Čimelice

Čimelice
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Jihočeský kraj
District :	Písek
Area :	1029 ha
Geographic location :	49 ° 28 '  N , 14 ° 4'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 28 '4 "  N , 14 ° 4' 19"  E
Height:	400  m nm
Residents :	959 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code :	398 04
License plate :	C.
traffic
Street:	Prague - Strakonice
Railway connection:	Protivín – Zdice
Next international airport :	České Budějovice Airport
structure
Status:	local community
Districts:	2
administration
Mayor :	Vladimír Pánek (as of 2012)
Address:	Čimelice 51 398 04 Čimelice
Municipality number:	549339
Website :	www.cimelice.cz

Čimelice (German Čimelitz , also Tschimelitz ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located five kilometers northeast of Mirotice and belongs to the Okres Písek .

geography

Panorama of Čimelice

Čimelice is located on the right side of the Skalice in the Blatenská pahorkatina and is traversed by the brook Rakovický potok. The state road I / 4 between Prague and Strakonice runs through Čimelice, while the Protivín – Zdice railway runs on the eastern edge of the town . The Chlum (532 m) and the Hrad ( Schafberg , 574 m) rise to the southwest, the Hora (522 m) and the Jezvinec (545 m) in the northwest. To the east on the left of the Skalice are the ponds Bisingrovský rybník (23.6 ha), Zástava, Stejskal, Nerestec (17.2 ha), Zhoř and Řepice, southeast of the Valný rybník.

Neighboring towns are Horní Nerestce , Dolní Nerestce , Krsice and Rabuška in the north, Rakovický Mlýn, Na Pohodnici, Nový Dvůr, Králova Lhota , Laziště and Nevězice in the north-east, U Loukoty, Bisingrov, Vrábsko and in the east, Poděženhotrovka, Hvížďenalka and Ulačka Varvažov in the southeast, Smetanova Lhota , Karlov and Rakovické Chalupy in the south, U Macků and Boudy in the southwest, U Nováka and Rakovice in the west and Slavkovická Hora, Slavkovice, Kakovice and U Vršeckého in the northwest.

history

Archaeological finds prove that the municipality was settled during the Upper Palaeolithic between 15,000 and 10,000 BC. Chr.

Čimelice was first mentioned in a document in 1405 as the property of Jan Jezovec von Rakovice. The subsequent owners of the royal fiefdom Čimelice, which consisted only of a wooden fortress with a courtyard and a stone Gothic chapel, were his son Markvart Jezovec from Rakovice and later Jan Lopata from Rakovice. Čimelice belonged to the parish of Rakovice, which became extinct in the Hussite Wars . In 1474 Čimelice was separated from Rakovice and the hereditary property passed to Lords Tluksa von Vrábí. Jan Tluksa von Vrábí built a large stone fortress with a cellar with eight heated rooms and the church. From 1531 the estate was owned by the knight Deym von Střitetz . In the middle of the 16th century they had the fortress rebuilt into a renaissance castle, a brewery built, numerous fish ponds set up and the church expanded and enlarged at the end of the 16th century. In 1574 the brothers Johann, Peter, Hendrych and Alesch Deym von Střitetz on Čimelitz bought the neighboring fiefdom Rakowitz from the court chamber as hereditary property. From 1597 Johann Deym von Střitetz owned Čimelitz. The events between 1618 and 1620 with frequent troop movements brought Čimelitz down. After the Battle of White Mountain , the involvement of the knights Deym von Střitetz in the class uprising resulted in complicated ownership and a separation of the goods Čimelitz and Rakowitz, with the latter Peter Deym von Střitetz relapsing into fief. In 1629 the Čimelitz estate was transferred to Michael Adolf von Althann , who in the same year sold it to the sister of the previous owner, Eva Ploth von Konařin, née Deym von Střitetz. She was followed in 1662 by Alesch Karl Ploth von Konařin. The Ploth family from Konařin did not manage to rebuild the ruined estate and had to give up the property due to over-indebtedness. In 1685 Johann Heinrich Freiherr von Bissingen bought the Čimelitz estate at auction, followed by his son Karl Gottlieb. The captain of the Prachiner district bought the Rakowitz estate in 1714 and Nerestetz in 1719 ; he also acquired the goods Smilkow, Petrowitz and Zahradka. He first moved a seat from Čimelitz to the more comfortable Rakowitz Castle. Karl Gottlieb von Bissingen had a new baroque castle built in Čimelitz between 1728 and 1730 and added the Rakowitz estate to the Čimelitz rule. While Čimelitz Castle served as a manorial residence, the official chancellery and officials' apartments were set up in Rakowitz Castle. There was also a prison and the manorial archive in Rakowitz Castle. The art-loving von Bissingen had both castles connected by an avenue of lime trees, and in 1736 he brought the Pilsen sculptor Jan Hammer (also Jan Karel Hommer ) to Rakowitz to decorate it with sculptures . Hammer moved his sculptor's hut and carving workshop, which was probably first located on the Rakowitz castle grounds, to the Ausspanne Hvížďalka near Čimelitz in 1738. Up until 1740 the workshop produced numerous baroque works of art, which can be found not only in the Čimelitz area, but also in Dobrá Voda and Písek . With the re-routing of Passau Kaiserstraße in 1730, which until then had led via Rakowitz and Mirotitz , Čimelitz became increasingly important compared to the then significantly larger Rakowitz. In 1739 Karl Gottlieb von Bissingen raised the branch church, which belonged to the Mirotitzer Sprengel, to a parish church.

