List of countries according to CO ₂ emissions per capita

2017 Global CO2 emissions (IEA ed. 2019)

The list of countries according to CO ₂ emissions per capita contains information on carbon dioxide emissions per capita and year, also referred to simply as per capita CO ₂ emissions . The term occurs linguistically in numerous other variations (English: Per Capita Carbon Dioxide Emissions ). Unit is generally a ton of CO ₂ per person per year ( English Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide per person per year ).

In climate research and with regard to climate justice , the total greenhouse gas emissions per capita and year in CO ₂ equivalents (CO ₂ -eq), i.e. all greenhouse gases as a whole, are used as a data basis.

context

Just like per capita income or energy intensity , per capita CO ₂ emissions are an economic indicator : In relation to a country's gross domestic product , it expresses the economy's dependence on fossil fuels. As a bare number alone, if the values ​​are low, it can also be an indicator of the energy poverty of poor countries. As a time series of the summarized data of the world community, i.e. as average per capita emissions, it can enable the classification of the personal CO ₂ footprint with regard to global or national temporal development for each individual on this planet according to the polluter pays principle . For this reason, rankings are also calculated for cities and municipalities and are evaluation parameters for environmental prices.

Institutions and companies that have sustainability as their declared goal can calculate their greenhouse gas emissions per workplace, analyze sources and look for ways towards climate neutrality: In 2011, the United Nations recorded four tons of CO _{2 for} each of its 221,000 UN employees worldwide -Equivalents for air travel alone, which accounts for half of their greenhouse gas emissions.

By joining the Climate Alliance by 2013, 1,600 cities, municipalities and districts in 24 European countries had committed to halving their per capita emissions by 2030 at the latest (base year 1990).

Per capita emissions in Germany in 2011 were around 11.2 tonnes of CO ₂ equivalent (2016: 11.1 t of CO ₂ equivalent). For comparison with another key figure: In relation to the gross domestic product (nominal), greenhouse gas emissions were just under 354 grams of CO ₂ equivalent per euro. As part of the Human Sustainable Development Index , the per capita values ​​for greenhouse gas emissions are also a measure of sustainability and an environmental indicator , for example in the case of the Millennium Development Goals (UN MDG indicators).

Query of comparison values ​​in databases

For some countries, the per capita emissions for various greenhouse gases can also be queried online in databases. For each EU country, the values ​​for carbon dioxide, methane , nitrogen dioxide and fluorocarbons can be called up from the European Environment Agency (not included below).

The list below of the countries and their CO ₂ emissions per inhabitant and year enables a direct comparison of the countries as well as an overview of the development over time. The calculations of the data were made by the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) division at the United States Department of Energy . The calculations are based on data from the United Nations Statistics Division , a division of the UN .

Country list of CO ₂ emissions per capita

CO ₂ emissions in tons of CO ₂ per person per year (1971–2018) Areas without generally recognized state sovereignty are written in italics .

