Nonnenwerth
| Nonnenwerth | ||
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| Waters | Middle Rhine | |
| Geographical location | 50 ° 38 '23 " N , 7 ° 12' 34" E | |
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| length | 2 km | |
| width | 180 m | |
| surface | 36 ha | |
| Residents | 25 nuns 69 inhabitants / km² |
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Nonnenwerth (formerly also Rolandswerth ) is an island on the Rhine between Rolandswerth and Bad Honnef (river kilometer 642) opposite the Grafenwerth island .
The island has been the site of a monastery since the beginning of the 12th century , which was founded by the Benedictine nuns and taken over by the Franciscan nuns in 1854 . Since then, the monastery has also housed a Franciscan educational institution, which began as a boarding school for girls and later became a general high school.
geography
The island of Nonnenwerth is around two kilometers long and almost 180 meters wide at its widest point. The main part with the monastery and school facilities is located on the left bank of the Rhine city of Remagen in the Rhineland-Palatinate district of Ahrweiler . Within Remagen, the main part with the Insel Nonnenwerth residential area is part of the Rolandswerth district and the southern part at Rolandseck is part of the Oberwinter district . The narrow, about seven meters wide and 300 meters long northernmost part of the island is located in the area of the Bonn district of Mehlem in the Bad Godesberg district and thus belongs to North Rhine-Westphalia . On the other side of the Rhine (main stream) is the shorter but significantly wider island of Grafenwerth , which belongs to the urban area of Bad Honnef . The common border of the aforementioned countries runs between the two islands. South of Nonnenwerth, at river kilometer 640, a Rhine ferry crosses from Bad Honnefer Lohfeld to Rolandseck.
The island is located orographically to the left or west of the main stream of the river in the so-called Nonnenwerther split of the Rhine, which widens to three (previously probably four) arms there. The splitting of the river was extensively changed in the 19th century, with the island of Nonnenwerth receiving its current northern tip in 1866/67 and its current southern tip in 1870–72 as a 400–500 m long straightening or separation plant. The area covered by the groynes built in 1882–84 at the southern tip later became part of the island's land mass. As early as 1852, fortification measures had been taken at the lower end of the island in response to severe demolitions due to a flood in 1845. As part of the regulation of the Rhine , the Prussian Rhine River Construction Administration planned the establishment of a protective harbor in the back arm of the Grafenwerth island from the 1850s. The necessary closure of the oxbow lake would have caused the water pressure in the main stream to rise significantly, with the result that the island of Nonnenwerth would be flooded.
Morphologically , the island lies immediately before the Rhine emerges from the Rhenish Slate Mountains into the Lower Rhine Bay and thus at the beginning of the transition from the Middle Rhine to the Lower Rhine . In terms of natural space , it can be assigned to the Honnef valley widening , which is characterized on the left bank of the Rhine by a steep bank up to over 100 m high, opposite to which on the right bank of the river lies a much wider, crescent-shaped valley area. In geological terms, the island belongs to the younger lower terrace of the Rhine, the deposits of which consist mainly of gravel and sand. On Nonnenwerth, remnants of willow floodplain forests and individual trees worthy of protection have been preserved in the southern part and at the northern tip . Existing elm stocks on the island fell victim to the general dying of the elm . The Rheininsel Nonnenwerth biotope complex covers an area of around 18 hectares and is classified as "of partly international importance".
history
Benedictine convent
According to a document dated August 1, 1126, probably in 1112 or 1122, Abbot Cuno von Siegburg founded a Benedictine monastery on the then island of Ruleicheswerd (Rolandswerth). The monastery complex consisted of various buildings, which were grouped around the convent church , which was conspicuous by a striking west tower . The construction was carried out together with that of Rolandseck Castle, which is located close to the Rhine . The founding of the women's monastery was supported by the Archbishop of Cologne Friedrich I von Schwarzenburg , who wanted to remedy a lack of convents in the Archdiocese of Cologne . Rolandswerth was the first women's monastery that was part of the Siegburg reform . In 1148 the island was named Insula Beatae Mariae Virginis ("Marienwerth") in a document from Archbishop Arnold I of Cologne , further mentions were made under the spellings Rulecheswerde (1158), Ruleigeswerde (1170/71), Ruleiswerde (1171/72), Ruleicswerde (1187), Ruleckeswerde and Rulin (c) swerd (e) . End of the 12th century, the name was in a monastery seal Ruling (s) Swerd (e) and after 1280 for the first time Rulandswerde , Rulanzwerde and Roland Will (Rolandswerth).
