-50, 138-140 and 145-163. Austrian State Archives: Maps and Plan Collection, Plan GI h 3-1 (Roth, p. 50). Carl Bernhard von Hietzinger: Statistics of the military borders of the Austrian empire. Second part. Verlag C. Gerold, Vienna 1820, pp. 92–93 Austrian State Archives : Map of the Franziszeische Landesaufnahme with Glogon Johann Svoboda: The Theresian Military Academy in Wiener-Neustadt and its pupils from the establishment of the institution to our days. Volume 2. kuk Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1894, pp. 90, 735 u. 792.
  3. ^ Ordinance sheet for the imperial-royal army. Volume 14. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1873, p. 285 Országgyűlési Könyvtar: Glogon 1906 , land register plans in the Hungarian State Archives .
  4. ^ Felix Milleker : History of the City of Pančevo. Wittigschlager, Pančevo 1925, p. 229.
  5. ^ Franz Lang: With us in Glogonj 1767–1945 . Self-published, Karlsruhe 1990, pp. 12-13, 109-112. Thomas Casagrande: The Volksdeutsche SS division "Prinz Eugen". The Banat Swabians and the National Socialist war crimes. Campus, Frankfurt am Main 2003, ISBN 3-593-37234-7 , p. 143. Akiko Shimizu: The German occupation of the Serbian Banat 1941-1944 with special consideration of the German ethnic group in Yugoslavia. Regensburg writings from philosophy, politics, society and history. Volume 5. LIT, Münster 2003, ISBN 3-8258-5975-4 , p. 223. Ekkehard Völkl : Der Westbanat 1941-1944. The German, the Hungarian and other ethnic groups. Studia Hungarica . Trofenik, Munich 1991, ISBN 3-87828-192-7 , pp. 55-56. Donauschwäbische Kulturstiftung (Ed.): The suffering of the Germans in communist Yugoslavia. Volume 4: Human losses-names and numbers on crimes against the Germans by the Tito regime in the period from 1944-1948. Munich 1994, ISBN 3-926276-22-3 , p. 142 and 143.
  6. ^ Franz Lang: With us in Glogonj 1767-1945 . Self-published, Karlsruhe 1990, p. 112. Donauschwäbische Kulturstiftung (Ed.): The suffering of the Germans in communist Yugoslavia. Volume 2: Reports about the crimes against the Germans by the Tito regime in the period 1944-1948. Munich 1993, ISBN 3-926276-17-7 , p. 175 and 176. Donauschwäbische Kulturstiftung (Ed.): The suffering of the Germans in communist Yugoslavia. Volume 4: Human losses-names and numbers on crimes against the Germans by the Tito regime in the period from 1944-1948. Munich 1994, ISBN 3-926276-22-3 , p. 142 and 143.
  7. ^ Franz Lang: With us in Glogonj 1767-1945 . Self-published, Karlsruhe 1990, p. 149. Christoph Bossert: The organ as a European cultural asset. Organum, Öhringen 2007, ISBN 3-9809232-3-1 , p. 95. Panoramio: Roman Catholic Church of St. Anna Panoramio: Serbian Orthodox Church of St. Peter and Paul
  8. ↑ Magyar Király Statisztikai Hivatal (ed.): Az 1881. év elején végrehajtott népszámlálás főbb eredményei megyék es közsegek szerint rendezve. Volume 2, Budapest 1882, p. 306
  9. ↑ Magyar Király Statisztikai Hivatal (ed.): A magyar korona országainak helységnévtára. Budapest 1892, p. 608 u. 609
  10. ^ Magyar Király Központi Statisztikai Hivatal (ed.): A magyar szent korona országainak 1910. évi népszámlálása. Budapest 1912. Volume 42, p. 368 and p. 369.
  11. ^ Yugoslavia: Distribution of the nationalities according to districts. Directory of places with more than 10 German residents. After the 1931 census, Army General Staff, War Maps and Surveying Department. Edited and edited by the Publikationsstelle Wien. Waldheim & Eberle, Vienna 1941, p. 55.
  12. ↑ Republic of Serbia: 2002 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings. Volume 1 p. 36 u. 37.
  13. ^ Christian Crusius: Topographical Post-Lexicon of all localities of the kk hereditary countries. The fourth part, volume two. Universitäts-Buchdrucker Schmidt, Vienna 1805, p. 265
    Lajos Nagy: Notitiae politico-geographico-statisticae partium Regno Hungariae adnexarum, seu Slavoniae et Croatiae, Litoralis item Hungarico-Maritimi commercialis, et confiniorum militarium Hungaricorum. Volume 2. A. Landerer, Buda 1829, p. 156
    Direction of administrative statistics in the Imperial and Royal Ministry f. Handel (Ed.): Tables for the statistics of the Austrian monarchy for the years 1845 and 1846. First part. kk Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1850, plate 2, p. 16
  14. ↑ Az 1869. évi népszámlálás vallási adatai (PDF; 10.4 MB) p. 216.
  15. ↑ Lajos Szekrényi in the Karl May Wiki