Izhevsk

city Izhevsk Ижевск ( Russian ) Иж ( Udmurt ) flag coat of arms Federal district Volga republic Udmurtia Urban district Izhevsk mayor Oleg Bekmemetyev Founded 1760 Earlier names Ischewski zavod (1760–1918) Ustinow (1984–1987) City since 1918 surface 316  km² population 627,734 inhabitants (as of Oct. 14, 2010) Population density 1987 inhabitants / km² Height of the center 140  m Official language Russian , Udmurt Time zone UTC + 4 Telephone code (+7) 3412 Post Code 4260xx License Plate 18th OKATO 94 401 Website www.izh.ru Geographical location Coordinates 56 ° 51 '  N , 53 ° 13'  E Coordinates: 56 ° 51 '0 "  N , 53 ° 13' 0"  E

Location in the western part of Russia

Location in Udmurtia

List of cities in Russia

Izhevsk ( Russian Ижевск pronunciation ^{? / I} , Udmurt Иж / Iž or Ижкар / Ižkar ) is the capital of the Udmurt Republic of the Russian Federation . It has 627,734 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010).

history

The place was founded in 1760 under the name Ischewski zavod ( Ижевский завод ) on the bank of the Isch , a tributary of the Kama , as a workers' settlement near an ironworks of the same name. In 1918 it received city rights and its current name. From 1984 to 1987 the city was temporarily called Ustinow ( Устинов ) in honor of Marshal Dmitri Ustinov, who died in 1984 .

The original Ischewski was a place on the banks of the river Isch, which was very suitable for the construction of an ironworks due to a good water supply and nearby iron ore deposits . The construction of the first workers' houses began on April 10, 1760, the year Izhevsk was born. Hydro power was required for iron production; For this reason, the river Isch was dammed and the Izhevsk reservoir was created, which still significantly shapes the cityscape today.

In 1774 Pugachev's rebels occupied the city and destroyed the ironworks. In 1807, Tsar Alexander I decided to build an arms factory based on the ironworks that had been rebuilt in 1775. In the same year, construction of the main building of the early arms factory began according to plans by architect Sergei Dudin. In order to get an efficient factory as quickly as possible, skilled workers from Germany, Denmark and Sweden as well as miners from the Urals were recruited. So it came about that in 1807 the German Friedrich Poppe was appointed chief weapon master. The construction was so hectic that the workers had to build their (wooden) houses at night after work. In the 1870s there were only about 20 stone houses.

In 1884 the steel works and the arms factory were nationalized. In addition, however, several private arms factories were founded.

In 1918, the city was the scene of an uprising that referred positively to the Russian Revolution but positioned against the autocracy of the Bolsheviks . It was carried by the Mensheviks , right-wing social revolutionaries and a local front-line combatant association. This coalition took power in August 1918, but the uprising collapsed in November 1918.

Izhevsk has been the capital of the Udmurt Republic since 1921.

From 1926 to 1939 the population tripled as a result of the forced industrialization policy within the framework of the five-year plans .

economy

The city is still characterized by the arms industry today. Even after the Soviet era (next to Tula ) it is considered to be the "armory of Russia". The prominent Russian weapons designer Mikhail Kalashnikov lived here until his death.

The particularly well-known Ischmasch machine works emerged during the Second World War from parts of factories that were relocated here from the west of the Soviet Union. It produces small arms and cars. From 1946, the DKW factory's motorcycle production facilities, which had previously been dismantled in Zschopau, Saxony , were rebuilt in the Ischmasch works . The Lada Vesta has been built in Izhevsk since 2015 . There are also over ten large industrial companies.

Population development

View from the center of Izhevsk with the Udmurt University - on the right in the foreground - to the west of the reservoir

year	Residents
1808	6,000
1816	8,324
1897	41,000
1926	62,200
1939	175,567
1959	285.294
1970	422,409
1979	548.721
1989	635.109
2002	632.140
2010	627.734
2012	629.455

Note: Census data (1897–1926 rounded), 2012: estimate

Further educational institutions

The capital of Udmurtia has 231 pre-school institutions, 100 general education schools and 5 universities. There is also a medical and an agricultural academy as well as some vocational schools. The city has around 30 libraries. The largest library in Izhevsk and the whole region is the National Library of the Udmurt Republic and was founded in 1918.

