Witzschdorf
|
Witzschdorf
Community of Gornau / Erzgeb.
Coordinates: 50 ° 46 ′ 33 " N , 13 ° 4 ′ 43" E
|
||
|---|---|---|
| Height : | 399 (302-493) m | |
| Area : | 6 km² | |
| Residents : | 693 (May 9, 2011) | |
| Population density : | 116 inhabitants / km² | |
| Incorporation : | March 1, 1994 | |
| Postal code : | 09437 | |
| Area code : | 03725 | |
Location of Witzschdorf in Saxony |
||
Witzschdorf is a district of the Saxon community of Gornau / Erzgeb. in the Erzgebirgskreis .
geography
Witzschdorf is located about 3 kilometers north of Zschopau in the Ore Mountains. From the ridge west of the Zschopau river , the place stretches steeply down into the valley to the river at an altitude of about 302 m above sea level. NN , which also marks the lowest point. The corridor extends to the Zschopau in the north, slightly beyond it in the east, to the south it is bounded by the Truschbachtal and in the west by the valley of the Gornauer and Dittmannsdorf brooks. The highest point is the Götzhöhe at 493 m above sea level. NN . Neighboring places of Witzschdorf are Hennersdorf in the north, Waldkirchen in the southeast, Zschopau in the south, Gornau in the southwest and Dittmannsdorf in the west.
In 1826 August Schumann describes the situation of Witzschdorf in the State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony as follows:
“It is located in a crack in the mountains that falls very steeply to Zschopau, and could be called a valley, so to speak, but very high, probably up to 150 cubits high above the river, the left bank of which is less than a quarter of an hour away; an isolated group of houses actually extends down to the Zschopau. [...] On the steep mountains in the north-east, next to the village, the peasant wood spreads, on the hanger against the Gornau brook, in the south-west the Klinghardleite; on the other side of the Zschopau, the steep and mighty Heidelberg rises darkly forested, and ¼ hour above the village on the Zschopau is the Zschopenthal blue paint factory . The area is indisputably one of the most beautiful in the Ore Mountains. "
history
Settlement
Witzschdorf was probably created in connection with the settlement of the area around Zschopau . The settlements laid out as Waldhufendörfer suggest that they were Franconian settlers .
According to the earliest surviving document, which is in the main state archive in Dresden , the settlement was owned by Caspar von Wiczersdorff in 1399 . The Margrave of Meissen belehnte 1403 his wife Barbara of Wiczersdorff with a jointure in Gornau and Cunnersdorf . The place was for a long time the administrative village of the Augustusburg (formerly Schellenberg).
Agriculture
According to tradition, 18 farmers cleared the forest in the course of the settlement and evenly divided the area between them. Some of these farmsteads and the associated hooves can still be traced today. In 1621 Caspar Reichel had a flour mill built on the west bank of the Zschopau, saving the farmers the trip to the mill in Waldkirchen. The traffic ran through the area, as there was a ford through the river below the mill . Towards the end of the 18th century, cattle and poultry breeding and pig farming were only slightly developed. Due to the barren, stony soils and the prevailing weather conditions , there was not enough feed to keep animals. This changed, at least in part, with the cultivation of potatoes and clover after 1770.
Over time, the number of farms changed due to divisions. So from the original 18 hoof estates, half hoof and quarter hoof estates were created. Around 1900 there were 28 farms in the village. The number of producing homesteads changed with the establishment of agricultural production cooperatives . In 1956, the first three farms merged to form a production cooperative, and in 1960 eight more farmers founded an LPG. In the years that followed, all the other farmers joined them more or less voluntarily. Several mergers of the formerly independent cooperatives from the localities of Weißbach , Witzschdorf and Gornau followed. Milk production was concentrated in Witzschdorf, with the stables built in 1959 at the upper end of the village ( ⊙ ) being expanded and expanded. In 1975 the LPG "United Scholle" had a dairy herd of 553 cows.
Industry
Saxon sewing thread factory
In 1822 Christian Gottlieb Klemm bought the flour mill, which had been shut down a year earlier, and the surrounding area on the western bank of the Zschopau, and built a cotton spinning mill with around 4,500 spindles. 120 workers, mostly women, found employment here. The facilities were inherited and leased until they were finally sold to Rudolf Heydenreich in 1858 for 19,500 thalers. In the same year, Heydenreich built a sewing thread factory ( ⊙ ) on the foundations of the spinning mill , which brought about the economic upswing in the area and the change from a purely farming village. To ensure the quality of the yarns to increase in 1860 at distemper creek near the Zschopau a cotton bleaching and -färberei ( ⊙ built). The Staupenbach supplied the clear water and drive energy required for production. The finished yarns were transported to the sewing thread factory by horse and cart over a connecting path on the Zschopau. When the Zschopautalbahn was built in 1866, this route had to be relocated through the Mörbitz . In the same year, the flour mill was dismantled and made space for the new building of a spinning mill and the factory owner's villa in Swiss house architecture ( ⊙ ). After Witzschdorf was connected to the railway network, the company made a significant financial contribution to the new construction of the Zschopau Bridge and a goods shed at the train station in order to promote expansion .