Rank 2018	country	Years 1971–1995						Years 2000-2018
		'71	'75	'80	'85	'90	'95	'00	'05	'10	'15	'16	'18
1	Palau					142.83			87.11		56.14		57.96
2	Qatar	18.83	30.05	31.17	28.80	26.12	32.81	35.91	38.40	31.17	31.28	30.77	38.19
3	Trinidad and Tobago	5.62	4.53	5.87	5.68	6.47	6.51	7.97	13.53	16.83	15.92	15.47	26.19
4th	Kuwait	17.53	14.74	19.27	21.13	13.24	20.08	22.58	28.44	25.69	23.01	22.25	23.91
5	United Arab Emirates	8.83	8.88	18.45	25.62	27.90	28.44	25.31	24.27	18.69	20.38	20.69	22.44
6th	Bahrain	13.15	19.59	20.11	21.72	21.53	23.86	23.82	23.13	20.59	21.92	20.80	21.85
7th	Saudi Arabia	2.08	3.03	10.21	8.93	9.26	10.23	11.30	12.47	15.28	16.84	16.34	18.63
8th	Estonia					22.06	10.97	10.31	12.32	13.93	11.51	12.44	18.62
9	Oman	0.34	0.82	1.95	3.76	5.61	6.67	9.00	10.03	13.93	15.15	14.27	17.64
10	Luxembourg	48.16	35.49	34.20	28.16	28.13	20.06	18.44	24.64	20.96	15.49	14.51	16.86
11	Kazakhstan					14.51	10.78	7.53	10.36	13.55	12.83	12.92	16.80
12	Australia	10.86	12.85	13.96	13.84	15.03	15.66	17.36	18.18	17.42	15.72	16.00	16.77
13	United States	20.65	20.17	20.18	18.93	19.20	19.03	20.29	19.27	17.28	15.32	14.95	16.14
14th	Canada	15.49	16.30	17.22	15.24	15.15	15.32	16.82	16.75	15.57	15.12	14.91	16.08
15th	Brunei	2.93	8.69	13.60	13.09	12.59	15.16	13.29	13.21	17.64	14.30	14.94	15.96
16	Turkmenistan					12.12	7.90	8.12	10.12	11.19	12.42	12.18	14.38
17th	South Korea	1.61	2.20	3.30	3.82	5.41	7.92	9.19	9.50	11.12	11.41	11.50	13.59
18th	Russia					14.59	10.44	10.06	10.33	10.71	10.18	9.97	12.14
19th	Iceland	6.82	7.40	7.66	6.76	7.44	7.36	7.69	7.55	6.13	6.22	6.16	12.10
20th	Barbados					2.98			7.89		11.16		11.58
21st	Czech Republic	15.61	15.40	16.27	16.95	14.49	11.92	11.80	11.57	10.70	9.45	9.60	10.44
22nd	Seychelles	1.15	1.34	2.27	2.45	3.45	5.45	7.18	8.35	8.14	7.66	7.85	10.29
23	Singapore	2.87	3.73	5.24	6.07	9.51	10.66	10.46	8.88	8.72	7.98	8.07	9.65
24	Netherlands	9.68	9.66	10.28	9.55	9.89	10.58	10.15	10.25	10.24	9.22	9.23	9.50
25th	Norway	5.89	5.89	6.67	6.36	6.48	7.21	7.10	7.46	7.85	6.95	6.78	9.43
26th	Japan	7.15	7.60	7.44	7.16	8.39	8.86	8.87	9.11	8.62	9.07	9.04	9.42
27	Belgium	12.21	11.81	12.74	10.25	10.66	10.99	11.10	10.25	9.51	8.24	8.11	9.20
28	Germany	12.49	12.37	13.39	12.93	11.84	10.54	9.97	9.67	9.45	8.93	8.88	9.15
29	Iran	1.33	2.08	2.29	3.06	3.05	4.04	4.72	5.93	6.69	6.97	7.02	8.87
30th	Finland	8.64	9.38	11.48	9.85	10.80	10.91	10.55	10.47	11.56	7.74	8.28	8.80
31	Poland	8.76	9.96	11.69	11.35	9.07	8.71	7.57	7.76	7.98	7.35	7.63	8.76
32	Libya	1.67	3.28	5.46	5.48	5.83	6.66	6.86	7.42	7.79	6.73	6.88	8.73
33	South Africa	6.80	7.90	7.17	6.76	6.63	6.27	6.25	7.82	7.98	7.46	7.41	8.32
34	Austria	6.48	6.53	7.20	6.96	7.33	7.49	7.72	9.04	8.17	7.24	7.20	8.16
35	Malaysia	1.16	1.33	1.72	2.11	2.75	3.88	4.96	6.07	6.75	7.18	6.93	8.05
36	People's Republic of China	0.93	1.12	1.39	1.55	1.84	2.41	2.46	4.15	5.83	6.64	6.57	7.95
37	Israel	4.52	4.75	4.86	5.74	7.04	8.09	8.70	8.45	8.98	7.69	7.46	7.93
38	Bosnia and Herzegovina					5.37	0.85	3.64	4.19	5.50	5.44	6.24	7.83
39	Ireland	7.27	6.66	7.61	7.47	8.59	9.06	10.76	10.67	8.67	7.62	7.87	7.75
40	Bahamas	3.13	4.03	3.66	3.17	4.09	4.13	4.77	4.73	5.22	5.83	5.87	7.72
41	New Zealand	4.71	5.32	5.24	5.78	6.45	6.48	7.50	8.13	6.97	6.76	6.45	7.67
42	Slovenia					6.77	7.07	7.06	7.72	7.54	6.21	6.58	7.47
43	Slovakia	8.53	9.11	11.20	10.54	10.35	7.69	6.83	6.92	6.37	5.43	5.56	6.99
44	Belarus					9.80	5.59	5.22	5.69	6.27	5.55	5.59	6.80
