Ducal Nassau Army

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Depiction of Nassau troops in uniform at the time of the war in Spain

The Ducal Nassau Army was the army of the Duchy of Nassau from 1806 to 1866.

history

Prehistory - the military of the predecessor states

The granary in Diez has already been converted into a barracks by the Principality of Orange-Nassau and continued to be used by the Duchy of Nassau

The military of Nassau-Weilburg and Nassau-Usingen in the Holy Roman Empire was largely insignificant. Both principalities only had the minimum number of soldiers that the Reich required for the so-called district troops, i.e. two companies of 56 men each . The combat strength of these four Nassau companies was considered low.

With the area expansions after the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss 1803, it was clear to the two rulers that Nassau, which had grown larger, had to intensify its armament efforts. For this purpose, the troops of the areas taken over were initially taken over into the Nassau army. The most important thing here was the takeover of the so-called “Scheither Jägerkorps ”, which Nassau took over in full gear and armament after negotiations with the Elector of Mainz at the end of 1802. The corps was set up in 1800 with British subsidies for the elector for the fight against France . It consisted of four complete and above all combat experienced companies, had a strength of 13 officers and 312 NCOs and commons, and formed the core of the Nassau army in the next few years. It was also important that Nassau received experienced officers with this battalion who were to make a career in the Nassau army. Its commander, Major Conrad von Schäffer , was promoted to the first Nassau general six years later ; Ludwig von Bismark , who was taken over as captain , was promoted to adjutant general .

Napoleonic period

Uniforms of the 2nd Infantry Regiment, 1810 in Spain

The history of the Nassau army is closely linked to the respective alliance obligations of the duchy. As soon as the Confederation of the Rhine was founded, Nassau, like the other states, committed itself to support Napoleon with troops. The federal states of the Rhine had to provide 63,000 soldiers together, this corresponds to one soldier for every 155 inhabitants. The Duchy of Nassau thus accounted for 1680 men.

The organization of the Nassau troops took place as early as 1803 with the involvement of associations that were taken over from predecessor states. The following units were set up:

Each battalion consisted of four companies, with a total of 15 officers and 536 men. Since the number of troops was increased significantly, the required soldiers were recruited through conscription . The officer corps initially consisted of officers from the predecessor states. The supreme command of the troops was the Duke, by one-Adjutant General was represented. The first duke, Friedrich August , had extensive military experience and was appointed field marshal by the emperor in 1790 . In 1804 the Nassau-Usingischen riders and the Wildenburg and Hachenburg hussars were united to form a cavalry squadron .

From 1803 the soldiers wore green uniform skirts . The infantry wore gray or white trousers, yellow leather gear and shakos , the 1st Battalion had caterpillar helmets , and from 1810 uniform fur hats . The armament consisted of flintlock rifles with bayonets . The cavalry had green jackets and trousers, black leather gear and caterpillar helmets, and from 1810 fur hats. The army's central depot was initially built in the secularized Eberbach monastery in the Rheingau in 1808 . In the course of the expansion of the Wiesbaden barracks , it was relocated to Wiesbaden.

When the war between Prussia and France broke out in 1806, Nassau had to fulfill its alliance obligations with France. The battalions were enlarged to six companies and, as agreed in the Rhine Confederation Act, were combined into one brigade . Previously, the units were formally separated from the two old principalities. An additional company of mounted fighters was also set up. The army took part in the battle of Jena on the French side . In the winter of 1806 three battalions from Nassau provided the occupation forces of Berlin . In April 1807 the company was relocated to Pomerania . The troops took part in the fighting near Ueckermünde and Anklam as well as in the siege of Kolberg and Stralsund . From November 1807 the troops returned to Nassau via Berlin, Bayreuth and Frankfurt. A parade near Königstein on January 1, 1808 marked the solemn conclusion of the campaign. Earlier, on August 9, 1807, Duke Friedrich August had donated the Ducal Nassau Medal of Bravery for NCOs and soldiers.

A reorganization of the troops followed. The army should consist of two regiments , each with two battalions of five companies. The background to this was Napoleon's demand to increase the nominal strength of the troops by 25%. The nominal strength of the Nassau army was now 2750 men. The organization in regiments was intended to prevent the companies from being integrated into French regiments and commanded by French colonels .