In 1465 the order joined a Benedictine reform movement, the Bursfeld Congregation - the supervisory right passed from Siegburg to Groß St. Martin in Cologne. In 1476 the monastery was sacked and in large parts destroyed during the Burgundian War , to which Rolandseck Castle fell victim at the same time - the monastery archive was also lost. The subsequent reconstruction while maintaining large parts of the previous building took place until the church was rededicated in 1481. In 1583, during the Truchsessian War , the monastery was looted again. The arrival of Dutch soldiers caused the nuns to flee to Cologne in 1620, and in this way they escaped the troops of Sweden in 1632. At the end of the Thirty Years' War , the monastery found itself in financial distress, also due to the permanently high expenses for the fortification of the island (heavy floods in 1651/1658).
In 1706 a new expansion phase in the history of the monastery was heralded: by 1710 a new confessional and another annex were built. 1730 followed the construction of a " mansion " designated residential accommodation for religious; the four-wing complex around the cloister of the monastery was completed by 1736. On January 31, 1773, the monastery buildings from the first half of the century burned down. Abbess Benedikta Conradt quickly decided on a complete reconstruction, which began with the laying of the foundation stone on April 14, 1773 and was inaugurated in the summer of 1775. It was created according to the plans of Koblenz's building director Nikolaus Lauxen and was carried out at a ground level that was 1.20 m higher for the purpose of flood protection .
Secularization and inn
By the end of the 18th century, the monastery Rolandswerth belonged to the Electoral Cologne office Godesberg-Mehlem , 1798 was French administration of Remagen Mairie assigned. In 1802 the monastery was expropriated in the course of secularization on the left bank of the Rhine . With an imperial decree of October 30, 1804, the nuns were allowed to stay on the island until the end of their lives. In 1815 the monastery complex came into the possession of the Kingdom of Prussia and was auctioned in 1821 to the former rent master of Prince von der Leyen , Caspar Anton Sommer, who opened an inn with a guesthouse there.
The inn had 50 rooms as well as several party and dining rooms. Sommer created extensive gardens and a beech forest on the southern edge of the island . The inn was not very profitable, so that in 1826 the owner tried to sell it with the help of a lottery . Later the premises, with the agreement of summer students were the University of Bonn , presumably for legally prohibited scales , used. Among the most famous guests of the inn, alongside the American writer James Fenimore Cooper, was the piano virtuoso and composer Franz Liszt , who spent the summer months 1841 to 1843 here with his partner, Countess Marie d'Agoult . During this time he wrote his first male choirs and several song settings of German poems. The play "Diezelle in Nonnenwerth" and the so-called "Liszt plane tree" that he planted on his 30th birthday in 1841 are reminiscent of his stay. In the course of the 19th century, the name Nonnenwerth, first used for the monastery in the middle of the 17th century, gradually became the name of the island.
Franciscan convent
From 1835 Auguste von Cordier was the owner of the island. At her instigation, the house and island were handed over to the Franciscan Sisters in Heythuysen in the Netherlands on August 8, 1854 , who founded the St. Clemens Monastery there. In 1843, the Nonnenwerth residential area of the then municipality of Rolandswerth had 15 residents, in addition to a public building, a residential building and three farm buildings; in 1885 the number had increased significantly to 87 residents. In 1900 the monastery became the seat of the newly founded German province of the Heythuys congregation. During the First World War , a hospital was built on Nonnenwerth . During the Second World War , a military hospital was again set up on the island until 1942, in which mentally and physically disabled girls and women were accommodated. A teacher training institute was also located on the island between 1942 and 1943, and the evacuated Cologne University Children's Clinic from 1943 to 1947. Agricultural use of the northern part of the island ended in the first post-war years at the latest.
