29th century BC Chr.

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The 29th century BC Chr. Began on 1 January 2900 v. Chr. And ended v at 31 December 2801. This corresponds to the period 4850 to 4751 before today or the interval 4273 to 4171 radiocarbon years .

Clay tablet with cuneiform writing (front)

Age / Epoch

• Subboreal (3710-450 BC).
• Late Neolithic in Central Europe (3500 to 2800 BC) and Nordic Central Neolithic in Northern Europe (3300 to 2350 BC).
• Beginning of the 2nd dynasty in Egypt .

Time calculation

• In Egypt around 2874 BC. The Egyptian calendar was introduced with 12 months of 30 days and 5 epagomens (additional days).

Events / developments

• Approximate dating for the second - only poorly documented - phase of use or expansion phase of Stonehenge .
• From 2900 BC Chr .:
  • Onset of the Early Dynastic Period in Sumer .
  • The city of Mari blossoms with a diameter of 1.9 kilometers.
  • The pictograms in Sumerian cuneiform are slowly developing into phonograms .
  • First ceramic tombs in Lesser Poland .
• 2880 BC Chr .: Estimated germination date of Prometheus , a long-lived pine on Wheeler Peak in Nevada .
• 2879 BC BC: Beginning of the Hồng Bàng Dynasty (2879 to 258 BC) in Vietnam .
• 2832 BC Chr .: Estimated Keimungsdatum of longevity pine Methuselah , one of the oldest living plants.
• 2807 BC Chr .: Possible meteorite impact between Africa and the Antarctic. Possible causer of Burckle Crater and Fenambosy Chevron .
• Around 2800 BC Chr .: Cultural upheaval in Central Europe , disappearance of several regional cultures. The collective burials in megalithic graves that had been common up until then were replaced by individual burials .

Personalities

Stele of Pharaoh Nebre

Note: The years of government cannot be precisely determined in this century. Therefore, these are approximate estimates.

Pharaohs of Egypt

Early Dynasty : 1st Dynasty:

• Semerchet (around 2890 to 2870 BC)
• Qaa (around 2870 to 2850 BC)

Tangled throne with several uncertain rulers:

• Sneferka (around 2850 BC)
• Vogel (around 2850 BC)
• Sechet , possibly also belonging to the 2nd dynasty

2nd dynasty:

• Hetepsechemui (around 2840 to 2830 BC / founder of the 2nd dynasty )
• Nebre (around 2830 to 2810 BC)
• Ninetjer (around 2810 to 2790 BC)

Archaeological cultures

Cultures in North Africa

Annual entries on the rule of Pharaoh Ninetjer on the Palermostein

• Early Dynastic Period in Egypt :
  • 1st Dynasty (3080 to 2890 BC)
  • 2nd Dynasty (2890-2740 BC)
• In Nubia from 3200 BC An organized society, which, however, lasted until 2600 BC. Remains a vassal of Upper Egypt
• Tenerife (5200 to 2500 BC) in the Ténéré desert with Gobero site

Cultures in Mesopotamia and the Middle East

• Early Dynastic Period in Mesopotamia ( Sumer ) - Early Dynastic I (2900–2750 BC)

• Iraq :
  • Uruk - Uruk 3
  • Nineveh - Nineveh 5
  • Nippur - Nippur XIV-XII
  • Tappa Gaura - Gaura 8

• Iran :
  • Jiroft culture (4000 to 1000 BC)
  • Schahr-e Suchte I (3200 to 2800 BC) is abandoned
  • Proto-Elamites (3200 to 2700 BC)
    • Tappe Sialk IV (3500 to 3000/2900 BC)
    • Tepe Yahya IV B (3000 to 2500 BC), Proto-Elamite
    • Susa IV (2900 BC)

• Syria :
  • Tell Brak (6000 to 1360 BC)
  • Tell Chuera (5000 to 1200 BC)
  • Tell Hamoukar (4500 to 2000 BC)
  • First kingdom in Ebla (phase Mardikh IIa - 3000 to 2400 BC).

• Turkey :
  • Amuq - Amuq G
  • Malatya (from 3500 BC) - Malatya 6B
  • Mersin - Mersin 12
  • Troy I - (3000 to 2600 BC)

• Bahrain :
  • Dilmun culture (3000 to 600 BC)

Cultures in East Asia

Red, pointed clay vessel from the Yangshao culture , approx. 3000–2700 BC Chr.