As early as August 1808, the enlarged 2nd Ducal Nassau Infantry Regiment marched with 1732 men to Spain to support the French troops. It was formed from the 2nd and 3rd Battalion, one company from each of the other battalions, one squadron of mounted hunters and 300 new recruits . Each battalion consisted of a grenadier company , four fusilier companies and a voltigeur company . The deployment lasted almost five years. During this time, the troops took part in seven battles and 33 skirmishes. In Spain the 2nd regiment lost around 2,700 men. The voltigeurs were completely wiped out in the battle of Talavera . During the Spanish campaign, the regiment was reinforced with a total of 1675 men.

The 1st ducal infantry regiment and another squadron were deployed from April 1809 with 1,554 men against Austria in the Fifth Coalition War. It was formed from the remaining parts of the 1st and 4th battalions and troops from the principalities of Hohenzollern-Hechingen , Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and Isenburg . In the spring of 1810 the company was relocated to Spain. There it was involved in 35 battles over the next few years. The 1st regiment lost around 1,300 men in these campaigns and received 1,436 men replacements. The two Nassau cavalry squadrons moved to Spain with a total of 314 men and lost around 100 members. Due to the extensive use of Spain, the duchy did not have to provide any troops for the Russian campaign in 1812 .

With the change to the anti-Napoleonic alliance, the troops received the order to change front. Colonel August von Kruse joined the English with the 2nd regiment on December 10, 1813 near Bayonne . It was supposed to be transferred by ship via England to the Netherlands . Two of the ships sank in a storm off the island of Texel . 230 soldiers and officers drowned. Colonel Friedrich Wilhelm Meder kept his oath on Napoléon and refused to change front with the 1st Regiment. The regiment was disarmed and captured by the French on December 22, 1813. Colonel Meder joined the French army and fell in Spain. Overall, around 62% of the Nassau soldiers involved in the operation in Spain died during the campaign.

At the same time Nassau had to raise more troops after the change. With a brigade consisting of the 3rd Infantry Line Regiment , the Landwehr Regiment and a Jägercorps, it participated in the siege of Mainz in 1813/14 . In addition, Nassau had to organize a land storm of up to 36,000 men.

Waterloo Monument, Wiesbaden
The Nassau Waterloo Medal

After the French surrender in 1814, the Duchy left the 2nd Infantry Regiment to the Kingdom of the Netherlands for six years and dissolved the Landsturm again. In the battles at Quatre-Bras and Waterloo , the ducal troops fought in the Anglo-Dutch army. At Waterloo, the 1st regiment was in the center and the 2nd regiment, which had previously fought at Quatre-Bras, was in the left wing. A total of 7507 Nassau soldiers, including 169 volunteer hunters, fought near Waterloo, 887 of them lost their lives. The Waterloo Medal was donated for the survivors . The Waterloo monument on Wiesbaden's Luisenplatz commemorates those who fell in Nassau.

As a result of the Congress of Vienna , there were far-reaching changes. As a result of the assignment of territory, around 1700 soldiers were exchanged with Prussia. The 3rd Infantry Line Regiment, the Landwehr Regiment and the mounted fighters were disbanded.

German Confederation

Former Nassau infantry barracks in Wiesbaden (built 1817–1819)
Former military hospital (1828 ~ 1840) and officers' school (1840 ~ 1912); last surviving building of the Nassau barracks in Wiesbaden

The troop organization that existed from 1815 was based on the Federal War Constitution of the German Confederation . The two Nassau battalions belonged to the 2nd Division of the IX. Federal Corps . They comprised 4039 men. In peacetime, however, only about a sixth were under arms. The others were given leave of absence after their training, with the exception of the autumn maneuvers. The army garrison towns were Weilburg (1st regiment, 1st battalion), Diez (1st regiment, 2nd battalion), Wiesbaden (2nd regiment and artillery ) and Biebrich (hunters and pioneers ). The garrison company on the fortress of Marxburg was a special institution ; it served to provide for pensionable military personnel who waived their release from the active military. In addition, there was the Landsturm, which was divided into 27 companies. The recruits were drawn from among the conscripts; their service time lasted from 20 to 26 years of age, plus one year in reserve . The redeemed recruit could be represented by a " Einsteher ".

