Tiefwerder

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Tiefwerder refers to a location and a Werder der Havel in the Berlin district of Spandau . While the village Tiefwerder and the neighboring South Harbor Spandau to the district Spandau include the surrounding forests, meadows and water areas include the Werder the hamlet Wilhelmstadt .

There was an early Slavic settlement on Faulen See until the 13th century . The village of Tiefwerder was established as a colonist village in 1815 when descendants of the Spandauer Kietz fishermen were relocated to the Werder. Much of the historic houses along the village road is maintained and is available as a complete ensemble colonists settlement Tiefwerder under monument protection . The building at Dorfstrasse  5 from 1895, in which the Ballhaus Spandau has been located since the 1920s , is also a listed building. The Tiefwerder waterworks from 1914 supplies six Berlin districts with drinking water .

In the south and east bordering conservation area Tiefwerder meadows to the local situation. The area traversed by oxbow lakes of the Havel is the last natural floodplain and pike spawning area in Berlin with great importance for species protection . It contains wet meadows , remains of alluvial forests and reed beds with natural land-water transitions. Due to the numerous watercourses and settlements on the ditches, Tiefwerder is also known as the “Little Venice of Spandau”.

Kleiner Jürgengraben at the end of the village street

geography

Location and definition of Tiefwerder

Tiefwerder is originally a field name . The first written mention can be found in 1674/1675 as aufm Tiefwerder . The addition “ low” was given to the field name Werder to distinguish it from the adjacent Pichelswerder to the south , the high east side of which forms a foothill of the Teltow plateau . The field name was transferred to the village founded in 1816.

Spandau Spree S-Bahnhof Stresow Havel Havel Schanzenwald Murellenberge Spandauer Vorortbahn Ballhaus Spandau Südhafen Kolonistensiedlung Tiefwerder Wilhelmstadt Frühslawische Siedlung Havelchaussee Havelchaussee NSG Murellenschlucht und Schanzenwald Wasserwerk Tiefwerder Siedlung Birkenwäldchen LSG Tiefwerder Wiesen Teltower Schanze Grimnitzsee Freybrücke Herrstraße Herrstraße Stößensee Stößensee Westend Pichelsdorf Stößenseedamm Havelstudios Stößenseebrücke Pichelswerder Rupenhorn Am Rupenhorn Britischer Soldatenfriedhof Klubhaus Siemens-Werder Berlin-GrunewaldMap of Tiefwerder in Berlin.png
About this picture

The entire Tiefwerder area lies between the Havel and the Havelchaussee . The northern and southern borders are unclear. The Tiefwerder location belonging to Spandau includes the old village center and its later developments between the Spandau Südhafen, which is an oxbow lake created by straightening the river, and the Kleiner and Großer Jürgengraben. Occasionally the southern port of Spandau is added to the local situation. While the location to the north originally extended as far as the Tiefwerderbrücke, today parts further north up to the Stresow are often included.

The map (around 1910) shows the former lowland area around the village. The Tiefwerder meadows that remain today lie between Tiefwerder and Pichelswerder

With the overall name Tiefwerder, the lowlands of the Werder, which belong to Wilhelmstadt, are added. These include the freedom meadows north-east of the village, which are now heaped up, the area around the Lazy Lake and the unmarked island south of the village between Tiefwerder and Pichelswerder on the adjacent map from 1894. Today the island is the last remaining floodplain and the center of the nature reserve Tiefwerder Wiesen. The central meadow area is connected to the village by a footbridge over the Kleiner Jürgengraben.

Mapping as "lifeworld oriented space" (LOR)

In 2006, the planning departments of the Senate , the districts and the Office for Statistics Berlin-Brandenburg voted on the basis of the social spaces already defined by the youth welfare service , so-called " lifeworld oriented spaces " (LOR). The LOR were set on August 1, 2006 "by Senate resolution as a new spatial basis for planning, forecasting and monitoring demographic and social developments in Berlin." In its mapping from 2008, the Statistical Office summarizes the Tiefwerder habitat (area 27 in Spandau ) very far and, beyond the village and the Werder, includes the entire northern area up to the Ruhlebener Straße / Charlottenburger Chaussee street in the Tiefwerder habitat .

