St. Josef (Berlin-Koepenick)
| Parish Church of St. Joseph | |
|---|---|
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| address | Berlin-Köpenick, Lindenstrasse 43 |
| builder |
Maurer Thieme, architect Paul Franke |
| Denomination | Roman Catholic |
| local community | St. Joseph |
| Current usage | Parish church |
| building | |
| start of building | 1898 |
| inauguration | May 25, 1899 |
| Renewals | multiple u. a. 1910, 1937, 1957-1968, 1990s |
| style | Neo-Gothic |
| Dimensions | Tower: square base area 5 m × 5 m. Nave: length: 20 m, width: 10 m |
St. Josef in the Berlin district of Köpenick is a Catholic parish church in the Deanery Berlin Treptow-Köpenick , which is in the Dammvorstadt . When it opened in 1899, the church was dedicated to St. Consecrated to Joseph . It stands since the 1980s under monument protection . From 2020 the parish of St. Josef will be merged with other Catholic churches from the Treptow-Köpenick district to form the St. Josef parish .
History of the Catholics in Köpenick
At the confluence of the Dahme and Spree rivers, the first castle complex was built on the Coepenick Castle Island in the 14th century . In the area mainly farmers and craftsmen settled, the village of Coepenick emerged , which developed into a small town in the Teltow / Mark district . The first industry developed here in the 19th century and factory workers moved nearby. Most of the newcomers were Catholics and around 1850 formed a community with around 150 members. Between 1855 and 1884 there were now monthly services and communion lessons in the house of the Köpenick businessman Gerhard Schmidt (Schloßallee 2). In 1857 he had turned the upper floor into a small chapel .
Cöpenick parish 1719 to the end of the 19th century
St. Josef is the oldest parish on the Oberspree and from 1719 was provided pastoral care by Berlin Dominicans . The first holy mass , which was regularly celebrated there, was celebrated by the missionary vicar Eduard Müller from the St. Hedwigs congregation in Berlin on December 26, 1852 in a room of the Peters wheat beer brewery at Schloßstraße 27.
The Catholic parish in Coepenick (spelling since 1930: Köpenick ) was assigned to the Catholic mission parish of Fürstenwalde in the second half of the 19th century, whose pastor was Pastor Rieger. Towards the end of the 19th century, the number of Catholics rose to around 3,000 due to the rapidly expanding industry and the military stationed in Köpenick and the related immigration from Poland and Silesia .
Until the completion of his own church building, Pastor Langer (from Fürstenwalde) founded the “first Catholic private school in Coepnick” in the existing building on Lindenstrasse, which had been converted into a provisional rectory.
Thereafter, fortnightly Sunday services were held there between 1890 and 1899. From 1894/1895 the commissioned pastors also gave Catholic religious instruction in the places “Kalkberge / Rüdersdorf” (from August 1894), “Schenkendorf bei Königs Wusterhausen” (from November 1, 1894) and Erkner (from Easter 1895). The parish of Fürstenwalde was a wide field (2500 km²), which included Köpenick, Adlershof , Rüdersdorf , Königs Wusterhausen and Erkner.
Köpenick was raised to an independent parish on May 2, 1896 and is therefore the mother church of later Berlin parishes.
Origin of the church building
Preliminary work
In 1884, the church council purchased a plot of land at Lindenstrasse 11 including the country house on it near the dam bridge , which connects the old town of Köpenick and the expansion areas to the west. (The house numbers were later changed so that the property has had the number 43 since the middle of the 20th century.)
The community commissioned the Berlin architect and master builder Paul Franke with the first plans for a church building. The construction drawings submitted in 1894 then served as the basis for applying for a building permit from Prince-Bishop Georg Cardinal Kopp , who issued it on June 4, 1895. But this approval was not enough for the state authorities of the German Reich, they demanded proof from the parish that the estimated construction cost of around 55,000 marks (adjusted for purchasing power in today's currency: around 392,000 euros) could be raised without any problems.
A church building association founded in 1890 had raised 11,000 marks in donations by then, but this was not enough for the officials. The church council therefore expanded its activities and was able to raise larger amounts from the Bonifatiusvereine in Breslau , Münster , Cologne and Freiburg im Breisgau , as well as submit guarantees from wealthy Cöpenick citizens. In addition, donation concerts, a lottery and the sale of donation cards took place.