• Branch of the College of Privatization and Entrepreneurship
• Branch of the Moscow Consumer Cooperation University
• Higher College for Humanities and Engineering "Aeromech"
• Faculty of the Legal Institute of the Ministry of Interior of Russia in Izhevsk
• Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy
• Izhevsk State Medical Academy
• Izhevsk State Technical University
• Udmurt State University
• Udmurt Institute of State Service Academy of the Urals

Remarkable structures

Saint Michael's Cathedral in Izhevsk

There are a variety of religious buildings in Izhevsk, including mainly churches, but also mosques.

• The Alexander Nevsky Cathedral was built according to Semyon Dudin's plans and did not share the fate of many other churches in Russia after the revolution. It was not destroyed, but only lost its bell tower and was used as a cinema.
• The Archangel Michael Cathedral , completed in 1915 , was torn down on the initiative of atheists in 1937. However, it was rebuilt in 2007 to celebrate 200 years of arms production.
• The 350 meter long and 50 meter high complex of the former arms factory is one of the most beautiful industrial buildings in Russia.
• At the time of its construction, the Palace of Culture of the Ischmasch Works, with its splendid furnishings, was definitely comparable to Moscow buildings of this type.
• The Pesochnaja transmission mast is a 195-meter-high guyed tubular steel mast that was erected in 1962 and has a striking appearance thanks to its six cross-beams, which are arranged in two levels and lead to the guy ropes.

Tatar quarter in Izhevsk

Traditional Russian wooden huts in the Tatar Quarter in Izhevsk

The Republic of Tatarstan borders the Udmurt Republic and forms the northern border of the Islamic Faith in Russia. For this reason, it is not surprising that a mosque can be found in the Tatar district of Izhevsk. The Tatar quarter is still largely built up with traditional Russian wooden houses, but more and more modern stone houses are being built next to the old buildings in block construction.

Prefabricated buildings

Most of the Izhevsk population, however, live in simple multi-storey houses, most of which date from the Soviet era. Many of them were built in the 1960s on the initiative of Nikita Khrushchev , hence the popular name Khrushchevka or "Khrushchoba". It is particularly noticeable that the balconies of the buildings were glazed almost everywhere in order to be able to use the balcony as additional living space or storage room.

The monument

The monument of the Russian-Udmurt friendship

The monument of Russian-Udmurt friendship from 1972 was erected on the occasion of the 400th anniversary of Udmurtia's voluntary accession to Russia. Because of its visual similarity to two skis, the townspeople often call it "Kulakova's skis" in memory of the famous Udmurt cross-country skier Galina Kulakowa .

Sports

The ice hockey club HK Ischstal Ischewsk takes part in the game of the second highest Russian league .

Town twinning

Izhevsk lists the following twin cities :

• Tatabánya , Hungary, since 1992
• Yambol , Bulgaria, since 1992
• Xining , China, since 2002
• Będzin , Poland, since 2004
• Cordoba , Argentina, since 2006
• Maracay , Venezuela, since 2006
• Salt Lake City , USA