This article describes Tiefwerder in the delimitation of the LOR system with the exception of the northwest corner between Havel and Ruhlebener Straße, as this corner is part of the historical and also today's Stresow area . The northeast corner of the area Elsgrabenweg / Ruhlebener street / Teltow road refers this article, according to the LOR-mapping, has, even if part of the historical Gutsbezirks Grunewald Forest or from 1914 the Gutsbezirks military road in Teltow was while Tiefwerder the district Osthavelland belonged . Because this part of the manor district came to Spandau in 1920 when Greater Berlin was formed and today, like the Werder lowland, administratively belongs to the Wilhelmstadt district. The article describes Tiefwerder within the following limits:

In the east, the Spandauer Vorortbahn forms the border with the Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf district , the old town of Spandau is around 1.8 kilometers to the northwest. With the Dorfstraße there is only one street in the central area of ​​Tiefwerder around the old village center, which can only be reached from the north.

Geomorphology and natural space

Ice Age coinage

→ Main article: Landscape protection area Tiefwerder Wiesen

Tiefwerder is located in the southern area where the Spree flows into the Havel. The Spree valley runs in the glacial glacial Berlin glacial valley , which is made up of mighty sands that can be more than 20 meters thick. In its course, the Havel follows a glacial channel and crosses the glacial valley without using it over a longer distance. Separated from the Havelchaussee and the S-Bahn -Wall, the Schanzenwald joins in the east, which also belongs to the valley sand area of ​​the Spreeniederung. The Schanzenwald merges into the Murellenberge and forms with them the nature reserve Murellenschlucht and Schanzenwald . The hilly area of compression and terminal moraines belongs to the northwest edge of the Teltow plateau .

Tiefwerder meadows

The Tiefwerder Wiesen are the last remaining natural floodplain and pike spawning area in Berlin with great importance for species protection and contain wet meadows , remains of alluvial forests and reeds with natural land-water crossings. Originally the area crossed by the arms of the Havel also today encompassed raised areas such as the freedom meadows.

Tiefwerder meadows

The biotope and landscape function of the nature reserve Tiefwerder Wiesen (also known as pike-spawning meadows ) depends crucially on its flood dynamics . Factors such as the reduction of the Spree tributaries in Lusatia or the deepening of the Havel have led to a lowering of the Havel water level since 1990 and to a dramatic deterioration in this dynamic, so that access to the spawning meadows for pike is only possible in some years. The flood dynamics are threatened by the traffic project 'German Unity' 17 (VDE No. 17), which will lead to a further lowering of the water level. If the project is implemented, the state of Berlin wants to enforce the artificial irrigation of the Tiefwerder meadows with Havel water and fish ladders through a compensatory measure . The State of Berlin has been examining the extension of the protection status to a nature reserve since 2007 .

→ Main article: Landscape protection area Tiefwerder Wiesen

history

Early Slavic settlement on the Lazy Lake

Havelaltarm Fauler See, formerly Wirchen-See

An early Slavic settlement existed on the east bank of the silting Faulen See, the remainder of a Havelal arm, until the first half of the 13th century . Archaeological finds from 1962 - fragments of vessels, according to Adriaan von Müller of the Prague type - indicate a settlement between the 6th and 8th centuries. If the dating of the 6th century is given priority, the village would have been laid out in the course of the first Slavic settlement wave in the Havelland and would therefore be older than the central Slavic settlement chamber of the Spandau area on the Havel island under the castle wall .

The settlement was on what is now the Tiefwerder waterworks site . The Faule See was called Wirchen-See until the 19th century and Winfried Schich suspects that the lake name is borrowed from the village name. Analogous to the village Ferch near Potsdam , the name would be etymologically derived from Slavic verch / virch = height, elevation - here based on the neighboring Teltow slopes. In 1704 the Spandau Wirchow hereditary registry records the field names : "[...] bit behind Pichelstorff at the Scharpelancke and Wirchow." (Scharpelancke = Scharfe Lanke ) The same is probably also hidden in Jürgengraben , which was still known as Würgengraben in the 19th century Surname.