With the death of Karl Gottlieb von Bissingen in 1742 the baroque heyday of Čimelitz ended. The next owner was his son Karl Gottfried Graf von Bissingen. In the middle of the 18th century, Jan Hammer's sculptor's work ceased entirely, and in 1759 Karl Gottfried von Bissingen sold the Hvížďalka to Matěj Huleš. After the death of Karl Gottlieb von Bissingen, who died on January 4th, 1771 without male heirs, his widow Maria Appollonia, née Countess Wratislaw von Mitrowitz , inherited the rule. In 1782 she appointed her brother Prokop Imperial Count Wratislaw von Mitrowitz as heir of Čimelitz. In 1798 he sold the rule to his nephew Joseph Imperial Count Wratislaw von Mitrowitz, who in 1801 bought the Slawkowitz estate from Franz Gottwald Bieschin zu Bieschin, which was part of the Karlstein fief, and connected it with Čimelitz. In 1804 a hospital was established in Čimelitz. In 1807 Joseph Wratislaw acquired the Straschowitz fiefdom from Joseph Jakob Schmied, which he placed under the Čimelitz administration, but not united with Čimelitz. Between 1800 and 1820 the Counts Wratislaw von Mitrowitz had a new school, a rectory and a hospital built south of the palace. In addition, the cemetery at the church was abolished and in 1815 the new cemetery was created south of the village. In 1834 Joseph Wratislaw's widow Gabriele, née Countess Desfours, inherited the rule and transferred it to the administration of her son-in-law Karl II, Prince of Schwarzenberg on Worlik .

In 1837 the Čimelitz rule (with Slawkowitz and Pohořj) comprised a usable area of ​​4753 yoke 909 square fathoms. The rulership included the villages of Rakowitz , Čimelitz, Gabrielenhof, formerly Karlshof ( Karlov ), Zales or Rakowitzer Chaluppen ( Rakovické Chalupy ), Krsitz ( Krsice ), Unter-Nerestetz ( Dolní Nerestce ), Pohoř ( Pohoří ) and Slawkowitz ( Slavkovice ), eight houses by Lhota Smetanowa including the Linek mill and three Israelite houses and five houses by Mirotitz. The attached fiefdom Straschowitz with 456 yoke 715 square fathoms consisted only of the village of the same name ( Strážovice ). At Nerestetz the rule operated a limestone quarry. A total of 2331 people lived on the lands, including 18 Israelite families. The village Čimelitz consisted of 96 houses with 637 inhabitants. In the village there was a stately castle with the castle chapel of John the Evangelist, a brewery, a brandy distillery, a sheep farm, an official hospital, an Imperial and Royal Post Office, an inn and a five-speed mill with a board saw; The parish church of St. Trinity, the parish and school. Passauer Strasse cut through the village. The three-course Rakowitz Mill ( Rakovický Mlýn ), a Wasenmeisterei ( Na Pohodnici ), the Meierhof Bissinger Hof ( Bisingrov ), the Bissinger Hegerhaus and the Hegerhaus Wrabsko were off the beaten track. The Gottesacker was on the road south of the village. Čimelitz was the parish for Rakowitz, Krsitz, Gabrielenhof, Zales, Neuhof ( Nový Dvůr ), Lhota Smetanowa and Wrabsko ( Vrábsko ) as well as part of Warsaw . The official village of the Dominium was Rakowitz. Until the middle of the 19th century Čimelitz remained subject to the allodial rule Čimelitz, including Straschowitz and Slawkowitz.