45	Greece	2.81	3.73	4.64	5.43	6.81	7.24	8.14	8.66	7.50	5.97	5.85	6.50
46	Bulgaria	7.48	8.41	9.60	9.17	8.55	6.27	5.16	6.07	6.00	6.09	5.68	6.34
47	Republic of Cyprus	2.83	3.28	5.09	5.14	6.79	7.83	9.14	9.62	8.87	6.97	7.39	6.28
47	Serbia Montenegro					6.16	4.34	5.29	6.65	6.29	6.27	6.44	6.28
49	Mongolia				6.12	5.88	4.45	3.74	4.35	5.21	5.74	5.93	6.26
50	Antigua and Barbuda					3.35			3.17		6.25		6.23
51	Spain Andorra	3.44	4.33	4.90	4.45	5.15	5.75	6.87	7.64	5.63	5.32	5.14	5.95
52	Italy San Marino Vatican city	5.35	5.72	6.30	6.04	6.87	7.06	7.38	7.84	6.55	5.43	5.37	5.82
53	Denmark	11.17	10.40	12.31	11.94	9.92	11.16	9.52	8.95	8.52	5.62	5.84	5.76
54	United Kingdom	11.11	10.25	10.13	9.61	9.60	8.86	8.84	8.80	7.60	6.04	5.65	5.59
55	Hungary	5.81	6.66	7.72	7.54	6.34	5.45	5.22	5.42	4.71	4.34	4.48	5.38
56	Portugal	1.65	1.96	2.41	2.37	3.79	4.71	5.62	5.85	4.50	4.54	4.59	5.11
57	Turkey	1.15	1.49	1.61	1.90	2.34	2.58	3.13	3.15	3.67	4.12	4.33	5.09
58	Chile	2.16	1.64	1.92	1.62	2.23	2.58	3.16	3.34	4.01	4.50	4.67	5.01
58	Lithuania					8.71	3.70	2.92	3.75	3.98	3.63	3.75	5.01
60	France Monaco	8.07	7.85	8.25	6.21	5.94	5.78	5.99	5.89	5.25	4.39	4.38	4.96
61	Switzerland Liechtenstein	6.14	5.74	6.15	6.39	6.00	5.84	5.79	5.88	5.51	4.51	4.53	4.79
62	Iraq	1.01	1.33	1.92	2.44	3.00	4.71	2.99	2.71	3.38	3.61	3.76	4.78
63	Argentina	3.39	3.27	3.39	2.89	3.04	3.35	3.76	3.82	4.22	4.39	4.35	4.70
64	Croatia					4.25	3.17	3.79	4.48	4.13	3.69	3.80	4.67
65	Ukraine					13.27	7.68	6.00	6.16	5.81	4.16	4.39	4.47
65	Sweden	10.13	9.65	8.80	6.99	6.09	6.45	5.86	5.44	4.91	3.79	3.83	4.47
67	St. Kitts and Nevis					0.84			1.30		4.37		4.37
68	Lebanon	1.95	2.22	2.55	2.47	2.04	4.22	4.33	3.63	4.20	3.89	3.86	4.20
69	Romania	5.60	6.60	7.97	7.69	7.25	5.18	3.84	4.35	3.69	3.51	3.45	4.09
70	Thailand	0.43	0.50	0.71	0.81	1.43	2.35	2.42	3.06	3.32	3.61	3.55	4.06
71	Latvia					7.05	3.58	2.89	3.39	3.86	3.46	3.47	4.05
72	Suriname							3.08	3.31	3.22	3.74	3.42	3.96
73	Algeria	0.58	0.81	1.43	1.86	1.98	1.92	1.97	2.33	2.65	3.27	3.14	3.94
74	North Macedonia					4.30	4.19	4.19	4.33	4.02	3.43	3.32	3.87
75	Mexico	1.75	2.21	2.91	3.06	2.95	3.08	3.57	3.85	3.86	3.66	3.64	3.79
76	Venezuela	3.85	4.20	5.43	4.86	4.71	4.78	4.75	5.14	5.91	4.51	4.03	3.71
77	Azerbaijan					7.47	4.21	3.39	3.46	2.60	3.19	3.22	3.50
78	Malta	2.16	2.14	3.13	3.45	6.54	6.31	5.46	6.49	6.22	3.81	3.10	3.49
79	Mauritius	0.31	0.47	0.59	0.60	1.10	1.38	2.05	2.41	2.93	3.14	3.20	3.46
80	Botswana				1.26	2.04	2.03	2.33	2.31	1.62	3.20	3.09	3.19
80	Gabon	0.79	1.17	1.77	2.03	0.96	1.21	1.19	1.24	1.62	1.68	1.69	3.19
82	Uzbekistan					5.60	4.15	4.62	4.10	3.42	2.83	2.68	3.15
83	Panama	1.59	1.78	1.47	1.20	1.04	1.49	1.61	2.03	2.43	2.69	2.52	2.82
83	Tunisia	0.72	0.86	1.24	1.32	1.48	1.54	1.82	1.93	2.19	2.27	2.21	2.82
85	Vietnam	0.37	0.35	0.28	0.30	0.26	0.38	0.57	0.96	1.45	1.84	2.02	2.81
86	Georgia					6.97	1.72	1.05	0.97	1.27	2.26	2.37	2.79
87	Jamaica	2.91	3.67	3.03	2.00	2.99	3.32	3.69	3.75	2.46	2.44	2.51	2.74
88	Grenada					0.78			1.22		2.62		2.66
89	Jordan	0.75	1.04	1.82	2.58	2.58	2.67	2.79	3.14	2.62	2.60	2.52	2.63
89	Ecuador	0.56	0.85	1.31	1.29	1.30	1.46	1.44	1.74	2.15	2.28	2.14	2.63
91	Egypt	0.56	0.65	0.92	1.28	1.36	1.28	1.43	1.88	2.10	2.13	2.14	2.52
91	Egypt					0.23			4.45		2.96		2.52
93	Guyana					0.45			0.97		2.17		2.45
94	Cuba	2.35	2.56	3.10	3.19	3.22	2.06	2.45	2.22	2.60	2.34	2.03	2.40