Nevertheless, this process dragged on for months and years until the royal government in Potsdam finally granted the state license (concession) to build a new Catholic church on the banks of the Dahme on July 2, 1897 . This decision was followed on 24 November 1897, the building safety approval of the city Cöpenick.
Immediate construction work
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The architect refined his building plans and added the construction of a new rectory instead of the old country house. For both of them he chose the brick neo-Gothic style that was widespread at the time . He was entrusted with the construction management and on October 4, 1897 the groundbreaking ceremony was held with a high mass.
It was important that because of the proximity to the bank of the Dahme and because the ground consisted of sand, peat and bog , the church had to be built on 435 wooden posts. The oak planks made of commissioned Köpenicker city master carpenter Martin in bundles of about nine to ten diagonally into the ground and the top with a wreath of a meter thick cement concrete shed.
The laying of the foundation stone took place on May 8, 1898 in the presence of the prince-bishop's delegate for Brandenburg and Pomerania from the diocese of Breslau, Provost Karl Neuber from the Berlin St-Hedwigs community . However, the stone did not get into the building site, but was marked with the date and visibly walled into the triumphal arch next to the chancel (see picture).
During the construction work, further construction money had to be collected diligently, for which purpose advertisements were placed in local newspapers and other printing works and postcards were sold. In addition to the “bare” buildings, it was also a question of appropriate interior fittings such as altars, benches and liturgical devices .
The following year, on May 25, 1899, on the solemnity of the Annunciation , Provost Karl Neuber consecrated the church. It was placed under the patronage of St. Joseph . Numerous guests of honor from politics, from various parishes, from business and from Berlin and the suburbs at that time took part in the celebration. 60 selected guests celebrated the consecration of the church with a subsequent gala dinner in the Köpenick Restaurant Kaiserhof .
From the consecration until May 1945
Church life
In 1899 a second clergyman was hired who, among other things, took over other church services in parish branches, such as in the Neurahnsdorf sanatorium , in Oberschöneweide and, for a short time, in Rudow . Both pastors also continued to teach religion in the various Catholic communities, for example from November 10, 1900 in Grünau and from the end of 1901 in Altglienicke . To further strengthen the Christian missionary work, the Cöpenick congregation appointed three Sisters of Charity from the Congregation of St. Borromeo , for whom the Grunersche Villa in Annenallee was purchased and prepared as accommodation.
In 1900 the Joseph parish was assigned to the Archipresbytery of the city of Charlottenburg .
At the beginning of the 20th century, so many Catholics had settled in all branch areas that separations were made from Köpenick, first in Friedrichshagen and Oberschöneweide, all the others named above followed gradually.
In 1912 Cardinal Kopp celebrated his golden jubilee as a priest , which he also took as an opportunity to honor the services of Pastor Christoph Karst in building up the Köpenick community by making him archbishop ad hon. appointed. Karst himself celebrated his 25th anniversary as a priest in January 1914 with a high mass. In the same year the Venerable Sisters' own chapel in their home was completed and was inaugurated on August 9, 1912.
During the First World War , numerous members of the Catholic community lost their lives for whom funeral services or war devotions were held. In addition, Köpenick officially became a garrison town in 1916 , and Pastor Karst also conducted 14-day military services for members of the Catholic Church.
In the 1920s, inflation also influenced church life in St. Josef: in particular, the burial costs had risen “immeasurably”, so that communal cremation associations were very popular. As a counter-development, the Berlin parishes (now united in the Greater Berlin community ) founded the aid organization of Greater Berlin Parishes and the pay-as-you-go funeral association and were thus able to offer affordable funerals to the poor. - The church associations had hardly any income from membership fees because of the devaluation of money, the salaries of the pastor and chaplain had to be cut. To get out of the economic misery, the Köpenick Catholics joined the General Association of Catholic Communities in Greater Berlin on April 1, 1923 .
From 1933 onwards, the political upheaval was noticeable in the St. Josefsgemeinde: supporters of National Socialism marched up in the district and also appeared in the church.
During the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin, the rowing competitions took place in the Grünau district of Greater Berlin's Köpenick district. The 20 or so athletes of the Catholic faith who had come to attend had brought their Franciscan Father P. Jaimes with them - he was able to give sermons in English on three Sundays in St. Joseph's Church. However, the local pastor noted with regret that the hoped-for donations for the church coffin had not been made.