The "Hainkaserne" developed from the Weilburg mint, which was converted into a barracks in 1820.

From 1819 Nassau had its own military school for officer training in Wiesbaden. After the coalition wars, the officer corps was to be gradually replaced by young officers from among its own subjects. This led to considerable tensions with the war veterans in the army , who saw themselves deprived of their opportunities for advancement. One consequence of these tensions was the " Weilburg Cadet Murder ", in which the cadet Adolf Vigelius was murdered in Weilburg on the night of December 8, 1827. The long-term investigations revealed that the murder had been committed jointly by numerous members of the 1st Battalion. On March 26, 1832, the court martial pronounced the verdict: 37 soldiers still alive were sentenced to death for jointly committed murder . The four ringleaders , the verdict was with the sword enforced in the other cases, the Duke granted a reprieve in the form of prison terms from 2 to 21 years.

August von Kruse, Adjutant General of the Nassau troops

From 1821 the troops were under the "General Command" under Major General August von Kruse. Instead of the Landsturm battalions, a reserve battalion of eight companies was set up. This preferred to carry out police duties. The cannons captured in the Battle of Waterloo formed the basis of the 1st Nassau Artillery Company, established in 1820. The captured cannons were quickly replaced by cannons developed in-house. The artillery enjoyed the reputation of the elite troops of the duchy. From 1828/29 onwards, their garrison was the new artillery barracks in Wiesbaden.

As a result of the July Revolution of 1830 there were mobilizations to ward off the unrest that had broken out in Kurhessen , especially around Hanau . The following year there was renewed mobilization for the planned federal execution due to the Belgian Revolution in Belgium and Luxembourg . Due to the now concluded Belgian-Dutch peace treaty, the move did not take place.

In 1831 the infantry was divided into three battalions of four companies each. In addition, a pioneer unit was set up. The shako was introduced as general headgear for all soldiers. The artillery was enlarged to a division of two companies in 1833. 1836 took place the general switch to percussion rifles , from 1846 to drawn guns.

The years 1848 and 1849 again led to mobilizations and marches. Nassau troops were involved in the suppression of the republican uprising in Baden . Here they were involved in the battle near Mannheim and the storm on Freiburg .

Under the personal leadership of Duke Adolf, a contingent consisting of the 1st and 2nd regiments and the entire Nassau field artillery was in the war against Denmark . In the battle near Eckernförde , the Nassau and Schleswig-Holstein artillery prevented the Danish fleet from landing. The Duke donated a commemorative medal for the 126 Nassau participants in the battle. There were no casualties on the Nassau side in the battle. After the war against Denmark, the Nassau army was again used against insurgents in Baden.

As a result of the March Revolution , there were also changes in the Nassau military. The regimental association was dissolved and the general armament of the people was regulated by the People's Army Act. However, these changes were reversed in the Reaction Era. The reserve battalion, which had previously performed the tasks of the state police, was dissolved and its tasks were transferred to the newly created Landjägerkorps. There was also a change in uniform in 1849. It now consisted of a green tunic and a pimple bonnet .

Rhine barracks in Biebrich (built around 1860)
The uniforms introduced from 1862

In 1862–64 the uniforms were changed again, following the Austrian model. The basic colors, green tunic with yellow leather gear, were retained. The shako was reintroduced.

The Nassau Army was last deployed in the German War of 1866, in which Nassau participated with around 6,100 soldiers. Duke Adolf personally led the supreme command. After the battle at Zorn (July 12, 1866), Duke Adolf left his duchy. The Nassau army was moved to the Odenwald and took part in the battles at Tauberbischofsheim (July 24, 1866) and Gerchsheim (July 25, 1866). In total, the army had five dead and seven missing in this war.

On September 8, 1866, the Duke bid farewell to the troops in Günzburg, Bavaria , which were then released from their oath of the flag . The soldiers returned to the country now annexed by Prussia . The associations were disbanded. Officers, NCOs and new conscripts were accepted into the Prussian army . The Nassau memorial was erected near Günzburg to commemorate the end of the army .