95	Brazil	0.90	1.20	1.39	1.15	1.23	1.40	1.67	1.66	1.88	2.19	2.01	2.37
96	Dominican Republic	0.75	1.01	1.09	0.96	1.03	1.42	2.06	1.88	1.92	2.04	2.10	2.31
97	Republic of Moldova					8.26	3.24	1.80	2.17	2.22	2.13	2.17	2.13
98	Indonesia	0.21	0.29	0.46	0.51	0.74	1.04	1.21	1.41	1.49	1.76	1.74	2.09
99	St. Lucia					0.55			0.97		2.05		2.08
100	Bolivia	0.47	0.64	0.75	0.69	0.75	0.91	0.85	0.99	1.38	1.70	1.86	2.03
101	Uruguay	1.81	1.89	1.83	1.00	1.16	1.36	1.53	1.55	1.77	1.86	1.84	2.00
102	Armenia					5.61	1.05	1.12	1.39	1.41	1.61	1.67	1.97
102	Maldives					0.29			1.51		1.96		1.97
104	India	0.32	0.35	0.38	0.48	0.61	0.73	0.84	0.94	1.28	1.55	1.57	1.94
105	Morocco	0.40	0.54	0.68	0.72	0.79	0.96	1.02	1.29	1.43	1.59	1.57	1.89
105	Bhutan					0.39			0.78		1.57		1.89
107	Cape Verde					0.14			0.48		1.65		1.87
108	Colombia	1.18	1.14	1.26	1.27	1.34	1.45	1.34	1.24	1.31	1.62	1.77	1.82
109	Costa Rica	0.67	0.83	0.90	0.71	0.84	1.27	1.15	1.28	1.46	1.44	1.54	1.78
110	Peru	1.12	1.20	1.18	0.92	0.88	0.97	1.02	1.04	1.40	1.56	1.62	1.76
111	Namibia						1.08	1.00	1.23	1.41	1.57	1.64	1.74
111	Dominica					0.46			0.76		1.72		1.74
113	St. Vincent and the Grenadines					0.36			0.87		1.63		1.67
114	Kyrgyzstan					5.18	0.98	0.91	0.95	1.11	1.66	1.53	1.65
115	Albania	1.77	1.80	2.55	2.34	1.73	0.58	1.00	1.27	1.35	1.33	1.28	1.64
116	Syria	0.83	1.10	1.38	1.84	2.19	2.17	2.26	2.92	2.69	1.39	1.42	1.58
117	Fiji	0.52	0.55	0.67	0.87	0.92	1.07	1.07	1.66	1.50	1.56	1.55	1.44
118	Philippines	0.65	0.71	0.69	0.54	0.61	0.82	0.87	0.83	0.82	1.02	1.11	1.39
119	Republic of the Congo	0.41	0.38	0.38	0.36	0.26	0.19	0.15	0.23	0.42	0.54	0.52	1.31
120	El Salvador	0.35	0.46	0.35	0.33	0.40	0.82	0.88	1.04	0.95	1.02	1.07	1.23
120	North Korea	4.67	4.83	6.19	6.86	5.76	3.50	3.05	3.15	2.00	0.89	1.00	1.23
122	Guatemala	0.39	0.47	0.58	0.39	0.35	0.56	0.74	0.81	0.70	0.93	0.98	1.19
123	Belize					1.00			1.55		1.23		1.18
124	Sri Lanka	0.22	0.20	0.25	0.22	0.22	0.30	0.56	0.69	0.62	0.93	0.99	1.14
125	Tonga					0.68			1.19		1.08		1.12
126	Honduras	0.40	0.42	0.46	0.39	0.44	0.63	0.69	0.97	0.92	1.03	1.00	1.10
127	Paraguay	0.23	0.25	0.42	0.39	0.46	0.73	0.62	0.60	0.75	0.86	0.95	1.09
128	Djibouti					1.87			1.88		1.00		1.08
129	Nicaragua	0.60	0.66	0.56	0.49	0.44	0.55	0.71	0.75	0.75	0.84	0.86	1.00
130	Pakistan	0.27	0.30	0.31	0.40	0.52	0.65	0.68	0.75	0.76	0.80	0.79	0.98
130	Angola	0.23	0.26	0.30	0.27	0.32	0.27	0.28	0.31	0.65	0.71	0.68	0.98
132	Swaziland					0.70			1.39		0.87		0.88
133	Zimbabwe	1.35	1.17	1.11	1.12	1.60	1.33	1.09	0.79	0.66	0.75	0.64	0.77
134	Sao Tome and Principe					0.41			0.37		0.74		0.72
135	Mauritania					0.34			0.93		0.64		0.71
136	Ghana	0.22	0.24	0.20	0.17	0.17	0.19	0.26	0.30	0.43	0.51	0.45	0.68
137	Cambodia						0.14	0.16	0.20	0.32	0.52	0.59	0.67
137	Samoa					0.79			0.67		0.65		0.67
139	Senegal	0.28	0.33	0.37	0.33	0.28	0.28	0.36	0.41	0.42	0.50	0.53	0.66
139	Benin	0.10	0.14	0.11	0.11	0.05	0.04	0.21	0.34	0.50	0.50	0.52	0.66
141	Tajikistan					2.09	0.43	0.35	0.34	0.30	0.49	0.55	0.65
142	Myanmar	0.17	0.13	0.15	0.15	0.10	0.16	0.20	0.22	0.16	0.36	0.40	0.61
143	Cameroon	0.11	0.14	0.19	0.24	0.23	0.18	0.18	0.17	0.25	0.26	0.26	0.59
144	Nigeria	0.10	0.17	0.35	0.38	0.30	0.30	0.36	0.41	0.35	0.46	0.46	0.56
144	Bangladesh	0.04	0.06	0.08	0.08	0.11	0.14	0.16	0.22	0.33	0.44	0.45	0.56
144	Ivory Coast	0.44	0.46	0.41	0.30	0.22	0.22	0.38	0.32	0.31	0.42	0.44	0.56
147	Laos					0.05			0.18		0.38		0.52