After pastors Langer and Christoph Karst , Alfred Kionka took over the office of pastor in the Köpenick parish in 1930, followed by Emil Hoffmann in 1936. During the time of National Socialism he showed great courage, because at the request of the bishop he accepted the chaplain Bruno Schliep, who had been released from the concentration camp , into the community. Together they rendered crucial services to the church during World War II by removing incendiary bombs from the attic with their own hands. Bans, restrictions and not least the Second World War influenced community life and even threatened to wipe it out completely. Only the pastoral sacraments were preserved, and religious instruction took place disguised as “pastoral care lessons”.
Church and parish accommodation
A carved high altar in the Gothic style was part of the initial furnishing of the church, erected in 1901 and also called the Marienaltar after its most important representation . The Köpenick community had it made at the Schweppenstede art workshop in Wiedenbrück .
Because there are usually valuable devotional objects in a church, it did not take long for thieves to break into the church. In the course of a few break-ins, they stole, among other things, several metal candlesticks, an aspergil and an incense boat .
The new rectory was built after the former house was demolished, also under the direction of the architect Franke, executed by master mason Albert Pförtner from Adlershof. It was also given an “artificial foundation”, that is, it was founded on stakes.
The two-story brick building is also kept in the Gothic style . The facade is decorated with glazed colored bricks. The building is emphasized by a gabled side riser and a round corner tower facing the street.
The rectory was inaugurated on February 3, 1909, and the construction costs amounted to 45,000 marks (adjusted for purchasing power in today's currency: around 265,000 euros). With a large community room (conference room) it now offered space for the growing number of Christian activities, also for the church associations such as the workers' association, a rosary association, a center association or the Vincenz association (for the "care of endangered and neglected young people and boys") . The rectory soon became a focal point for parishioners to find comfort and protection in times and aftermaths of the First World War.
In the church building, the equipment such as the heating and electrical lighting had to be renewed, but above all modernized, in the 1910s. Finally, further expenses had to be planned: the hydraulic engineering department asked the parish to urgently repair “the screed work” on the church property. A sum of money had already been collected for such repairs (before the inflation with a value of 1500 marks), which the "inflation had swept away". The Catholic Association was able to help, which made the money available with the instruction "that the congregation also do what it can".
The roof of the church tower was now defective, so it had to be replaced in 1925.
For the interior, the congregation commissioned a second altar from the former Schweppenstede company ; the Sacred Heart Altar was inaugurated in 1929 and cost 1,000 marks.
In 1935 the rectory underwent a thorough renovation.
At the instigation of Pastor Hoffmann, a second thorough renovation of the church took place in 1937. For an amount of 23,000 marks were
- the church and tower roofs completely re-covered with slate, carried out by the Köpenick master roofer Fritz Kunkel,
- the plaster outside and inside renewed,
- several wooden beams replaced,
- new electric lighting installed,
- replaces the previous hot water heating with hot air heating,
- the wooden ceiling and the painting in the nave have been refreshed.
When it was cleared, the Marian altar was moved back because the Sacred Heart Altar was not put back up (“its style in no way corresponded to the Marian altar”) and the pulpit was also moved.
During the Second World War, the church building suffered severe damage from bomb hits and air mines , especially splintered windows and doors, the roofs of the tower and the nave broke, so it rained inside. At Christmas 1943/1944 there was even a blanket of snow on the altar. In spite of this, or perhaps because of it, many believers had come to prayer and Pastor Hoffmann gave a short, heartfelt sermon.
1945–1990
Church life
After the end of the war, it was the Venerable Sisters in Köpenick who first restored their chapel in Annenallee so that the “first prayer for peace” could be held here.
The parish of St. Josef now had 4,500 members again, also due to the influx of numerous expellees from the former German eastern regions; they came to terms with the new political situation in the Soviet occupation zone and in the GDR .
With the construction of the Berlin Wall , the community grew closer together, family groups were founded and the religious children's week was introduced. Following the recommendations of the Second Vatican Council (1962 to 1965) and the resolutions of the Berlin Bishops' Conference (1974), a parish council was also founded in Köpenick .