The monastery of the Franciscan Sisters of Penance and Christian Love on Nonnenwerth is called St. Clemens and has been the seat of the province of Maria Immaculata since 1948 . In 2010 there were 97 sisters, 25 of whom lived in St. Clemens' monastery. The monastery archive houses a collection of historical sources , including the Great Benedictine Chronicle , the Housekeeping Book and the Unkel Chronicle . An open monastery museum has existed since 1991. To a limited extent, the monastery allows guest and holiday stays on the island, even outside of the Saturday mass. A visit is only possible via the cloister's own passenger ferry on the left bank of the Rhine or, during school days, also on the private passenger ship "Grafenwerth" (on the right bank of the Rhine, accessible from Grafenwerth ). Visitors must be registered with the monastery to visit the island.
Monastery complex
The baroque monastery buildings, built according to plans by Nikolaus Lauxen (1722–1791), date back to 1775. The five wings of the two to three-story building with a mansard hipped roof are grouped around two square inner courtyards with a cloister . While the foundations , garments , cornices and spars are made of basalt lava , slate rubble and material remnants from the burned down previous building were used as building material for the plastered masonry . An extension of the building on the Rhine side dates from the end of the 19th century, and a corner tower in the north-east from 1928. Between 1904 and 1969 the north inner courtyard was built over as a gym with a glass- iron construction.
At the northern end of the west wing is the St. Clemens Chapel, a hall church instrumented with pilasters . Above a volute gable , its large, eight-sided roof turret is stepped three times and is crowned by a gracefully curved hood . The front of the chapel is triaxial. The interior of the five-bay, cross-vaulted chapel contains a nun's gallery that was last modified in 1953, the altar was created in 1955 from the remains of a Baroque altar. The communion bench and the curved balconies in the east of the hall also originate from this renovation phase . The organ was built in 1975 by the Klais / Bonn company .
To the north of the monastery building is a baroque garden, which was equipped with a fountain in 1865 . At its edge there is a cemetery that was laid out in the crypt of the chapel in 1859 after the last burial . The entire complex , including the garden area and several coats of arms, is a cultural monument under monument protection .
Nonnenwerth high school
Today the monastery houses the private - school Nonnenwerth.
In 1852 the house received state permission to build a boarding school under the direction of Auguste von Cordier. In 1863 it was home to a hundred students. From 1879 to 1889, the sisters relocated their teaching activities to the Netherlands due to the Kulturkampf , which resulted in a ban on all educational activities. In 1908 the boarding school was officially recognized as a full lyceum; there were already two hundred students this year. In autumn 1941 the school was closed by the Nazi government.
In 1945 the school reopened. In 1978 the boarding school was closed and co-education , i.e. the admission of boys, was introduced. The school got a secular headmaster for the first time. 1982–1985 the school was rebuilt and expanded. It got new science rooms, outdoor sports facilities and a new gym. Additional specialist rooms for music and art were created. All class and subject rooms, the administration rooms and the teachers' room were renovated. In 1991 the diocese of Trier took over the management of the school. The sponsorship remained with the Nonnenwerther Franciscan Sisters of Penance and Christian Love. On August 1, 2020, the Franziskus Gymnasium Nonnenwerth gGmbH and the Rheininsel will be sold to the International School on the Rhine .
Since 1988, a 24-hour run has been held at Nonnenwerth every two years , the proceeds of which are mostly donated to projects in third world countries. Since the 2005/2006 school year, the Schulwerk, which all parents can join voluntarily, has financially supported the island school. In addition, there is a development association (VFFE), which mainly subsidizes investments and material costs. The eight-year grammar school with all-day school has been gradually introduced since the 2009/2010 school year .
The Gymnasium Nonnenwerth is part of the MINT-EC network.