148	Papua New Guinea	0.13	0.18	0.25	0.32	0.35	0.47	0.50	0.56	0.46	0.46	0.47	0.47
149	Yemen	0.19	0.26	0.43	0.49	0.52	0.62	0.75	0.92	0.95	0.42	0.33	0.41
149	Kenya	0.28	0.26	0.27	0.23	0.24	0.21	0.25	0.21	0.27	0.30	0.32	0.41
151	Sudan	0.22	0.20	0.19	0.18	0.20	0.15	0.16	0.25	0.34	0.40	0.48	0.39
152	Togo	0.16	0.13	0.14	0.09	0.15	0.14	0.19	0.17	0.32	0.25	0.26	0.37
153	Nepal	0.02	0.02	0.04	0.03	0.05	0.08	0.13	0.12	0.15	0.20	0.29	0.35
154	Haiti	0.08	0.08	0.11	0.13	0.13	0.12	0.16	0.21	0.21	0.30	0.30	0.33
155	Mozambique	0.31	0.23	0.20	0.12	0.08	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.10	0.18	0.25	0.32
155	Lesotho					0.06			0.09		0.32		0.32
157	Zambia	0.78	0.87	0.56	0.39	0.32	0.22	0.16	0.18	0.12	0.21	0.22	0.29
157	Afghanistan					0.21			0.04		0.29		0.29
157	Vanuatu					0.89			0.30		0.29		0.29
160	Gambia					0.16			0.16		0.26		0.28
161	Kiribati					0.28			0.35		0.27		0.27
162	Liberia					0.20			0.15		0.24		0.26
163	Comoros					0.12			0.19		0.24		0.25
164	Tanzania	0.09	0.08	0.07	0.07	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.13	0.13	0.22	0.19	0.23
164	Guinea					0.18			0.12		0.21		0.23
164	Guinea-Bissau					0.19			0.21		0.21		0.23
167	East Timor					0.17			0.27		0.23		0.22
168	Solomon Islands					0.43			0.40		0.21		0.21
169	Myanmar					0.04			0.08		0.17		0.19
169	Sierra Leone					0.17			0.09		0.17		0.19
171	Eritrea						0.25	0.18	0.15	0.11	0.12	0.12	0.17
171	Madagascar					0.06			0.12		0.16		0.17
173	Ethiopia	0.05	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.05	0.04	0.05	0.06	0.07	0.10	0.11	0.16
174	Uganda					0.04			0.06		0.12		0.12
175	Niger							0.06	0.05	0.08	0.10	0.09	0.10
175	Central African Republic					0.05			0.06		0.10		0.10
177	Malawi					0.05			0.11		0.08		0.09
177	Rwanda					0.07			0.08		0.08		0.09
179	Mali					0.05			0.04		0.05		0.06
179	Somalia					0.09			0.07		0.06		0.06
181	Chad					0.05			0.04		0.05		0.05
182	Democratic Republic of Congo	0.13	0.11	0.12	0.11	0.09	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.04	0.03	0.03
182	Burundi					0.04			0.04		0.03		0.03
	Curacao	90.15	60.33	50.15	24.58	14.10	13.23	26.77	27.16	19.11	29.59	25.92	52.14
	Gibraltar	2.64	2.39	3.34	3.22	5.10	9.68	11.73	13.09	15.30	17.34	18.99	19.62
	Republic of China (Taiwan)	2.00	2.53	4.01	3.59	5.49	7.28	9.77	11.19	11.05	10.71	10.98	12.01
	Hong Kong	2.28	2.44	2.89	4.09	5.84	5.93	6.05	6.07	5.98	6.01	6.09	6.10
	Kosovo							3.00	3.89	4.90	4.78	5.00
	Palestine	0.31	0.34	0.37	0.33	0.34	0.41	0.44	0.77	0.59	0.60	0.62
	South Sudan										0.17	0.14
	Anguilla					0.73			1.08		1.92		1.90
	Aruba					4.78			4.70		9.20		9.34
	Bermuda					5.51			4.36		6.91		7.21
	British Virgin Islands					1.60			1.36		4.94		4.82
	Cayman Islands					5.94			3.87		8.22		8.14
	Cook Islands					2.33			2.97		2.26		2.41
	Greenland					0.06			11.08		9.18		9.35
	New Caledonia					9.56			10.54		18.69		26.22
	Puerto Rico					0.59			0.60		0.76		0.87
	Turks and Caicos Islands					0.61			0.21		4.81		4.73
	Western Sahara					0.66			0.52		0.48		0.50
-	rest of Africa	0.12	0.13	0.15	0.11	0.11	0.11	0.12	0.12	0.14	0.15	0.15
-	rest of Asia	0.38	0.42	0.54	0.34	0.31	0.30	0.32	0.37	0.47	0.68	0.93
-	rest of America	3.13	4.03	3.66	3.17	4.09	4.13	4.77	4.73	5.22	5.83	5.87
-	Soviet Union	7.98	9.82	11.12	11.15
-	Yugoslavia	3.09	3.54	3.87	5.28
Rank 2018	country	'71	'75	'80	'85	'90	'95	'00	'05	'10	'15	'16	'18
		Years 1971–1995						Years 2000-2018