Post-history: Takeover in the Prussian army

The Nassau tradition was continued in the Prussian army. Several units carried the designation Nassauisch in the name and the date of the establishment of the Nassau units as foundation day .

General Adjutants

Anton von Ziemiecki

The troops were under the direct orders of the Duke. This was represented by the adjutant general. The post was held by an officer with the rank of major general . During his service the promotion to lieutenant general could take place.

The military administration

In 1803 the "Military Deputation" or "War Deputation" was created as the central administrative organization for military issues. She was responsible for recruiting and stationing troops, as well as disciplinary matters and complaints against military personnel. She oversaw the administration of maintenance, clothing and food for the troops and the boarding system. It initially consisted of a government councilor, two officers and a member of the court chamber . From November 7, 1806, it was renamed "War College" and received expanded competencies, comparable to a war ministry ; However, it was independent of the government of the Duchy of Nassau and was directly chaired by the Duke. Her tasks included the administration of the military fund, the military procurement system, the supervision of the magazines, armories and depots, the conscription system including the dispensation from military service, guardianship of war orphans and the supervision of the military jurisdiction. It was the appellate body of the military courts and court of first instance for marriage trials of members of the military. The organizational edict of 9/11 September 1815 left the tasks of the war college unchanged.

List of battles of the Ducal Nassau military

Battles and skirmishes of the Ducal Nassau Army
date unit Battle place opponent
October 3, 1806 3rd Hunter Battalion battle Jena Prussia
April 15, 1807 2nd / 3rd / 4th battalion Skirmish Pasewalk Prussia
April 16, 1807 2nd / 3rd / 4th battalion battle Ferdinandshoff Prussia
April 17, 1807 2nd / 3rd / 4th battalion Skirmish Uckermünde Prussia
June 29, 1807 2nd / 3rd / 4th battalion Skirmish Colberg Prussia
June 30, 1807 2nd / 3rd / 4th battalion Skirmish Colberg Prussia
July 22, 1807 2nd / 3rd / 4th battalion Skirmish Stralsund Prussia
July 23, 1807 2nd / 3rd / 4th battalion Skirmish Stralsund Prussia
July 27, 1807 2nd / 3rd / 4th battalion Skirmish Stralsund Prussia
August 6, 1807 2nd / 3rd / 4th battalion Skirmish Stralsund Prussia
August 11, 1807 2nd / 3rd / 4th battalion Skirmish Stralsund Prussia
August 25, 1807 2nd / 3rd / 4th battalion Skirmish Stralsund Prussia
August 27, 1807 2nd / 3rd / 4th battalion Skirmish Stralsund Prussia
August 28, 1807 2nd / 3rd / 4th battalion Skirmish Stralsund Prussia
August 29, 1807 2nd / 3rd / 4th battalion Skirmish Stralsund Prussia
September 9, 1807 2nd / 3rd / 4th battalion Occupation to reprimand Prussia
October 25, 1808 2nd Inf. Regiment Skirmish Zornosa Spain
October 26, 1808 2nd Inf. Regiment Skirmish Durango Spain
October 31, 1808 2nd Inf. Regiment battle Durango Spain
November 8, 1808 2nd Inf. Regiment Skirmish Valmaseda Spain
January 24, 1809 2nd Inf. Regiment Skirmish Jaraiceo Spain
January 25, 1809 2nd Inf. Regiment Skirmish Miravette Spain
January 26, 1809 2nd Inf. Regiment Skirmish Lugar Nuevo Spain
January 27, 1809 2nd Inf. Regiment Skirmish Almaraz Spain
February 3, 1809 2nd Inf. Regiment Skirmish Almaraz Spain
February 9, 1809 2nd Inf. Regiment Skirmish Almaraz Spain
February 10, 1809 2nd Inf. Regiment Skirmish Almaraz Spain
February 15, 1809 2nd Inf. Regiment Skirmish Almaraz Spain
March 17, 1809 2nd Inf. Regiment and mounted hunters Skirmish Talavera la Vieja Spain
March 17, 1809 2nd Inf. Regiment and mounted hunters Skirmish Mesa de Ibor Spain