Fishing village 1816

Relocation of the Spandau Kietzers to Tiefwerder

Listed colonial house from 1816 at Dorfstrasse 23
Pedestrian bridge over the Kleiner Jürgengraben in the village of Tiefwerder

After the founding of the Mark Brandenburg by the Ascanian Albrecht the Bear in 1157 and the subsequent medieval settlement in the east , the Slavic population of the Spandau area was largely assimilated by German immigrants . However, a service settlement near Spandau Castle remained occupied by Slavic monks. The Wends on the Kytze doselbst before Spanndow had 25 houses in 1375 and had extensive fishing rights on the Havel and Spree, but no civil rights . They had to do court service at the castle eight days a year. In the course of the expansion of the citadel , the Kietz was abandoned in 1559 and the Kietz were relocated to the castle wall. During the siege of Spandau by Russian troops in the Wars of Liberation in 1813, the French division general and governor Bruny had the suburbs evacuated and burned down, including the apartments of the heretics' descendants on the ramparts. The former Kietz had to be resettled again and came as colonists (since from the city of Spandau to Brandenburg) to Tiefwerder. The evening edition of the Berliner Tageblatt reported slightly differently on March 3, 1916 under the heading Centenary in Tiefwerder :

“When in the years 1560 to 1594 by Rochus v. Lynar the old castle was expanded into a citadel, the Kietz had to leave their previous residence and were settled on Pichelsdorfer Weg, opposite the castle wall, an ancient turning hill, separated from it by a navigable arm of water. However, the old fishing community also had to give way to this 'new Kietz' when Prussia expanded the Spandau fortifications as planned in 1816; it got a new home on the Tiefwerder, a long, narrow island between the Havel and the Faulen See, north of the Pichelswerder. After the 're-establishment' of the fishermen was approved by the ministries on November 2, 1815, the individual properties were assigned to them on April 25, 1816. The development took place in the years 1818 to 1820 with the support of the government. "

- Centenary in Tiefwerder, Berliner Tageblatt, March 3, 1916

The village was founded in 1816. Until the 20th century, the main occupation of the inhabitants was almost exclusively fishing . In the 2000s, the Tiefwerder-Pichelsdorf fishing association formed one of the most influential fisheries organizations in the region, guarding over 1,682 hectares in the state of Berlin  and over 3847 hectares of fishing waters in the state of Brandenburg.

Architectural monuments on the Tiefwerder

Pedunculate oak natural monument at the end of the village street

Fifteen colonist houses on Dorfstrasse have been preserved and are listed as a monument as a whole as a whole colonist settlement Tiefwerder (settlement and village complex) . A pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) at the end of the village street on the embankment of the Kleiner Jürgengraben is a natural monument . The approximately 200 year old tree has a height of 15 to 20 meters, a crown diameter of around 20 meters and a trunk circumference of 2.50 to 3 meters.

The house at Dorfstrasse 5, which was built by master bricklayer Karl Schüler around 1895 and which soon established itself as a dance hall and, as Ballhaus Spandau, attracted Berliners from all parts of the town, is also listed. Today's discotheque is one of the oldest discotheques in the world and advertises itself as the oldest rock discotheque in Europe, which exists continuously in the same place, i.e. without moving. In the time of National Socialism , the NSDAP used the restaurant as a conference and event location. Further architectural monuments in the Tiefwerder area are the two tenement houses of the machine manufacturer Wilhelm Beeken in Teltower Straße 16-18 from 1914. Furthermore, the little preserved remnant of the Teltower Schanze (also Teltower Brück Schanze ) in the corner of Havelchaussee / Elsgrabenweg is listed (Schanze, Graben , Cavity protection space and fortifications). The ski jump was built between 1855 and 1866 by the Prussian military administration on the former Elsgraben and was part of the Stresow fortification, which, like the Havelschanze , was part of the ring of fortifications around the old town of Spandau and the citadel. The military use of the Reduit building , which gave the Schanzenwald its name, ended in 1903.

South harbor and waterworks

Südhafen Spandau, Havel, Schulenburgbrücke

In 1908 the city of Spandau expanded the southern harbor at Tiefwerder. At the same time, she had the Havel straightened so that a flood-free island was created between the Havelaltarm - today known as the Unterhafen Spandau - and the regulated river. The port facilities on the island were connected to the Schulenburg Bridge and the Stresow in the north with a heaped dam . A port railway connected the port facilities with the Berlin light rail in Ruhleben. Mainly English gas coal from Hamburg, rolled iron , building materials and sugar beet were handled . The inland port quickly lost its importance because it was unable to cope with the competition between Berlin's west port and Spandau north port . Today the Berliner Hafen- und Lagerhausgesellschaft (BEHALA) operates the 17 hectare port area. The area is heavily contaminated due to the storage of liquid petroleum products after the Second World War . Since 1990, the BEHALA high and underground tanks, buildings and seals is building partially returned and restored the damaged areas.