Distortion from export and import

It should be noted that the CO ₂ emissions that occur on the national territory are allocated to each country . If goods and services are traded internationally for the production of which greenhouse gases were emitted, these are assigned to the country of the producer and not that of the consumer. For example, around 33% of China's emissions are for export and not for domestic consumption. A study from 2011 examined this bias in statistics caused by trade globally for the period 1990 to 2008 and calculated emission values ​​on the basis of consumption and not production. It came to the conclusion that the CO ₂ emissions of developed countries increased by 7% in terms of consumption over the examined period, although production-related surveys show a decrease of 2%.

The per capita values ​​show that particularly rich countries with little industry such as B. Singapore, Belgium, Ireland, Luxembourg and Switzerland, have significantly higher emission values, namely sometimes twice as much. In an international comparison, they do much worse. It should be noted that the upheavals caused by the global economic and financial crisis from 2007 onwards have not been fully incorporated into these surveys.

The specific emissions can vary significantly depending on the allocation principle. Depending on the methodology, emissions can be attributed, for example, to the country in which the consumers use a good, the country of manufacture in which the good was manufactured, or the country that mined and sold the fossil fuels with which the good was produced.

CO ₂ emissions in tons of CO ₂ per person and year according to the production and consumption principle, provided that both values ​​are known (1990–2016):