• China :
  • Yangshao culture (5000 to 2000 BC), central and northern China
  • Dawenkou culture (4100 to 2600 BC), along the Yellow Sea
  • Yingpu culture (3500 to 2000 BC) in Taiwan
  • Liangzhu culture (3400/3300 to 2200 BC) in southeast China
  • Longshan culture (3200 to 1850 BC) on the middle and lower Yellow Rivers
  • Karuo culture (3200 to 2000 BC) in China and Tibet
  • Shanbei culture (3050 to 2550 BC) in Jiangxi
  • Majiayao culture (3000 to 2000 BC) on the upper Yellow River
  • Xiaoheyan culture (3000 to 2000 BC) in Inner Mongolia
  • Tanshishan culture (3000 to 2000 BC) in Fujian
  • Shixia culture (2900 to 2700 BC) in Guangdong

• Japan :
  • Middle Jōmon Period - Jōmon IV (3000 to 2000 BC)

• Vietnam :
  • Đa-Bút culture (4000 to 1700 BC)
  • Hồng Bàng dynasty (2879 to 258 BC)

Cultures in South Asia

• Indus Valley :
  • Indus culture : Ravi aspect of the Hakra phase of Harappa I (3300 to 2800 BC)
    • Kalibangan I (3500 to 2800 BC)
    • Kot Diji (3400 to 2650 BC)

• Balochistan :
  • Mehrgarh : Period VI (3000 to 2700 BC)
  • Nal culture (3800 to 2200 BC)

Cultures in North Asia

• Afanassjewo culture (3500 to 2500 BC) in southern Siberia ( Altai region)
• Glaskovo culture (3200 to 2400 BC) in Siberia, Mongolia and Southeast Russia

Cultures in Europe

• Northern Europe :
  • Boat ax culture (4200 to 2000 BC) in Scandinavia and the Baltic States

• Northeast Europe :
  • Pit ceramic culture (4200 to 2000 BC - radiocarbon method : 5600 to 2300 BC) in Norway , Sweden , the Baltic States, Russia and Ukraine
  • Rzucewo culture (5300 to 1750 BC) in the Baltic States and Poland
  • Narva culture (5300 to 1750 BC) in Estonia , Latvia, and Lithuania

• Eastern Europe :
  • Yamnaya culture (3600 to 2300 BC) in Russia and Ukraine
  • Kura Araxes culture (3500/3000 to 2000/1900 BC) in the Caucasus
  • Fatyanovo culture (3200 to 2300 BC according to Anthony) in Russia

Cycladic tall marble cup with eyelet ribs, approx. 3000–2800 BC Chr.

• Southeast Europe :
  • Esero culture (3300 to 2700/2500 BC) in the Eastern Balkans
  • Greece :
    • Mainland Greece, Early Helladic phase FH I (3000 to 2700 BC)
    • Cycladic culture (3200 to 1100 BC), early Cycladic phase FK I (3000 to 2700 BC) with Grotta-Pelos culture (3000 to 2650 BC)
  • Crete - Early Minoan pre-palace period FM I (3000 to 2700 BC)

• Central Europe :
  • At the end of the century the:
    • The Funnel Beaker Culture (northern Central Europe) - 4200 to 2800 BC Chr.
    • Baden culture (3500 to 2800 BC) in Austria , Hungary
    • Wartberg culture in northern Hesse - 3500 to 2800 BC Chr.
    • Walternienburg-Bernburg culture (3200 to 2800 BC)
    • Havelländische culture (3200 to 2800 BC) in East Germany
    • Horgen culture (3500 to 2800 BC) in Switzerland and southwest Germany
  • Cham culture - Bavaria , Czech Republic , Austria - 3500 to 2700 BC Chr.
  • Remedello culture (3400 to 2400 BC) in northern Italy
  • Vlaardingen culture (3350 to 1950 BC) in the Netherlands
  • Gaudo culture (3150 to 2300 BC) in southern Italy
  • Globe amphora culture (3100 to 2700 BC) in Central Europe (up to Ukraine)

• Western Europe :
  • Grooved Ware Culture in Great Britain and Ireland (3400 to 2000 BC)
    • Skara Brae on the Orkney Islands (around 3180 BC to 2500 BC)
  • Peterborough Ware (3400 to 2500 BC) in Great Britain
  • Chassey-Lagozza-Cortaillod culture (4600 to 2400 BC)
  • Peu-Richard culture (2850 to 2150 BC) - ancient Peu-Richard I stage - in central western France
  • Seine-Oise-Marne culture (3100 to 2000 BC) in northern France and Belgium
  • Almeria culture (3250 to 2550 BC) - Almeria I - in southeastern Spain
  • Megalithic cultures :
    • France (4700 to 2000 BC)
    • Iberian Peninsula (4000 to 2000 BC)
      • Los Millares (3200 to 1800 BC)
    • Malta : Tarxien phase (3300/3000 to 2500 BC) - Temple of Tarxien , Ħaġar Qim
    • Sardinia : Ozieri culture (usually 4300/4000 to 3200 BC, later dating from 3200 to 2800 BC)

Cultures in america

• North and Central America :
  • Archaic period . Establishment of mounds in the eastern forest areas from 4000 BC. Chr.

• South America :
  • Chinchorro culture (7020 to 1500 BC) in northern Chile and southern Peru
  • Valdivia culture (3950 to 1750 BC) in Ecuador
  • Norte Chico culture (3500 to 1800 BC) in Peru , with Caral (from 3000 BC), Pre-Ceramic IV - VI
  • San Agustín culture (3300 BC to 1550 AD) in Colombia

Web links

Commons : 29th century BC Chr.  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ^ David W. Anthony: The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World . Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ 2007, ISBN 978-0-691-05887-0 , pp. 308 .