In the school year 2016/17, 412 of the 705 students, i.e. 58%, were girls and 42% boys. 66% of them were Catholic, 37% Protestant and 7% belonged to other religions. 33% of the students lived on the left bank of the Rhine and 67% on the right bank of the Rhine. 70% came from Rhineland-Palatinate (mainly from the districts of Ahrweiler and Neuwied ) and 30% from North Rhine-Westphalia (mainly Rhein-Sieg-Kreis and Bonn ).
Well-known former students are: Marc Metzger (comedian), Daniel Buballa (soccer player), Robert Landfermann (jazz musician) and Benjamin Bidder (journalist).
Due to the island location and the lack of bridges, school operations can be disrupted at extreme water levels if the two school ferries can no longer safely transport the students and teachers. In recent years there have been repeated cancellations of lessons due to high and low tides.
Nonnenwerth in world literature
Koenigswinter Nonnenwerth were popular in England during the English Romantic Rhine-Reisewelle 1830s destinations and are therefore entered into the English Literature: Koenigswinter Nonnenwerth be notably in the 1847 published socially critical and satirical novel that has become a byword Title Vanity Fair (fair of Vanity) called by WM Thackeray (Chapter LXII with the original heading Am Rhein ).
The Rolandssage connects the island with the Rolandsbogen , the only remnant of Rolandseck Castle, which was destroyed in 1475 and from which you can look down onto the island.
literature
- Rhenish Association for Monument Preservation and Landscape Protection (ed.); Claudia Euskirchen: Kloster Nonnenwerth (= Rheinische Kunststätten , issue 447). Neuss 2000, ISBN 3-88094-856-9 .
- Maria Paula: History of the island of Nonnenwerth. J. Habbel, Regensburg 1904.
- Creed. Eighteen four-color prints after wall paintings in the Nonnenwerth monastery by Sister Elmar Koenig. Poems by Sister Stanisla Racke. KMH picture book extension Schumacher, Erkenschwick, Westf. 1936. (Further edition: Verlag Nonnenwerth, Nonnenwerth, approx. 1950)
- Heinrich Joseph Floß: The Rolandswerth Monastery near Bonn . In: Annals of the historical association for the Lower Rhine , Volume 19, Verlag JM Heberle, Cologne 1865
- Albert Verbeek et al. a .: The art monuments of the Ahrweiler district. (= Die Kunstdenkmäler der Rheinprovinz , Volume 17, Section I) L. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1938, pp. 585-592 (Reprint: Schwann-Bagel, Düsseldorf 1984, ISBN 3-590-32145-8 , 2nd half volume , Pp. 585-592)
- Manfred Engelhard, Irmgard Wolf: Islands in the Rhine , Edition Lempertz, Bonn 2004, ISBN 3-933070-48-1 , pp. 47-72.
- Hermann Josef Roth : DuMont art travel guide Bonn: from the Roman garrison to the federal capital - art and nature between the Voreifel and the Siebengebirge . DuMont, Cologne 1988, ISBN 978-3-7701-1970-7 , pp. 259-261.
See also
Web links
- Nonnenwerth high school
- History about Nonnenwerth
- Franciscan Sisters of Nonnenwerth, history
- Rolandsbogen and Nonnenwerth: saga, poems and reports, views
- Rolandsbogen, Rolandseck, Nonnenwerth - a collection of historical postcards and pictures from 1798 to the present day
Individual evidence
- ^ Robert Jasmund: The work of the Rheinstrom-Bauverwaltung 1851-1900. Hall aS 1900, pp. 102–105 (PDF; 1.3 MB)
- ^ Robert Jasmund: The work of the Rheinstrom-Bauverwaltung 1851-1900. Hall aS 1900, p. 103 (PDF; 1.3 MB)
- ↑ Bernd Blumenthal: From Rheinort to Hafenort. The history of the construction of the Oberwinterer Schutzhafen ( memento from October 26, 2014 in the Internet Archive ). In: Homeland yearbook of the Ahrweiler district 1992
- ↑ Morphological model of the Lower Rhine. Leaflets, No. 41 ( Memento from May 18, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 1.9 MB), Landesumweltamt Nordrhein-Westfalen, Essen 2003, p. 7 u. 28
- ^ Geological State Office North Rhine-Westphalia (ed.); Gangolf Knapp, Klaus Vieten: Geological map of North Rhine-Westphalia 1: 25,000. Explanations for sheet 5309 Königswinter . 3rd, revised edition, Krefeld 1995, p. 42.