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

• Yevgeny Dragunov (1920–1991), weapons designer
• Radja Jeroschina (1930–2012), cross-country skier
• Anatoli Bychowski (* 1934), chess player and trainer
• Andrei Abramov (1935-1994), boxer
• Andrei Wedernikow (1959–2020), racing cyclist
• Marina Asjabina (* 1963), hurdler
• Valery Medvedzew (born 1964), biathlete
• Alexandra Koljassewa (* 1968), racing cyclist
• Pawel Tonkow (* 1969), racing cyclist
• Alexei Kobelew (* 1971), biathlete
• Albert Leschtschow (* 1971), ice hockey player
• Nadja Saidakowa (* 1971), ballet dancer
• Vladimir Bechterew (* 1973), biathlete
• Svetlana Bubnenkowa (* 1973), cyclist
• Lyubov Yermolajewa (* 1975), biathlete
• Nina Koljassewa (* 1975), marathon runner
• Ivan Pesterew (* 1975), biathlete
• Marija Feklistowa (* 1976), sports shooter
• Dmitri Bykov (* 1977), ice hockey player
• Maxim Maximow (* 1979), biathlete
• Ivan Tscheresow (* 1980), biathlete
• Vyacheslav Alypov (* 1981), biathlete
• Andrei Kirilenko (born 1981), basketball player
• Rail Rosakow (* 1981), ice hockey player
• Alexander Arekejew (* 1982), racing cyclist
• Kirill Knjasew (* 1983), ice hockey player
• Olga Prokopjewa (* 1983), biathlete
• Fyodor Tjutin (* 1983), ice hockey player and scout
• Dmitri Kasionov (* 1984), ice hockey player
• Timofei Kuljabin (* 1984), theater and opera director
• Maxim Belkow (* 1985), racing cyclist
• Nikolai Buschujew (* 1985), ice hockey player
• Anton Sinzow (* 1985), road cyclist
• Mikhail Antonov (* 1986), road cyclist
• Dmitri Blinow (* 1987), biathlete
• Andrei Solomennikow (* 1987), racing cyclist
• Viktor Wassiljew (* 1987), biathlete
• Sergei Bolshakow (* 1988), swimmer
• Anna Gamburg (* 1988), German voice actress and presenter
• Maxim Beresin (* 1991), ice hockey player
• Fyodor Chervyakov (* 1993), tennis player
• Alexander Powarnitsyn (* 1994), biathlete
• Alina Sagitova (* 2002), figure skater

Other personalities

• Hugo Schmeisser (1884–1953), German weapons designer
• Hermann Weber (1896–1948), German motorcycle designer and racing driver
• Mikhail Kalashnikov (1919–2013), weapons designer and lieutenant general

Climate table

Izhevsk
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.     36   -11 -18     25th   -8th -16     27   -1 -10     32   8th -1     38   18th 6th     59   22nd 11     67   25th 14th     63   22nd 11     54   15th 6th     52   5 -1     45   -2 -8th     38   -8th -14 Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm Source: Roshydromet

Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Izhevsk Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) −10.8 −8.4 −1.4 8.3 18.1 22.4 24.6 21.6 14.9 5.3 −2.3 −7.7 O 7.1 Min. Temperature (° C) −18.2 −16.4 −9.8 −0.7 6.1 10.9 13.6 11.0 6.0 −0.8 −7.6 −14.2 O −1.6 Precipitation ( mm ) 36 25th 27 32 38 59 67 63 54 52 45 38 Σ 536 Rainy days ( d ) 11 7th 8th 7th 7th 9 9 9 10 11 11 11 Σ 110 Source: Roshydromet

swell

• Anna Porseva, Izhevsk city and culture guide. Developed as the result of the master's thesis "Discovery of Russian cities - projected using the example of a draft travel guide for Izhevsk (Udmurtia)" at the University of Lüneburg in 2007.
• Dimitrj Olegovic Curakov: The anti-Bolshevik workers' uprising in Izevsk. Problems of establishing civil power organs - August to November 1919. in: Arbeit - Movement - History , Issue II / 2018, pp. 139–160.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ City press release from October 2018
2. ↑ ^{a b} Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
3. ↑ Dimitrj Olegovic Curakov: The anti-Bolshevik workers' uprising in Izevsk. Problems of establishing civil power organs - August to November 1919. in: Arbeit - Movement - History , Issue II / 2018, pp. 139–160.
4. ↑ Aleksandra Koliaseva , sitiodeciclismo.net

Web links

Commons : Izhevsk  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Official web portal of the city (Russian, English)
• Izhevsk in the encyclopedia "My City" (Russian)
• About the region