After the abolition of patrimonial Čimelice / Čimelitz formed with the districts Dolní Nerestce, Krsice, Pohoří, Rakovice and Rakovické Chalupy and Slavkovice from 1850 a municipality in the district administration Písek and the judicial district Mirovice. On February 21 of the same year Gabriele Wratislaw von Mitrowitz's sister Josefina Marie bequeathed the Čimelitz estates to her son Karl III. Prince of Schwarzenberg. On April 24, 1874, Dolní Nerestce, Krsice, Pohoří, Rakovice and Rakovické Chalupy and Slavkovice broke away from Čimelice and formed their own communities. Between 1874 and 1876 the Protivín – Zdice line and the station buildings were built. The manorial archive, including the cadastral map archive, was lost in 1876 when the Rakovic estate manager sold it as waste paper to a Viennese dealer. In 1909 a new schoolhouse was built on Kaiserstrasse. After the First World War, a new single-family house district was created.

After the official end of the Second World War, the units of the Wehrmacht, moving westward from Prague in front of the Red Army, under the command of the Waffen-SS-General von Pückler-Burghauss in association with the Waffen-SS-units of Emil Klein and Wolfgang Jörchel reached on May 9, 1945 with 80,000 men the demarcation line near Rakovice, where they encountered US Army units of equal strength. Pückler-Burghauss refused to surrender unconditionally and kept the area between Slivice , Milín and Čimelice occupied for two days. After the Red Army approached from Orlík on May 11, the situation came to a head. Pückler-Burghauss now urged the arms to be handed over to the Americans as quickly as possible, but they rejected this request. At Slivice the Red Army began attacking the German troops on the same day . When the shelling began on the evening of May 11th at Milín, a mass exodus of the German troops began via Mirovice to Blatná . On the night of May 12, the U Diků mill in Rakovický Mlýn saw the surrender negotiations, at which, in addition to Pückler-Burghauss and another German officer, the commander of the 104th Soviet Rifle Division, Guard General Serjogin, Lieutenant Colonel Allison of the 4th US Armored Division , the commissar of the partisan detachment Brdy, Václav Pokorný and as interpreter Václav Norbert Graf Kinský participated. In the last round of negotiations, which began on May 12 at 9 a.m., Pückler-Burghauss signed the deed of surrender. His fellow negotiator had previously committed suicide using Arsenik. Then Pückler-Burghauss went to his accommodation in villa no. 99 in Rakovice and shot himself. His suicide is believed to be the last shot of World War II in Europe . Both bodies were buried in the Čimelice cemetery; after 1990 they were exhumed and reburied in the German war cemetery in Brno.

The Čimelice manor and chateau was nationalized in 1948. 1964 Krsice and Rakovice were incorporated. Rakovice broke away from Čimelice on November 24, 1990 and formed its own municipality.

Community structure

The municipality of Čimelice consists of the districts Čimelice ( Čimelitz ) and Krsice ( Kersitz ) as well as the layers Bisingrov, Hvížďalka, Rabuška, Rakovický Mlýn, Na Pohodnici, U Loukoty and Větrov.