- ^ Biotope complex Rheininsel Nonnenwerth ( Memento from May 18, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), Osiris Rhineland-Palatinate
- ↑ Biotope mapping of the remains of the floodplain forest on the island of Nonnenwerth ( Memento from May 18, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), status 2000
- ^ History of the city, fortress and abbey of Siegburg in the Duchy of Berg , Cologne 1926.
- ↑ 850 years of Nonnenwerth Monastery 1126–1976 ( Memento from July 3, 2011 in the Internet Archive ). In: Home Yearbook of the Ahrweiler District 1976
- ↑ Series of publications on Trierische Landesgeschichte und Volkskunde , Volume 8, Issues 11-19, 1963, p. 886
- ↑ a b c d e f g Claudia Euskirchen: Kloster Nonnenwerth. Rhenish Association for Monument Preservation and Landscape Protection
- ^ A b c Manfred Engelhard, Irmgard Wolf: Islands in the Rhine
- ^ Monasteries and monasteries in Rhineland-Palatinate
- ↑ Jutta Assel, Georg Jäger: Rolandsbogen and Nonnenwerth . In: Rhine motifs in literature and art. A documentation.
- ^ Wilhelm Fabricius : Explanations of the historical atlas of the Rhine province, 2nd volume: The map of 1789. Bonn 1898, p. 61.
- ^ Walther Ottendorff-Simrock: Franz Liszt on Nonnenwerth. In: Heimat-Jahrbuch Kreis Ahrweiler, 15th year, 1958, ISSN 0342-5827 , p. 34 ff
- ↑ Ines Pasz: Island Nonnenwerth: Franz Liszt guest , SWR2 Music Places
- ^ The administrative district of Coblenz according to its location, limitation, size, population and division, including a double list of localities, Kreis Ahrweiler , Coblenz 1817, p. 50.
- ^ A b c Karl Josef Klöhs: Kaiserwetter am Siebengebirge . Edition Loge 7, Königswinter 2003, ISBN 3-00-012113-7 , p. 127 .
- ↑ Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Coblenz, Ahrweiler district , Coblenz 1843, p. 12.
- ^ Community encyclopedia for the Kingdom of Prussia (PDF), Volume XII Provinz Rheinland, Verlag des Königlich Statistischen Bureaus (Ed.), 1888, p. 38.
- ↑ Festival on the Rheininsel , Paulinus, May 2010
- ↑ Albert Verbeek et al. a .: The art monuments of the Ahrweiler district. (= Die Kunstdenkmäler der Rheinprovinz , 17th volume, 1st department) L. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1938, p. 588 (Reprint: Schwann-Bagel, Düsseldorf 1984, ISBN 3-590-32145-8 , 2nd half volume, p . 588)
- ^ General Directorate for Cultural Heritage Rhineland-Palatinate (ed.): Informational directory of cultural monuments - Ahrweiler district. Mainz 2020, p. 61 (PDF; 5.1 MB).
- ↑ Kölner Stadtanzeiger, August 29, 2008, column “Bonn”, p. 44.
- ↑ The Calvarienberg near Ahrweiler in the war years 1940–1945 , homeland yearbook of the Ahrweiler district 1990
- ↑ Nonnenwerth on a new path - the future of the island and school permanently secured. January 20, 2020, accessed January 23, 2020 .
- ↑ microsite. Retrieved October 2, 2019 .
- ↑ Wayback Machine. (PDF) March 4, 2016, accessed October 2, 2019 .
- ↑ Antje Seemann: Effects of the low water in the Rhine: gasoline is running out, lessons are canceled, chemical company is cutting production. In: rp-online.de. October 22, 2018, accessed October 22, 2018 .
- ↑ - For vacation planning you need set theory. January 27, 2003, accessed April 20, 2019 .
- ↑ Lessons failed at Nonnenwerth. Retrieved April 20, 2019 .