	1990		2000		2010		2016
country	production	consumption	production	consumption	production	consumption	production	consumption
Luxembourg	30.9	30.9	19.9	16.5	22.0	48.4	15.6	41.2
Qatar	24.6	21.6	58.4	25.6	40.4	30.4	46.2	33.2
United Arab Emirates	27.8	30.0	35.4	34.4	19.1	24.1	25.2	27.1
Kuwait	24.2	21.9	26.0	12.2	29.8	25.2	25.5	22.7
Brunei	23.9	12.4	13.8	6.3	20.7	14.7	23.5	22.6
Singapore	14.7	22.5	12.5	30.3	11.0	22.8	11.2	21.9
Saudi Arabia	11.4	9.0	14.3	7.8	18.9	17.8	19.6	19.3
United States	20.3	20.2	21.3	22.2	18.5	19.6	16.5	17.7
Hong Kong	4.7	13.5	6.0	15.9	5.8	13.1	5.9	16.5
Canada	16.8	17.2	18.6	19.0	16.3	17.4	15.4	15.8
Belgium	12.0	14.7	12.3	18.4	10.4	17.8	8.8	15.6
Australia	16.3	13.8	18.4	14.4	18.4	17.5	17.1	15.6
Oman	6.2	6.3	9.6	7.3	15.4	13.2	14.6	15.4
Switzerland	6.6	11.9	6.1	14.3	5.8	13.9	4.7	14.3
Bahrain	25.0	22.3	28.0	18.3	23.4	17.0	24.0	14.1
Estonia	23.7	20.3	11.0	12.5	14.3	13.2	13.3	13.3
Trinidad and Tobago	13.9	10.8	18.7	12.5	36.0	17.1	30.1	13.1
Kazakhstan	16.1	10.6	8.9	5.7	14.4	9.1	15.5	12.9
Finland	11.4	13.9	11.0	13.7	11.9	15.7	8.7	12.6
South Korea	5.8	7.4	9.4	10.6	11.4	12.6	11.7	12.5
Republic of China (Taiwan)	6.0	8.2	9.9	11.6	11.6	12.2	11.2	11.3
Malta	5.3	7.3	6.5	10.4	6.2	11.9	3.3	11.1
Japan	9.3	10.5	9.9	11.9	9.4	11.0	9.4	11.1
Germany	12.8	14.7	11.1	13.0	10.3	12.2	9.8	10.8
Austria	8.1	10.7	8.2	11.4	8.6	11.6	7.7	10.5
Israel	8.0	10.7	9.9	11.1	9.2	11.2	8.0	10.1
Czech Republic	15.9	15.8	12.3	11.8	11.2	11.4	10.0	10.0
Russia	17.4	16.7	10.2	8.4	11.6	9.6	11.6	9.6
Norway	8.4	8.9	9.4	7.0	9.4	10.5	8.4	9.3
Denmark	10.4	11.2	10.2	11.8	8.9	11.3	6.5	9.2
Ireland	9.2	11.5	11.7	14.3	9.0	10.4	8.4	9.1
Netherlands	10.9	14.0	10.8	12.4	10.9	11.0	9.7	9.0
Mongolia	4.5	4.2	3.1	2.9	5.1	5.4	9.5	8.7
Slovakia	11.7	14.5	7.7	8.2	7.1	9.2	6.2	8.6
United Kingdom	10.5	11.5	9.6	11.6	8.1	10.8	6.1	8.5
New Zealand	7.5	7.9	8.4	9.2	8.0	8.5	7.4	8.4
Malaysia	3.1	3.6	5.4	4.9	7.7	7.0	8.1	8.3
Slovenia	7.5	7.7	7.8	9.1	8.0	10.1	6.9	8.0
Lithuania	9.7	11.5	3.4	4.8	4.4	6.7	4.5	7.9
Poland	9.9	9.5	8.2	7.4	8.7	8.3	8.4	7.8
Italy	7.7	9.7	8.2	10.1	7.1	9.6	5.9	7.7
Belarus	10.2	2.8	5.6	5.8	6.7	6.7	6.4	7.2
Sweden	6.7	9.2	6.2	9.1	5.6	9.1	4.3	7.1
Iran	3.7	3.2	5.6	4.3	7.6	7.4	7.9	7.1
France	7.1	8.6	7.1	8.9	6.3	8.3	5.4	6.9
Republic of Cyprus	6.1	7.6	7.5	9.5	7.2	11.7	6.2	6.6
Hungary	7.1	8.5	5.7	6.9	5.2	7.1	4.9	6.6
Latvia	7.4	8.6	3.0	4.6	4.1	6.2	3.7	6.5
People's Republic of China	2.1	2.0	2.6	2.3	6.3	5.5	6.9	6.3
Spain	5.9	6.7	7.6	8.1	6.1	7.4	5.6	6.2
South Africa	8.3	5.5	8.3	5.5	9.2	6.5	8.4	6.0
Botswana	2.0	2.0	2.2	5.7	2.3	2.9	3.2	6.0
Turkey	2.7	4.0	3.6	4.0	4.4	5.1	5.1	5.7
Greece	8.1	9.4	9.2	9.9	8.5	8.6	6.4	5.7
Bulgaria	8.9	6.5	5.7	5.2	6.5	5.8	6.4	5.4
Ukraine	13.7	7.6	5.7	3.9	6.4	5.4	5.3	5.4
Portugal	4.6	5.4	6.4	7.7	5.0	6.2	4.8	5.3
Chile	2.5	2.4	3.8	3.7	4.2	4.3	4.8	5.2
world	4.2	4.2	4.0	4.0	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.8
Panama	1.1	1.0	1.9	2.0	2.5	6.3	2.5	4.7
Argentina	3.4	3.2	3.8	3.5	4.5	4.3	4.7	4.7
Venezuela	6.1	4.3	6.2	1.8	6.5	5.7	5.3	4.7
Thailand	1.6	1.9	2.8	2.7	4.2	4.0	4.7	4.5
Croatia	4.9	4.3	4.5	4.7	4.9	5.8	4.3	4.5
Azerbaijan	8.7	5.7	3.6	3.4	3.4	3.4	4.1	4.3
Mexico	3.7	3.7	3.9	4.2	4.0	4.2	4.0	4.1
Romania	7.3	7.1	4.2	3.9	4.1	4.4	3.8	3.7
Jordan	2.9	4.8	3.0	3.4	2.9	3.9	2.3	3.4
Ecuador	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.7	2.4	2.9	2.4	2.9
Namibia	0.0		0.9	3.1	1.4	2.0	1.6	2.6
Brazil	1.4	1.6	1.8	2.0	2.1	2.4	2.3	2.5
Egypt	1.3	1.5	2.0	2.1	2.4	2.4	2.2	2.4
Peru	1.0	1.0	1.2	1.3	1.9	2.1	2.1	2.3
Vietnam	0.3	0.3	0.7	0.6	1.5	1.8	2.1	2.2
Mauritius	1.4	2.6	2.3	3.9	3.1	4.0	3.2	2.2
Colombia	1.7	1.8	1.4	1.5	1.6	1.8	1.8	2.1
Uruguay	1.3	1.6	1.6	2.5	1.9	3.0	2.0	2.0
Indonesia	0.8	0.8	1.3	1.2	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.9
Morocco	0.9	1.3	1.2	1.4	1.7	1.9	1.7	1.8
India	0.7	0.7	1.0	0.9	1.4	1.3	1.8	1.7
Kyrgyzstan	0.0	3.2	0.9	1.0	1.2	2.2	1.7	1.6
Sri Lanka	0.2	0.4	0.5	0.8	0.6	1.0	1.1	1.6
Georgia	3.2	2.0	1.0	1.1	1.5	1.9	2.5	1.6
Philippines	0.7	0.9	0.9	1.2	0.9	1.1	1.2	1.4
Costa Rica	0.9	1.6	1.4	2.6	1.6	2.6	1.8	1.3
Jamaica	3.1	2.9	3.9	3.0	2.6	2.7	2.7	1.1
Pakistan	0.6	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.9	1.0	1.0	1.1
Tunisia	1.6	1.7	2.0	2.2	2.5	2.4	2.4	1.0
Laos	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.5	0.3	1.0
Albania	1.7	1.7	1.0	1.2	1.6	2.1	2.1	1.0
Cambodia	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.7	0.5	1.0
Armenia	1.9	1.4	1.1	1.3	1.5	1.9	2.0	0.9
Dominican Republic	1.3	1.4	2.3	3.0	2.1	2.4	2.0	0.9
Paraguay	0.5	0.8	0.7	1.0	0.8	1.4	0.9	0.8
Togo	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.7	0.4	0.7
Bangladesh	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.7
El Salvador	0.5	0.7	1.0	1.4	1.0	1.4	1.1	0.6
Nepal	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.3	0.5
Honduras	0.5	0.6	0.8	1.2	1.0	1.2	1.2	0.5
Guatemala	0.5	0.7	0.8	1.1	0.8	1.1	1.3	0.5
Bolivia	0.8	0.8	1.3	1.2	1.5	1.4	1.9	0.5
Benin	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.5	0.8	0.6	0.4
Ghana	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.6	0.5	0.4
Zambia	0.3	0.4	0.2	0.4	0.2	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mozambique	0.1	0.3	0.1	0.3	0.1	0.4	0.3	0.4
Nicaragua	0.5	0.7	0.7	0.9	0.8	1.0	0.9	0.4
Senegal	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.3
Kenya	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3
Nigeria	0.4	0.3	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.3
Zimbabwe	1.5	2.0	1.1	0.8	0.5	0.7	0.6	0.3
Ivory Coast	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.2
Tanzania	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.2
Cameroon	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.2
Malawi	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1
Ethiopia	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uganda	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1
Madagascar	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1
Burkina Faso	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1
Guinea	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.0
Rwanda	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.0