Attractions

• Baroque castle Čimelice on the western outskirts, built 1728–1730 by Antonio Canevalle for Karl Gottlieb von Bissingen. The three-wing, two-storey building was connected to the neighboring Rakovice Castle by an avenue of lime trees with seven pairs of sculptures. It was rebuilt after the fire of 1767. In 1948 it was nationalized. Between 1951 and 1982 the castle served as a film technical school ( Střední průmyslová škola filmová ). Karel Schwarzenberg has owned the castle since 1993 .
• The English chateau garden, which houses the Čimelice fortress built in the 13th century and surrounded by a moat, which has served as a granary since the chateau was built.
• Parish Church of St. Trinity; the formerly Gothic building was redesigned in Baroque style and between 1820 and 1822 in Empire style. In 1739 the church was elevated to a parish church. The tower was added in 1820. The carved main altar was made in the mid-1740s in Jan Hammer's workshop. In front of the altar of St. Barbara is the tomb of Karl Gottlieb von Bissingen († 1742), Lord on Čimelitz, Rakowitz, Nerestetz, Smilkow, Petrowitz and Zahradka.
• Walled cemetery at the southern exit of the village with two chapels, it was laid out in 1815. On the cemetery wall is the cemetery chapel and in the center the chapel of St. Mary, built in the Greek style from 1817 to 1819 according to plans by the architect Johann Philipp Jöndl. Josef with the family crypt of Count Wratislaw von Mitrowitz. On the cemetery wall there are six figures of saints, including the hll. Felix of Cantalizien, Karl Borromäus, Judas Thaddäus and the Bohemian national saint Ludmilla as well as a calvary. They come from the workshop of the sculptor Jan Hammer and originally stood on the castle avenue, the Calvary until 1817 on Pivovarský rybník.
• Plague column of St. Holy Trinity in the village square, from the workshop of the sculptor Jan Hammer
• Statues of hll. Adalbert, Wenzel, Norbert and another saint on the road bridge over the Rakovický potok by the Kostelecký rybník pond. They come from the workshop of the sculptor Jan Hammer and were originally also on Schlossallee.
• Statues of hll. Isidor and Anna at the junction to Rakovice, they come from the workshop of the sculptor Jan Hammer and originally also stood on the castle avenue
• Statues of saints on the bridge over the Skalice near Krsice, they come from the workshop of the sculptor Jan Hammer and originally stood on the castle avenue
• Statue of St. Norbert on the road to Mirotice, from the workshop of the sculptor Jan Hammer
• Niche chapel of hll. Wenceslas, Joseph and Maria on the road to Smetanova Lhota
• Niche chapel of St. John the Evangelist below the Na Hvížďalce spans
• Kopáčovská natural monument, northeast of the village
• Monument to the end of the Second World War in Rakovický Mlýn, created by Jaroslav Papoušek

• Attractions
• 

  Čimelice Castle

• 

  Parish Church of St. Trinity and plague column in the village square

• 

  Plague column

• 

  Statue of St. Adalbert

• 

  Cemetery with the two chapels

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the church

• Josef Dastich (1835–1870), Czech philosopher
• Josef Perwolf (1841-1892), Slavist
• Charles IV of Schwarzenberg (1859–1913), Prince of Schwarzenberg
• Franciszek Daniel Paulik (1866–1940), general of the Imperial and Royal and Polish Army
• Josef Jelínek (1871–1945), painter and graphic artist
• Alfred Fischel (1868–1938), Austrian anatomist and embryologist
• František Šindelář (1887–1947), painter
• Charles VI zu Schwarzenberg (1911–1986), Prince of Schwarzenberg
• Jaroslav Muzika (1915-2001), major general

Lived and worked in Čimelice

• Jaroslav Papoušek (1929–1995), the painter, sculptor and director spent his old age in Čimelice

Web links

Commons : Čimelice  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• History of Čimelice
• Čimelice Baroque
• History of Čimelice on smetanova.lhota1.sweb.cz
• Čimelice Castle on hrady.cz

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 0.8 MiB)
2. ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Böhmen, Vol. 8 Prachiner Kreis , 1840, pp. 37–42
3. ↑ KSČM Písek: Válka skončila u Čimelic (Czech: The war ended near Tschimelitz ), December 17, 2010 ( memento of April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
4. ↑ zpravy.idnes.cz: Kapitulaci podepsali vojáci wehrmachtu ve mlýně u Čimelic , May 8, 2008