March 27, 1809 2nd Inf. Regiment and mounted hunters Skirmish Medellin Spain
March 28, 1809 2nd Inf. Regiment and mounted hunters battle Medellin Spain
May 16, 1809 2nd Inf. Regiment Skirmish Merida Spain
May 17, 1809 2nd Inf. Regiment Skirmish Merida Spain
May 18, 1809 2nd Inf. Regiment Skirmish Merida Spain
May 19, 1809 2nd Inf. Regiment Skirmish Merida Spain
May 20, 1809 2nd Inf. Regiment Skirmish Merida Spain
June 5, 1809 1st Inf. Regiment Skirmish Pfaffenhofen Austria
July 27, 1809 2nd Inf. Regiment battle Talavera de la Reina Spain
July 28, 1809 2nd Inf. Regiment battle Talavera de la Reina Spain
August 8, 1809 2nd Inf. Regiment Skirmish Toledo Spain
August 9, 1809 2nd Inf. Regiment Skirmish Toledo Spain
August 11, 1809 2nd Inf. Regiment battle Almonacid Spain
August 21, 1809 2nd Inf. Regiment Skirmish Fuentidueña Spain
August 21, 1809 Riding hunters Skirmish Escaray Spain
August 22, 1809 2nd Inf. Regiment Skirmish Villa Mairique Spain
August 23, 1809 Riding hunters Skirmish Logroño Spain
November 19, 1809 2nd Inf. Regiment battle Ocaña Spain
November 25, 1809 Riding hunters Skirmish Briviesca Spain
December 2, 1809 Riding hunters Skirmish Villovejo Spain
December 19, 1809 Riding hunters Skirmish Prieva Spain
March 21, 1810 1st Inf. Regiment and mounted hunters Skirmish on the Montserrat Spain
March 22, 1810 1st Inf. Regiment and mounted hunters Skirmish Manresa Spain
March 22, 1810 1st Inf. Regiment and mounted hunters Skirmish on the Col de David Spain
March 23, 1810 1st Inf. Regiment and mounted hunters Skirmish Manresa Spain
March 24, 1810 1st Inf. Regiment and mounted hunters Skirmish Manresa Spain
March 25, 1810 1st Inf. Regiment and mounted hunters Skirmish on the Montserrat Spain
April 2, 1810 1st Inf. Regiment Skirmish Manresa Spain
April 3, 1810 1st Inf. Regiment Skirmish Manresa Spain
April 4, 1810 1st Inf. Regiment Skirmish Manresa Spain
April 5, 1810 1st Inf. Regiment Skirmish Manresa Spain
April 15, 1810 1st Inf. Regiment Skirmish La Cruz Cubierta Spain
April 27, 1810 2nd Inf. Regiment Skirmish Puerto Lápice Spain
May 1, 1810 Riding hunters Skirmish Malagón Spain
May 16, 1810 2nd Inf. Regiment Skirmish Puerto Lápice Spain
May 24, 1810 Riding hunters Skirmish La Motta Spain
4th July 1810 Riding hunters Skirmish Villanueva de los Infantes Spain
July 18, 1810 Riding hunters Skirmish Mestanza at Puertollano Spain
July 29, 1810 2nd Inf. Regiment Skirmish Sta. Cruz de Modela Spain
August 3, 1810 Riding hunters Skirmish Malagón Spain
August 25, 1810 Riding hunters Skirmish Abenojar Spain
August 26, 1810 Riding hunters Skirmish Agudo Spain
September 7, 1810 2nd Inf. Regiment and mounted hunters Skirmish Soquellamos Spain
September 12, 1810 Riding hunters Skirmish La Nova Spain
October 7, 1810 1st Inf. Regiment Skirmish Hospitalet Spain
October 15, 1810 Riding hunters Skirmish Picón Spain
October 17, 1810 Riding hunters Skirmish Malagón Spain
October 25, 1810 1st Inf. Regiment Skirmish Barcelona Spain
October 31, 1810 1st Inf. Regiment Skirmish Molinos del Rey Spain
November 16, 1810 Riding hunters Skirmish Puertollano Spain
November 18, 1810 Riding hunters Skirmish Argamassilla Spain
November 19, 1810 1st Inf. Regiment Skirmish San Andres near Barcelona Spain
December 12, 1810 Riding hunters Skirmish Migueltura Spain
January 30, 1811 2nd Inf. Regiment Skirmish Peñas de San Pedro Spain
March 5, 1811 2nd Inf. Regiment and mounted hunters Skirmish Albacete Spain
March 6, 1811 2nd Inf. Regiment and mounted hunters Skirmish Albacete Spain
March 6, 1811 2nd Inf. Regiment and mounted hunters Skirmish Villanueva de los Infantes Spain
March 19, 1811 1st Inf. Regiment and mounted hunters Skirmish Barcelona Spain
April 5, 1811 1st Inf. Regiment Skirmish Trenta Passos Spain
May 25, 1811 1st Inf. Regiment Skirmish St. Celoni Spain