In 1984 Franz Scholz became the new pastor and held this office until the end of March 2013.
A voluntary church choir was founded, followed by a group of lecturers and cantors. A new challenge for the community was at the time of the political change in 1989. The community members had to reorient themselves socially, politically and ecclesiastically.
Church building and rectory
In May 1945 the remaining parishioners managed to provisionally restore their church up to the top of the church tower. The roofs could be closed, instead of the windows glass bottles were installed and in the upper area of the altar windows the company Puhl und Wagner installed ventilation flaps, adorned with colored representations of the seven holy sacraments . The high church tower was not rebuilt, but closed with a shortened gable roof. The bells hadn't been destroyed.
The parsonage was also badly damaged by the war. It was also repaired after the work on and in the church had been completed.
On January 7, 1962, the congregation lost the Marien Altar, it “burned completely overnight” because a Christmas crib had gone up in flames.
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Between 1957 and 1968 the church was again extensively renovated. Taking into account the liturgical reform adopted in 1963, the interior space was simplified, particularly with regard to sacramentals and church art.
The temporary bottle windows were replaced in 1958 by three lead-glazed colored windows in a modern design in the apse depicting scenes from the life of Jesus and Saint Joseph. They come from the workshop of the artist Gerhard Olbrich .
Since 1990
Church building
During the extensive restoration and renovation work on the façades and the interior between 1993 and 1999, which was headed by the architect Martin Stachat , the wooden ceiling, the altar , the ambo , the chairs and the floor were replaced and a modern heating system was installed. The original neo-Gothic character, however, was largely sought again. The interior was given a new, restrained color scheme. The community considered having the spire rebuilt.
Church life
Social commitment has always been one of the tasks of the community that runs the St. Josef Stift, a daycare center. In addition, there are numerous discussion groups and circles with opportunities to meet and impart faith.
The closure of large companies due to the social upheavals in the community at the beginning of the 1990s was not easy. A revival of the church association structures such as the formation of the Kolping Family and the Catholic Women's Community as well as the Catholic Workers' Movement and the Federation of German Catholic Youth provided a certain countermeasure.
During the repair and renovation work on the church in the 1990s, the services were held in the nearby Protestant St. Laurentius Church .
In the summer of 1999, the Catholic St. Josef Community in Köpenick celebrated a week of festivities (29 May to 6 June) on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the church consecration. There were concerts, an exhibition on history, performances by five church choirs and masses.
In 2003 there was a merger with the Catholic parish of St. Franziskus in the Köpenick district of Friedrichshagen . This originally emerged from the Köpenick parish at the beginning of the 20th century.
Due to further economic pressure on the congregations in the pastoral area Treptow-Köpenick , the pastoral committee decided in May 2019 that the congregations Christ the King , St. Antonius and St. Josef will merge into a large parish on January 1, 2020 . It will be named St. Joseph and the church building described here will become the parish church . A leading pastor to be determined will take his seat in the existing rectory.
architecture
Exterior church building
The church building , a brick building with white grouting, is a hall church with a choir closed on three sides ( 3 ⁄ 8 end ) in the neo-Gothic style . The apse side faces the Dahme and is decorated with an ornamental gable as an extension of the inner triumphal arch . During the repair work in the 1990s, the gable roof was given a new slate covering . Dormers are arranged symmetrically over the sloping roof on both sides .
To absorb the construction loads, stubby buttresses are anchored to the sides of the building.
Church tower and bells
The height of the tower from the ground to the top was originally 41.40 meters. The architect had planned a meter higher, which the building authorities curtailed when they issued the building permit. A severe autumn storm in 1972 brought the top of the tower down. It was not rebuilt. Only the gable roof was restored. For a long time, the church officials discussed the question of whether the tower should be rebuilt in its original form. This will probably no longer be possible for static reasons.
Including the ridge , the tower is now only 23.20 meters high and was covered with copper sheets during the last repair work. The meter-high metal cross rises in the middle of the roof ridge as a symbol that can be seen from afar.
Despite its reduced height, the west tower dominates the view of the church from the street side. In the square stump of the church tower (floor plan: 5 m × 5 m) a staircase leads directly to the bell chamber . This room has long, high sound openings on all four sides.
A gabled round arch portal forms the main entrance to the church at the base of the tower.
Nestled against the base of the tower is a single-storey quarter-round building with the stairs to the gallery on the southwest side.
The bell cage with a square base (side length: 3.72 m) houses the three-part bell . The middle bell is hung above the small and large bells. On the shoulders of the cast steel bells is the inscription Bochumer Verein, Bochum, 1898 ; they were cast by the Bochumer Verein for the consecration of the church . They are moved by an electric bell and are tuned in the minor triad d ', f', a '. The production of all three bells including accessories such as clapper, axles, bearings and chime levers cost 4085 marks. They are moved on patent bearings ; In 1985 the bearings had to be renewed.
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| Bell jar | Chime | Weight (kg) |
lower diameter ( mm) |
Height (mm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| greatest | d | 1359 | 1490 | 1315 |
| middle | f | 837 | 1260 | 1120 |
| smallest | as | 617 | 1124 | 1105 |
inner space
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Crossing and main room
The crossing under the church tower also represents the entrance area into the church interior and is separated from the main nave with all-glass doors. The nave is closed with a barrel vault .
Sanctuary
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The former high altar in the center of the choir, dismantled as a result of the liturgical reform, was replaced by an altar made of dark-stained natural wood on behalf of the parish . It shows the people of God in broad outline . In addition, an ambo (made of the same wood as the altar) as well as a simple baptismal font and a tabernacle now form the interior of the sanctuary. The candlesticks placed on the floor are also appropriately formed from coarse woods.
Baptismal font and window
The column for the baptismal font - like the ambo, altar hall and the tabernacle in the southern chapel - is made of dark-stained natural-colored wood, whose differently clear geometry reflects the idea of the Trinity . The front doors of the tabernacle cabinet seem to enclose and protect the holy of holies or to open it.
The previous altar windows were lost at the end of World War II. After a longer provisional arrangement, glass paintings by Gerd Olbrich could be used in 1958.
The windows in the main nave are three-lane, also colorful, pointed arch windows , five on each long side. A frame made of dark clinker bricks overdraws the pointed arch shape towards the interior.
Pulpit and gallery
On the parapets of the wooden organ loft are carved figures from the previously existing in the church altar attached. Confessionals are located under the gallery on both sides of the entrance area , decorated with the carved panels of the Way of the Cross . They were given this place in 1937 on the recommendation of the Berlin sculptor Hans Lottermann .
Floor, heating, lighting
In 1993, craftsmen laid a new floor to replace the previous parquet. A stone mosaic in several shades of gray, designed in collaboration with the painter Siegfried Schütze, captures the play of light and shadow inside the church. The corridor widens towards the choir and the tones of the tiles are lighter. The barrel vault bears a ceiling that is divided in the shape of a cassette in the transverse direction . Modern point light sources of various lengths are suspended above the side corridors in front of the windows.
organ
On the gallery is the 1973 as Opus 1992 by the company Sauer (Frankfurt / Oder) built the organ with mechanical play and stop action . She has the following disposition :
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- Coupling : II / I, I / P, II / P
- Playing aids: swell kick (II)
Pastor
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_Emil_Josef_Hoffmann.jpg)
The following pastors were active in the Cöpenick parish and the later St. Josef Church:
- from the 1860s to 1882: Rev. Langer from Fürstenwalde,
- August 24, 1882–1930: Christoph Karst ,
- 1930–1935: Alfred Kionka
Kaplan Alfred Kionka from Ratibor was in 1911 at the Curate of Stettin as III. Chaplain was appointed, then he performed his pastoral service as a pastor at the Catholic Church Maria Magdalena in Prenzlau. Here he worked until 1930.
In 1930 Kionka took over the vacant position of pastor in the St. Josefs-Gemeinde Köpenick, - 1936–1957: Emil Joseph Hoffmann, previously active in the Werderaner church Maria Meeresstern , led the community politically unadjusted through the Nazi era ,
- 1958–1983: Heinrich Foerster until his retirement,
- 1983–2013: Franz Scholz until his retirement,
- since March 1, 2014: Mathias Laminski, is involved in refugee care, among other things.
Most of them were assisted by chaplains or sextons who also lived in the rectory.
literature
- The architectural and art monuments in the GDR, capital Berlin ; II; Edited by the Institute for Monument Preservation at Henschelverlag; Berlin 1987, p. 296.