The renovation is not only necessary to protect the Tiefwerder meadows. The eastern groundwater outflow of the southern port is on the edge of the Tiefwerder water protection area (narrower water protection zone II) and the extraction well of the waterworks is only around 550 meters away. The Tiefwerder waterworks is located between the Havelaltarm Hohler Weg and the Havelchaussee and went into operation in 1914. The client was the private Charlottenburger Wasser- und Industriewerke AG. In 1945 the waterworks became the property of the city. The Berliner Wasserbetriebe plant now supplies six of the twelve Berlin districts with drinking water . 55 vertical wells with depths of 30 to 100 meters convey a maximum of 100,000 m³ of water per day.

Allotment garden colonies and Little Venice

Settlement on the Great Jürgengraben

The original floodplain of the Tiefwerder Meadows has been increasingly narrowed since the beginning of the 20th century by landfills and settlement construction. From 1914 onwards, the drinking water production of the waterworks led to a lowering of the groundwater level, so that allotment garden colonies and weekend houses could be built south of the village and along some ditches . The freedom meadows to the north were filled with rubble after the Second World War.

The area to the south and east of the old village center, traversed by watercourses, is also called "Little Venice". In addition to the Großer and Kleiner Jürgengraben, this area also includes parts of the Tiefwerder meadows and their waters, the Hauptgraben and Hohler Weg. Residents and those seeking relaxation can sometimes only get around here by boat. In 2005, the Spandau Nature Conservation Office gave notice to sixty tenants who held allotment garden plots on land owned by the state in the nature reserve for the renaturation of the land. Since then, most of the parcels have been cleared and their arbours dismantled , but in 2008 the Court of Justice ruled that some allotment gardeners who had sued against the termination were right.

GDR enclave

Like parts of the ice cellar , a small part of the Tiefwerder Wiesen formed an enclave of the GDR in West Berlin . It belonged to the Brandenburg town of Seeburg , which borders on Spandau and is now part of the municipality of Dallgow-Döberitz . The British , in whose sector the area was located, rejected a claim to sovereignty by the GDR, but recognized the status insofar as they instructed the West Berlin authorities to ensure security and order, but not to be officially active in the area become. The unclear status was tacitly corrected in a protocol note on the last territory swap agreements in 1988. Both sides declared that since then they have no longer had any enclaves in the other territory.

Statistical data

Separate data on population development in Tiefwerder are only very limited.

Population development 1910 to 1935

Until it was incorporated into Greater Berlin in 1920, Tiefwerder was an independent rural community in the Osthavelland district and at that time comprised an area of ​​30 hectares. In the 1910 census , the place had 854 inhabitants.

Population development in Tiefwerder from 1910 to 1935
  1816     1910     1919     1925     1930     1935  
  Residents   Colonist families
(number unknown) 		854 804 835 1,508 818

After 1935, the population of Tiefwerder was no longer recorded separately. However, it can be considered certain that the current location, which includes new settlements on the Freiheitswiesen and in the northeast, has significantly more inhabitants than in the 1930s. The Spandau voting district 303, which almost exactly covers the area described here with Dorfstraße, Elsgrabenweg and Teltower Straße as well as with parts of Ruhlebener Straße, Havelchaussee and Tiefwerderweg, offers an indication of the current population. In 2006 there were 972 voters in this electoral district in the election for the Berlin House of Representatives .

Voting behavior

Reichstag election results 1932/1933

The fact that the NSDAP used the Ballhaus Spandau as a conference and event location ( see above ) does not mean that Tiefwerder was a stronghold of National Socialism . In the Reichstag elections in July 1932 , November 1932 and March 1933 the share of the votes of the NSDAP in Tiefwerder (together with Pichelsdorf and Pichelswerder) remained well below the Spandau average (27.3% to 34.9% Spandau in total to 37.4% German Rich total / 27.9% to 33.2% to 33.1% / 38.5% to 41.6% to 43.9%). In contrast, the SPD and KPD each won above average. In the referendum in November 1933 on leaving the League of Nations , the yes-vote quota of 89.2% was the second lowest of the 15 Spandau districts. Siemensstadt was the highest with 94.9%, the Spandau average was 91.2% yes-votes.