July 11, 1811 1st Inf. Regiment Skirmish Mataro Spain
July 12, 1811 2nd Inf. Regiment Skirmish Alcaraz Spain
July 17, 1811 2nd Inf. Regiment and mounted hunters Skirmish Lezuza Spain
July 25, 1811 1st Inf. Regiment Skirmish on the Montserrat Spain
August 7, 1811 2nd Inf. Regiment and mounted hunters Skirmish Villarrobledo Spain
August 13, 1811 1st Inf. Regiment Skirmish Diana Spain
August 25, 1811 2nd Inf. Regiment Skirmish Alcaraz Spain
September 21, 1811 1st Inf. Regiment Skirmish Moncada Spain
October 17, 1811 2nd Inf. Regiment Skirmish Sta. Cruz Spain
November 2, 1811 2nd Inf. Regiment and mounted hunters Skirmish Villanueva de la Fuente Spain
November 12, 1811 1st Inf. Regiment Skirmish Mataro Spain
November 20, 1811 2nd Inf. Regiment Skirmish Villanueva de los Infantes Spain
December 31, 1811 Riding hunters Skirmish Ciudad Real Spain
January 16, 1812 Riding hunters Skirmish Almagro Spain
January 18, 1812 Riding hunters Skirmish Porzuna Spain
January 24, 1812 1st Inf. Regiment Skirmish Altafulla Spain
March 31, 1812 2nd Inf. Regiment and mounted hunters Skirmish Villanueva de los Infantes Spain
April 25, 1812 Riding hunters Skirmish Quintanar de la Orden Spain
May 6, 1812 1st Inf. Regiment Skirmish Granollers Spain
May 20, 1812 1st Inf. Regiment Skirmish St. Vincens at Molinos del Rey Spain
May 26, 1812 1st Inf. Regiment Skirmish Molinos del Rey Spain
May 31, 1812 1st Inf. Regiment Skirmish Molinos del Rey Spain
June 6, 1812 1st Inf. Regiment Skirmish Martorell Spain
July 1, 1812 Riding hunters Skirmish Colmenar el Viejo Spain
July 17, 1812 2nd Inf. Regiment and mounted hunters Skirmish Mora Spain
July 29, 1812 1st Inf. Regiment Skirmish on the Montserrat Spain
July 31, 1812 1st Inf. Regiment Skirmish Martorell Spain
August 1, 1812 Riding hunters Skirmish Las Navas del Marqués Spain
August 7, 1812 1st Inf. Regiment Skirmish St. Celoni Spain
September 6, 1812 1st Inf. Regiment Skirmish Mataro Spain
September 7, 1812 1st Inf. Regiment Skirmish Palleja Spain
September 22, 1812 2nd Inf. Regiment Skirmish Consuegra Spain
November 14, 1812 Riding hunters Skirmish Salamanca Spain
November 30, 1812 1st Inf. Regiment Skirmish Villa Franca Spain
December 20, 1812 Riding hunters Skirmish Mataro Spain
May 8, 1813 Riding hunters Skirmish Valladolid Spain
May 18, 1813 1st Inf. Regiment Skirmish See you soon Spain
June 1, 1813 1st Inf. Regiment Skirmish Molinos del Rey and Palleja Spain
June 18, 1813 2nd Inf. Regiment and mounted hunters Skirmish Arinuela and St. Domingo Spain
June 21, 1813 2nd Inf. Regiment and mounted hunters battle Vitoria (Spain) Spain
June 24, 1813 2nd Inf. Regiment and mounted hunters Skirmish Pamplona Spain
July 28, 1813 Riding hunters Skirmish Pamplona Spain
August 15, 1813 1st Inf. Regiment Skirmish Tarragona Spain
August 31, 1813 2nd Inf. Regiment Skirmish at the Bidasoa Spain
September 14, 1813 1st Inf. Regiment Skirmish Villa Franca Spain
December 10, 1813 2nd Inf. Regiment Skirmish Bayonne Spain / France
June 15, 1815 2nd Inf. Regiment To meet Quatre-Bras France
June 16, 1815 2nd Inf. Regiment To meet Quatre-Bras France
June 18, 1815 1./2. Inf. Regiment battle Waterloo France
April 24, 1848 2nd Inf. Regiment Skirmish Freiburg to bathe
April 26, 1848 1st Inf. Regiment Skirmish Mannheim to bathe
April 5, 1849 artillery Skirmish Eckernförde Denmark
June 6, 1849 1st Inf. Regiment Skirmish on the Düppeler heights Denmark
June 16, 1849 1st Inf. Regiment Skirmish Greater Saxony Denmark
June 22, 1849 1st Inf. Regiment Skirmish Sinsheim to bathe
June 29, 1849 1st Inf. Regiment Skirmish Gernsbach to bathe
June 30, 1849 1st Inf. Regiment Skirmish Oos to bathe
July 12, 1866 1st Inf. Regiment Skirmish anger Prussia
July 24, 1866 brigade To meet Tauberbischofsheim Prussia
July 25, 1866 brigade Skirmish Gerchsheim Prussia
July 26, 1866 brigade Skirmish Wurzburg Prussia