Hints

CO ₂ is just one of several greenhouse gases. For a complete overview, other gases such as methane , fluorocarbons and nitrous oxide are important, which also have a significantly higher global warming potential than CO ₂ .

See also

• List of major carbon dioxide emitters
• List of the largest greenhouse gas emitters
• List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions
• List of supporting companies according to greenhouse gas emissions

Remarks

1. ↑ Average value from Equatorial Guinea , Burkina Faso , Burundi , Djibouti , Gambia , Guinea , Guinea-Bissau , Cape Verde , Comoros , Lesotho , Liberia , Madagascar , Malawi , Mali , Mauritania , Rwanda , São Tomé and Príncipe , Seychelles , Sierra Leone , Somalia , Swaziland , Chad , Uganda and Central African Republic .
2. ↑ Average of Afghanistan , Bhutan , Laos and East Timor .
3. ↑ Average value for Barbados , Bahamas , Belize , Guyana , St. Kitts and Nevis , St. Vincent and the Grenadines .

proof

1. ↑ United Nations Reports its Greenhouse Gas Emissions on Journey Towards Climate Neutrality. UNEP , June 21, 2013, accessed November 11, 2013.
2. ↑ Concrete goals. Climate Alliance, accessed on November 9, 2013.
3. ↑ The energy transition in the electricity sector: State of the art 2016 ( Memento from January 9, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 1.2 MB), Agora-Energiewende, January 2017, calculated with a German population of 82.8 million.
4. ↑ More people than ever live in Germany. In: Die Welt , accessed on January 27, 2017, accessed on January 27, 2017.
5. ↑ European comparison of greenhouse gas emissions. (No longer available online.) In: Umweltbundesamt.de. Federal Environment Agency, September 8, 2013, archived from the original on September 29, 2013 ; accessed on November 5, 2019 . 
6. ↑ Carbon dioxide emissions (CO2), metric tons of CO2 per capita (UNFCCC). Data from 1990 to 2010 for some countries, UN Millennium Development Goals Indicators, Goal 7: “Ensure environmental sustainability”, accessed on October 23, 2013.
7. ↑ greenhouse gases viewer. European Environment Agency, accessed October 22, 2013.
8. ^ United Nations Statistics Division.
9. ↑ UN Statistics Division: Millennium Development Goals Database
10. ↑ Julia Merlot: UN conference in Katowice: Who is the number one climate sinner? In: Spiegel Online . December 13, 2018 ( spiegel.de [accessed January 27, 2019]).
11. ↑ EU publications: Fossil CO2 and GHG emissions of all world countries, 2019 report Study. Accessed October 30, 2019.
12. ^ CL Weber, GP Peters, D. Guan, K. Hubacek: The Contribution of Chinese Exports to Climate Change ( Memento of July 22, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF file; 83 kB). In: iioa.org, June 25, 2008, accessed November 5, 2019.
13. ↑ Growth in emission transfers via international trade from 1990 to 2008. In: pnas.org, accessed on November 5, 2019.
14. ↑ CO2 emissions including retail per capita. In: linkednumbers.wordpress.com, accessed November 5, 2019.
15. ↑ Global responsibility. University of Graz , November 23, 2015.
16. ↑ How do CO2 emissions compare when we adjust for trade? In: ourworldindata.org. Retrieved October 10, 2019 .