In 1870 the Witzschdorfer elementary school was built, the costs of which were paid by the factory owner Rudolf Heydenreich.
In 1872 Heydenreich sold the sewing thread factory for 1,250,000 gold marks , which was then transferred to a stock corporation . Also in 1872, the now "Sächsische sewing thread factory AG" acted as a financier for the construction of five houses in the workers' settlement Hahn (later Alter Hahn ⊙ ) on the road connecting to the cotton bleaching and dyeing works in Mörbitz. The settlement was expanded in 1900 by a further 6 houses ( Neuer Hahn ⊙ ).
In 1884 the Dorfstrasse was relocated to the current route, so that from then on the company premises were relieved of through traffic. In 1888 a large fire destroyed the plant, in 1889 these were rebuilt and became the English property of J. C. Coats Ltd. Glasgow over. The villa changed hands in 1902.
In 1910 the sewing thread factory received permission from the Saxon state to build a dam to use water power. The construction of an 80 meter upper and a 140 meter long underwater canal was granted with permission. At the request of 1921, the existing hydropower plant was expanded by completely rebuilding the weir, replacing the two existing turbines with Francis twin turbines and installing movable weir flaps.
With the beginning of the First World War , the factory and villa changed back to German ownership, but production was discontinued. In 1928 part of the production facilities burned down again, but were rebuilt in the same year. In March 1930 the Sächsische sewing thread factory AG filed for bankruptcy , 360 employees lost their jobs. In 1934 it was sold to Gottlob Wunderlich in Waldkirchen- Zschopenthal and production was resumed. From 1942 ammunition was partially stored in the facilities . After the end of the war, the bankruptcy administration and the trust took over the production facilities. In 1952, the former cotton mill and -zwirnerei on the eastern Zschopauufer ( ⊙ affiliated) as part of the operating Nähfadenfabrik and 1955, was the work volkseigen and renamed several times thereafter.
At the end of 1968 the hydropower plant was shut down, the upper and lower water canals filled, the turbines and weir system, free floodlights and barrage gates were scrapped. The entire barrage of the Zschopau was lowered to a third of the existing height. The weir bridge that still exists today served as a carrier for supply lines between the operating parts.
In 1971/72 the production building on the western bank was converted. In order to produce 2000 tons of polyamide silk annually in accordance with the set target, a constant indoor climate was required. For this purpose, the building was increased by one storey and all window openings were closed. Until the political turnaround in 1990, the plant operated as "VEB Texturseidenwerk Flöha, Witzschdorf part of the business". In 1992 it was initially closed and later liquidated .
The facilities on the eastern bank were bought by a local metal construction company. The community took over the facilities to the west of Zschopau with the aim of building an industrial park. In the course of this, all windows that were added in 1971/72 were reopened.
Schonthal
- Coordinates : 50 ° 47 '2.19 " N , 13 ° 5' 3.4" E
Around 1850, the Glauchau merchants Robert Wilhelm Schiffner and Karl Heinrich Zimmermann looked for a suitable location to build a factory in the Zschopautal. North of Witzschdorf, on the corridor border to Hennersdorf , they found what they were looking for and acquired land in 1852. In the same year, work began on building a spinning mill and a wooden walkway across the Zschopau. Initially, a waterwheel supplied the drive energy, but this was replaced by electricity-generating water turbines as early as 1858 . In 1861 the master furrier Adolf Ferdinand Schön (since then the name “Schönthal”) and the cloth manufacturer Füchtegott Kunze acquired the facilities. On April 29, 1896, a major fire destroyed the entire complex. The ruins passed into the possession of Wilhelm Max Strobel on February 28, 1897 for 44,800 marks, who built a wood grinding shop on the foundation walls and replaced the wooden footbridge with a massive bridge. His successor Fritz also ran a bobbin lathe, later a knitwear factory and, in 1927, a silk weaving mill . In 1913, the water turbines supplied electricity to the Witzschdorf Inn for the first time, which laid the foundation for the electrification of the place. After the First World War, Witzschdorf was connected to the public power grid. After 1933 the surplus electricity was profitably supplied to Hennersdorf. In the event of an accident, electricity could be obtained from the connection to the public grid. In 1936 the wood grinding shop was shut down and the entire complex was up for sale. Theodor Krieger then acquired the facilities in 1937. He had a more efficient turbine installed to further increase electricity production. In addition to generating electricity, Krieger also dealt with agriculture. After the Second World War , the Froß company used the building to produce household items made of wood. In 1967 Onnen Krieger took over the entire plant complex from his father. In 1975, electricity production had to be shut down due to flood damage . The dam of the moat had burst over a length of 15 meters and due to the energy policy in the GDR there was no interest in resuming electricity production. In 1977 Krieger set up a locksmith's shop in the buildings , which received various orders as part of the planned economy .