As a reminder for all participants in various battles, Nassau medals were awarded:

Salary

The wages of the soldiers showed the high wage spread for the time . A colonel received about 100 times the pay of a common man. The following table gives an example of the salary of the 2nd ducal Nassau infantry regiment in the Dutch war service in July 1814.

Rank Sold in francs, centimes
Colonel 833.30
Lieutenant colonel 358.30
major 300.00
Captain 1st class 200.00
Battalion doctor 125.00
Lieutenant 1st class 104.15
Sub-lieutenant 83.31
Standard bearer 40.50
sergeant 31.25
Sergeant 22.63
corporal 14.01
Meaner 9.70

literature

  • Philipp von Roeßler (Hrsg.): The historical events and the development of the state institutions in the Nassauischen lands . Wiesbaden 1893 ( online ).
  • Historical commission for Nassau (ed.): Duchy of Nassau 1806–1866 Politics · Economy · Culture . Historical Commission for Nassau, Wiesbaden 1981, ISBN 3-922244-46-7 .
  • Winfried Schüler: The Duchy of Nassau 1806–1866 . Historical Commission for Nassau, Wiesbaden 2006, ISBN 3-930221-16-0 .
  • Otto Renkhoff : Nassau biography . Historical Commission for Nassau , Wiesbaden 1992, ISBN 3-922244-90-4 .
  • Walter Rosenwald : The Ducal Nassau Medal of Bravery. In: Nassauische Annalen 96. 1985, pp. 169-196.
  • Guntram Müller-Schellenberg: The Nassau military in Napoleonic times . Schellenberg'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Wiesbaden 2007, ISBN 978-3-922027-79-9 .

Web links

Commons : Military of Nassau (state)  - Collection of images, videos, and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Wolfgang Einsingbach, Wolfgang Riedel: Eberbach Monastery in the Rheingau. P. 25.
  2. ^ Sigrid Russ: Cultural monuments in Hessen Wiesbaden I.2 - City extensions within the Ringstrasse . Ed .: State Office for Monument Preservation Hessen. 1st edition. tape 1 . Theiss, Wiesbaden 2005, ISBN 3-8062-2010-7 .
  3. ^ State and address manual of the Duchy of Nassau. Wiesbaden 1827. (online)
  4. ↑ Edith Bröckel u. a .: Weilburg Lexicon . Weilburg City Council, Weilburg 2006, OCLC 179983121 , p. 198 .
  5. ^ Peter Wacker: The ducal-Nassau military 1813–1866 , Volume 2, 1998, ISBN 3-922027-85-7 , pp. 670–671