House election 2006

In comparison to the entire Spandau district and Berlin as a whole , the 972 eligible voters of the 303 district voted in the House of Representatives election on September 17, 2006 as follows; the district 303 largely represents Tiefwerder (see above):

Election to the House of Representatives in Berlin 2006, second votes in%
  SPD     CDU   left Green   FDP   Gray ones   NPD    WASG 
District 303 35.7 26.8 03.9 11.6 9.5 5.0 2.0 2.5
  Spandau as a whole   33.4 31.2 03.8 08.3 8.5 6.4 1.9 2.3
Berlin as a whole 30.8 21.3 13.4 13.1 7.6 3.8 2.6 2.9

literature

  • Ernst Friedel : Christmas customs in Pichelsdorf and Tiefwerder near Spandau. In: Brandenburgia , 6, 1897/98.
  • Wolfgang Ribbe (Ed.): History of Berlin . Publication of the Historical Commission in Berlin: 1st volume. Verlag CH Beck, Munich 1987, ISBN 3-406-31591-7 .
  • Landscape protection area Tiefwerder Wiesen . In: Senate Department for Urban Development Berlin: Berlin of course! Nature conservation and NATURA 2000 areas in Berlin. Verlag Natur & Text, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-9810058-3-7 , pp. 114–119.
  • Hans-Jürgen Rach: The villages in Berlin . Stapp-Verlag, Berlin 1988, ISBN 978-3-87776-211-0 , chapter: Tiefwerder , p. 347/348.
  • Norbert Ritter: Berliner Wanderbuch I. 15 walks through northern Berlin. Stapp-Verlag, Berlin 1989. Chapter: Spandau and Tiefwerder , pp. 135–151. ISBN 978-3-87776-027-7 .
  • Wolfgang Ribbe (Ed.): Slavic castle, state fortress, industrial center. Studies on the history of the city and district of Spandau. Colloquium-Verlag, Berlin 1983, ISBN 3-7678-0593-6 .