From 1990 to 1993 the dam and the turbines were reconstructed, with the Free State of Saxony subsidizing part of the investment. On March 5, 1993 the hydropower plant went back online. The locksmith's shop has now specialized in hydraulic steel construction and hydropower plant equipment.
Due to a change of area, Schönthal has belonged to Hennersdorf since July 1st, 1997.
religion
Methodist Church
- Coordinates : 50 ° 46 '31.76 " N , 13 ° 4' 19.95" O
Regular meetings of the Methodists have been recorded since 1873 and the church was planted as early as 1880 with the addition of five members. The Methodist congregation in Witzschdorf is one of the oldest in Saxony.
The prayer hours held were always attended by over 70 people, so that as early as 1886, the Methodist Bishop's Church inaugurated its own church building on the property of the parishioner Gustav Wünsch. It was the third in Saxony after Schwarzenberg in 1883 and Dittersdorf in 1885. Around 1890 the parish consisted of about 25 parishioners. After Gustav Wünsch's death in 1900, the community shrank and was about to be dissolved in 1910, the building was up for sale. After 1910 the number of parishioners increased again and a choir was founded.
With the right to religious freedom in the Weimar Constitution of 1919, many barriers were dismantled and the community was able to develop more freely and was able to record further membership growth in the 1920s. The choir founded in 1910 was joined by a mandolin choir and a women's choir, and a trombone choir was founded in 1927. Wind ensemble concerts, also outside the church, were very popular. The statistics show 70 registered congregation members for 1937, but more difficult times followed. 1943 preacher Metzner was called up for military service, acting on the district since 1941 district nurse Elisabeth Mistele took over his duties. From 1948, the community experienced a rejuvenation. A new mixed choir was founded. In addition, the “Witzschdorf Men's Quartet” was created, which made the community known throughout Germany with radio recordings and concert tours.
In 1953 the church building was expanded, as the existing rooms did not offer enough space. Under difficult circumstances, the municipality procured building materials, expanded the building and renewed the interior. The building was rededicated on October 24, 1954. At the beginning of the 1960s, many families from Witzschdorf moved to Zschopau, Gornau and Chemnitz, but remained loyal to the parish. To this day, the majority of the parishioners do not live in the village. From 1980 there were initially loose and later closer relationships with the Stuttgart-Weilimdorf district . After the political change in 1990, the number of parish members decreased due to emigration.
In mid-1990 the church building and its facilities were renovated and a new community room was created. The parish currently has around 50 members, and in 2003 it celebrated its 125th anniversary.
Evangelical Lutheran Martin Luther Church
Witzschdorf belonged to the parish of Zschopau. The Zschopau church council met the population's wish for their own place of worship in January 1896 (of the 1175 inhabitants at the time, 1146 were Evangelical Lutheran , 10 Catholic and 15 Evangelical Methodist ). This was followed by an appeal for donations to the population of Witzschdorf and a building fund was set up. The Witzschdorfers received financial subsidies from the Evangelical Lutheran state consistory and the factory owner Rudolf Heydenreich, and the building site was donated by a local manufacturer.
The foundation stone was laid in 1896 and the topping-out ceremony was held on August 26, 1897. The blueprint comes from Carl Ostreich from Zschopau, which master builder Anke changed because the religious community wanted a building with a tower. Construction company Weisse in Witzschdorf took over the construction. The total cost was 24,508 marks, the inauguration took place on September 11, 1898. The church building is 27 meters high, 20.5 meters long and 11 meters wide. The bell cage received 3 bronze bells, the organ comes from the Schmeisser company from Rochlitz .
Two church bells were confiscated during the Second World War, were found again in Hamburg after the end of the war , but had become unusable. In 1949 three new bronze bells were ordered from the Schilling company in Apolda . At the Christmas mass on December 25, 1949, the smallest bell rang for the first time and from March 26 of the following year the full bells, which has been electrically operated since 1965, rang again. The three altar windows that were damaged in the war were replaced by new lead-glazed windows based on a design by the Dresden painter Friedrich Helas. When the sanctuary was redesigned in 1951, it also received a new altar .
A room was set up for these purposes in a nearby farm for smaller church events. This sometimes led to problems during harvest times, which is why the church council was grateful for the piece of land provided by the farm owner himself, on which a community hall could be built. This was inaugurated on October 29, 1950. Services were also held there in winter, although the church has had electric infrared heating since 1969 and later electric heating for the pews.