- Church chronicle Sankt Johannes Baptist, Fürstenwalde .
- Timeline. 100 years of St. Josef, Berlin-Köpenick . Ed. Parish Office St. Josef, author: a three-person ABM team, 1999, 248 pp.
Web links
- Homepage of St. Josef .
- History of the community .
- Pictures and information from the restoration 1992–1994 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Church window, Catholic in Köpenick . Parish letter, July / August 2019, p. 3.
- ↑ Book Chronicle ..., pp. 3–5, 18.
- ↑ a b c d e Sankt Josef, Berlin-Köpenick . Issue on the occasion of the 100th anniversary. Published by the Kathol. Church of St. Joseph, without a year
- ↑ a b c Book Chronicle…, pp. 3–5, 7.
- ↑ Book Chronicle, ..., p. 7.
- ↑ a b c Book Chronicle ..., p. 12.
- ↑ Book Chronicle, p. 18: Certificate for laying the foundation stone with detailed text.
- ↑ Book Chronicle ..., p. 17.
- ↑ a b Book Chronicle…, p. 20; P. 27.
- ↑ a b Book Chronicle ..., p. 46/47.
- ↑ Article in the Germania magazine about the 25th anniversary of the priesthood of Christoph Karst; Facsimile in the chronicle book.
- ↑ Book Chronicle ..., p. 46.
- ↑ Book Chronicle ..., p. 53 f.
- ↑ a b Book Chronicle…, p. 64 f.
- ↑ Book Chronicle ..., p. 100.
- ↑ Book Chronicle, picture p. 21 and texts p. 28 and 79.
- ^ Porter, Alfred; Construction business, Roonstrasse 17a . In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1924, 1, p. 2270 (At the same address there is also an architect with the surname gatekeeper. From this it can be concluded that two brothers worked closely together here.).
- ↑ a b Dehio: Handbook of the German Art Monuments. Berlin . Deutscher Kunstverlag 2006, p. 542.
- ↑ Book Chronicle, ..., pp. 41/42.
- ↑ Book Chronicle ..., p. 67.
- ↑ Book Chronicle ..., p. 70.
- ↑ Book Chronicle ..., pp. 110/111.
- ↑ a b c d Book Chronicle ..., pp. 112/113.
- ↑ Book Chronicle, p. 125.
- ↑ a b Homepage Gerhard Olbrich , accessed on July 17, 2019.
- ↑ Preparatory materials and photos of the festival week available in the parish office, viewed in September 2018.
- ↑ Parish letter church window May / June (2015), pp. 3, 4 (PDF): Pros and cons of rebuilding the spire. Retrieved May 6, 2015.
- ↑ Glockenspiel von St. Josef on youtube.com, accessed on September 21, 2018.
- ↑ Compilation of the bells delivered to Berlin and the surrounding area ; Bochum Association, around 1900. In the archive of the Köpenick Church of St. Josef, viewed on August 6, 2019.
- ↑ Organ in St. Josef at www.musik-in-st-josef.de, accessed on April 20, 2015.
- ↑ Personal-Nachrichten: in Schlesisches Pastoralblatt No. 17 (1911) , p. 168.
- ↑ Personal news in: Schlesisches Pastoralblatt No. 4 (1918), p. 47.
- ↑ Prenzlauer Stadtlexikon , work of the Uckermärkisches Geschichtsverein, Volume 7, p. 95.
- ↑ Werner Kerkloh: Prayer and celebration belong together here. St. Josef parish in Berlin-Köpenick is celebrating the 100th anniversary of its church with a festival week . In: Kirchenzeitung , No. 21/98; accessed on March 24, 2015.
- ↑ Markus Nowak: Brandenburger with a Brazilian calling - Pastor Laminski , in: Christina Bustorf (Ed.), Archdiocese of Berlin: Faces and Stories , Vol. 2, Leipzig 2015; Pp. 148–152 , accessed on September 23, 2018.
- ↑ Example from 1940: Köpenick> Lindenstrasse 43> Pastor EJ Hoffmann, Chaplain V. Kalarzynski . In: Berlin address book , 1940, IV.
Coordinates: 52 ° 26 ′ 58.5 " N , 13 ° 34 ′ 23.8" E