Web links

Commons : Tiefwerder  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Commons : Südhafen Spandau  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Reinhard E. Fischer : The place names of the states of Brandenburg and Berlin , Volume 13 of the Brandenburg Historical Studies on behalf of the Brandenburg Historical Commission, be.bra Wissenschaft verlag, Berlin-Brandenburg 2005, p. 169 ISBN 3-937233-30-X , ISSN  1860-2436 .
  2. ↑ Senate Department for Urban Development Basic data on urban development, lifeworld oriented spaces (LOR) in Berlin, planning principles.
  3. ^ Office for Statistics Berlin-Brandenburg: Environmentally-oriented spaces in the regional reference system of the State of Berlin 2008 Key and name directory as well as maps of the lifeworld-oriented forecasting spaces, district regions and planning spaces (LOR)  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF) Potsdam, Berlin 2008. See map on p. 17, area 27 = Tiefwerder.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de  
  4. ↑ Office for Statistics Berlin-Brandenburg: Address directory lifeworld-oriented spaces in the regional reference system of the State of Berlin 2008 key and name index as well as maps of lifeworld-oriented forecasting spaces, district regions and planning spaces (LOR) ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info : The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 340 kB) Potsdam / Berlin 2008. To include the northeast corner in the Elsgrabenweg / Ruhlebener Strasse / Teltower Strasse area, see, for example, Elsgraben p. 12, allocation to Wilhelmstadt and area 27 = Tiefwerder. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de
  5. ^ Landscape protection area Tiefwerder Wiesen . In: Senate Administration ... (see literature).
  6. ↑ Berlin House of Representatives: Communication - for information - Complete the German Unity Transport Project 17 quickly and in a qualified manner. Design the expansion of the Havel and Spree in a way that is compatible with nature and the city. Interim report. 16th electoral period, printed matter 16/2145, February 19, 2009. daniel-buchholz.de  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 39 kB)@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.daniel-buchholz.de  
  7. ↑ a b c Winfried Schich : The emergence of the medieval city of Spandau . In: Slavic castle, state fortress, industrial center. Investigations ... , p. 90.
  8. ↑ Eberhard Bohm: The last 150 years of the Hevellian Alt-Spandau . In: Slavic castle, state fortress, industrial center. Investigations ... p. 25.
    Eberhard Bohm: The early history of the Berlin area . In: Geschichte Berlins ..., p. 62 with note 29, p. 86.
  9. ↑ Reinhard E. Fischer: The place names of the states of Brandenburg and Berlin , Volume 13 of the Brandenburg Historical Studies on behalf of the Brandenburg Historical Commission, be.bra Wissenschaft, Berlin-Brandenburg 2005, p. 54 to Ferch ISBN 3-937233-30-X , ISSN  1860-2436 .
  10. ↑ Inheritance register of the Spandau office from 1704. Rep. 2, 1. Dom.Reg. Amt Sp. Subject 4 No. 2, fol. 47. Information from: Gerhard Schlimpert: Brandenburgisches Namenbuch, Part 3, Die Ortnames des Teltow , Hermann Böhlaus Nachf., Weimar 1972, p. 238, note 259; P. 341. (However, Schlimpert interprets Wirchow as (“possibly”) the old name of the Pichelsdorf mountain.)
  11. ↑ Winfried Schich: The emergence of the medieval city of Spandau . In: Slavic castle, state fortress, industrial center. Investigations ... , pp. 86f, 118.
  12. ↑ Felix Escher : Spandau in the shadow of the fortress . In: Slavic castle, state fortress, industrial center. Investigations ... , pp. 169, 173, 204.
  13. ↑ Wolfgang Ribbe: Spandau in the age of industrialization . In: Slavic castle, state fortress, industrial center. Investigations ... p. 250.
  14. ↑ Centenary in Tiefwerder . In: Berliner Tageblatt , March 3, 1916, page 5 Digital Uni-Bib-Heidelberg (scroll to the center).
  15. ↑ Fischersozietät Tiefwerder-Pichelsdorf Homepage
  16. ↑ Entry in the Berlin State Monument List The houses can also be called up individually using the search mask.
  17. ↑ Ordinance on the Protection of Natural Monuments in Berlin, dated March 2, 1993 (with amendments, as of August 2002) (PDF; 734 kB) Urban Development Berlin, p. 16, Natural Monument No. V-1 / B.
  18. ^ Hainer Weißpflug: Berlin monuments of nature. A topographical and historical study. Edition Luisenstadt, Berlin 1997, p. 193 ISBN 3-89542-096-4 .
  19. ↑ Entry in the Berlin State Monument List
  20. ↑ Entry in the Berlin State Monument List
    Entry in the Berlin State Monument List
  21. ↑ Entry in the Berlin State Monument List
  22. ↑ Martin Klöffler: Fortress Inventory, State Berlin. 6th expanded and corrected edition, May 2008, p. 4. ingenieurgeograph.de (PDF; 55 kB)
  23. ↑ Wolfgang Ribbe: Spandau in the age of industrialization . In: Slavic castle, state fortress, industrial center. Investigations ... p. 242 f.
  24. ↑ Südhafen Spandau - Senate Department Environment.
  25. ↑ Senate Department Environment: Ordinance establishing the water protection area for the Tiefwerder waterworks (Water Protection Area Ordinance Tiefwerder) , September 1, 1978 (PDF; 41 kB)
  26. ↑ Wolfgang Ribbe: Spandau in the age of industrialization . In: Slavic castle, state fortress, industrial center. Investigations ... p. 248.
  27. ↑ Tiefwerder waterworks (PDF; 128 kB) Berliner Wasserbetriebe.
  28. ↑ Tiefwerder and "Little Venice" . Association of Friends of Little Venice.
  29. ↑ Sebastian Eberle: Court accuses nature conservation office of arbitrariness . In: Die Welt , May 24, 2008. Welt Online Berlin .
  30. ^ Seeburg-City Tiefwerder Wiesen - a Seeburg exclave in Berlin.
  31. ^ Uli Schubert: Community directory Germany 1900, Kingdom of Prussia, Province of Brandenburg, administrative district of Potsdam, district of Osthavelland . Update status January 24, 2009.
  32. ↑ Figures for the years from 1919 to 1935 from: Michael Erbe: Spandau in the age of the world wars . In: Slavic castle, state fortress, industrial center. Investigations ... table p. 283.
  33. ^ Elections in Berlin on September 17, 2006, House of Representatives, District Councils Assemblies. Final voting district results (PDF), pp. 8 f, 42 - State Statistical Office, Berlin Statistics.
  34. ↑ Michael Erbe: Spandau in the age of the world wars . In: Slavic castle, state fortress, industrial center. Investigations ... table p. 297.
  35. ^ Elections in Berlin on September 17, 2006, House of Representatives, District Councils Assemblies. Final voting district results (PDF), pp. 24 f, 28 f - State Statistical Office, Berlin Statistics.

Coordinates: 52 ° 30 ′ 59 ″  N , 13 ° 12 ′ 27 ″  E