In 1989 the urgently needed re-roofing of the church tower was tackled. With scaffolding, the work should begin in spring 1990, but was delayed due to a lack of funds due to the currency reform . The work could only begin in late summer 1990 with a loan, grants from the district church office and the partner parish of Apensen . In 1991 the facade was renovated and a new tower clock was installed, and the interior was renovated the following year.
Population development
|
|
|
politics
Administrative affiliation
- 1445–1551: Schellenberg care
- 1551–1764: Office Schellenberg
- 1764–1856: Office of Augustusburg
- 1856–1875: Zschopau court office
- 1875–1952: Amtshauptmannschaft Flöha
- July 25, 1952-4. December 1952: District of Flöha
- December 4, 1952-31. July 1994: Zschopau district
- August 1, 1994-31. July 2008: Middle Erzgebirgskreis
- since August 1, 2008: Erzgebirgskreis
mayor
From 1871 until the incorporation in Gornau on March 1, 1994, the following people were mayors:
|
|
Culture
societies
- SV 1990 Tirol Dittmannsdorf / Witzschdorf
- Witzschdorf brass musicians
- Witzschdorfer Carnival Association
- Witzschdorf Volunteer Fire Brigade
- Sports club Witzschdorf e. V.
- EMC Witzschdorf e. V. - Enduro and mountain bike club
Economy and Infrastructure
Established businesses
- Landwirtschaftsgesellschaft Witzschdorf mbH
- Metal construction Thomas Grünewald
- Bildverlag Böttger GbR
- Scaffolding and transports Meusel
traffic
Street
The lower exit is connected to the state road 228 (connections in the direction of Waldkirchen and Zschopau and Augustusburg in the opposite direction). The two upper local exits are connected to Dittmannsdorf and Zschopau via Kreisstraße 8173.
In heavy snow drifts , it is not uncommon for the two upper exits on the ridge to be closed and the lower entrance to guarantee the only access (for example, at the end of December 2001).
railroad
.jpg)
The Erzgebirgsbahn has a stop in Witzschdorf. There are direct connections to Chemnitz and Annaberg-Buchholz and further to Cranzahl to the Fichtelbergbahn . There are also connections to and from Dresden via Flöha .
Public buses
There are connections to the Zschopau city bus network via the bus stop at the upper end of the town. The regional line 242 to Zschopau only runs on school days. The stop at the lower end of the town is served exclusively by regional line 242.
Sons and daughters of the place
- Siegfried Böhm (1921–2016), Praktica designer and technical director at Pentacon
- Rolf Kunze (1926–2010), teacher and wood carver
- Arndt Kluge (1942–2008), track and field athlete
- Harald Sturm (* 1956), former enduro athlete
literature
- Chronicle of Witzschdorf - Developed and written down by Dr. Helmut Butter, Amtsberg. Publication on the occasion of the 600th anniversary of the first mention of the place in 1999
- Witzschdorf. In: The middle Zschopau area (= values of our homeland . Volume 28). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1977, pp. 129-131.
- Witzschdorf . In: August Schumann : Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony. 13th volume. Schumann, Zwickau 1826, p. 211 f.
- Witzschdorf lime pits. In: The middle Zschopau area (= values of our homeland . Volume 28). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1977, p. 129.
- District Office Middle Erzgebirgskreis (Hrsg.): On the history of the cities and communities in the Middle Erzgebirgskreis. A timetable. Parts 1-3.
Web links
Literature about Witzschdorf in the Saxon Bibliography
Individual evidence
- ↑ Small-scale municipality sheet for Gornau / Erzgeb. (PDF; 0.23 MB) State Statistical Office of the Free State of Saxony , September 2014, accessed on January 28, 2015 .
- ↑ See Witzschdorf . In: August Schumann : Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony. 13th volume. Schumann, Zwickau 1826, p. 211 f.
- ^ The parish of Zschopau. In: New Saxon Church Gallery, Ephorie Marienberg. Strauch Verlag, Leipzig, Sp. 850 ( digitized version )
- ↑ a b Judgment on the contesting of a water law plant permit to operate the hydroelectric power plant "Texturseide in Witzschdorf" on the river km 65.34 of the Zschopau (PDF; 129 kB) in the archive of the website of the Verband Deutscher Fischereiverwaltungsbeamter und Fischereiwissenschaftler eV , accessed on February 8th 2010
- ↑ Area changes from January 1, 1997 to December 31, 1997. (PDF; 17 kB) State Statistical Office of the Free State of Saxony , p. 3 , accessed on December 31, 2012 .
- ^ Witzschdorf in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony