29th century BC Chr.
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The 29th century BC Chr. Began on 1 January 2900 v. Chr. And ended v at 31 December 2801. This corresponds to the period 4850 to 4751 before today or the interval 4273 to 4171 radiocarbon years .
Age / Epoch
- Subboreal (3710-450 BC).
- Late Neolithic in Central Europe (3500 to 2800 BC) and Nordic Central Neolithic in Northern Europe (3300 to 2350 BC).
- Beginning of the 2nd dynasty in Egypt .
Time calculation
- In Egypt around 2874 BC. The Egyptian calendar was introduced with 12 months of 30 days and 5 epagomens (additional days).
Events / developments
- Approximate dating for the second - only poorly documented - phase of use or expansion phase of Stonehenge .
- From 2900 BC Chr .:
- Onset of the Early Dynastic Period in Sumer .
- The city of Mari blossoms with a diameter of 1.9 kilometers.
- The pictograms in Sumerian cuneiform are slowly developing into phonograms .
- First ceramic tombs in Lesser Poland .
- 2880 BC Chr .: Estimated germination date of Prometheus , a long-lived pine on Wheeler Peak in Nevada .
- 2879 BC BC: Beginning of the Hồng Bàng Dynasty (2879 to 258 BC) in Vietnam .
- 2832 BC Chr .: Estimated Keimungsdatum of longevity pine Methuselah , one of the oldest living plants.
- 2807 BC Chr .: Possible meteorite impact between Africa and the Antarctic. Possible causer of Burckle Crater and Fenambosy Chevron .
- Around 2800 BC Chr .: Cultural upheaval in Central Europe , disappearance of several regional cultures. The collective burials in megalithic graves that had been common up until then were replaced by individual burials .
Personalities
Note: The years of government cannot be precisely determined in this century. Therefore, these are approximate estimates.
Pharaohs of Egypt
Early Dynasty : 1st Dynasty:
Tangled throne with several uncertain rulers:
- Sneferka (around 2850 BC)
- Vogel (around 2850 BC)
- Sechet , possibly also belonging to the 2nd dynasty
2nd dynasty:
- Hetepsechemui (around 2840 to 2830 BC / founder of the 2nd dynasty )
- Nebre (around 2830 to 2810 BC)
- Ninetjer (around 2810 to 2790 BC)
Archaeological cultures
Cultures in North Africa
-
Early Dynastic Period in Egypt :
- 1st Dynasty (3080 to 2890 BC)
- 2nd Dynasty (2890-2740 BC)
- In Nubia from 3200 BC An organized society, which, however, lasted until 2600 BC. Remains a vassal of Upper Egypt
- Tenerife (5200 to 2500 BC) in the Ténéré desert with Gobero site
Cultures in Mesopotamia and the Middle East
- Early Dynastic Period in Mesopotamia ( Sumer ) - Early Dynastic I (2900–2750 BC)
-
Iraq :
- Uruk - Uruk 3
- Nineveh - Nineveh 5
- Nippur - Nippur XIV-XII
- Tappa Gaura - Gaura 8
-
Iran :
- Jiroft culture (4000 to 1000 BC)
- Schahr-e Suchte I (3200 to 2800 BC) is abandoned
-
Proto-Elamites (3200 to 2700 BC)
- Tappe Sialk IV (3500 to 3000/2900 BC)
- Tepe Yahya IV B (3000 to 2500 BC), Proto-Elamite
- Susa IV (2900 BC)
-
Syria :
- Tell Brak (6000 to 1360 BC)
- Tell Chuera (5000 to 1200 BC)
- Tell Hamoukar (4500 to 2000 BC)
- First kingdom in Ebla (phase Mardikh IIa - 3000 to 2400 BC).
- Turkey :
-
Bahrain :
- Dilmun culture (3000 to 600 BC)
Cultures in East Asia
-
China :
- Yangshao culture (5000 to 2000 BC), central and northern China
- Dawenkou culture (4100 to 2600 BC), along the Yellow Sea
- Yingpu culture (3500 to 2000 BC) in Taiwan
- Liangzhu culture (3400/3300 to 2200 BC) in southeast China
- Longshan culture (3200 to 1850 BC) on the middle and lower Yellow Rivers
- Karuo culture (3200 to 2000 BC) in China and Tibet
- Shanbei culture (3050 to 2550 BC) in Jiangxi
- Majiayao culture (3000 to 2000 BC) on the upper Yellow River
- Xiaoheyan culture (3000 to 2000 BC) in Inner Mongolia
- Tanshishan culture (3000 to 2000 BC) in Fujian
- Shixia culture (2900 to 2700 BC) in Guangdong
-
Japan :
- Middle Jōmon Period - Jōmon IV (3000 to 2000 BC)
-
Vietnam :
- Đa-Bút culture (4000 to 1700 BC)
- Hồng Bàng dynasty (2879 to 258 BC)
Cultures in South Asia
-
Indus Valley :
-
Indus culture : Ravi aspect of the Hakra phase of Harappa I (3300 to 2800 BC)
- Kalibangan I (3500 to 2800 BC)
- Kot Diji (3400 to 2650 BC)
-
Indus culture : Ravi aspect of the Hakra phase of Harappa I (3300 to 2800 BC)
-
Balochistan :
- Mehrgarh : Period VI (3000 to 2700 BC)
- Nal culture (3800 to 2200 BC)
Cultures in North Asia
- Afanassjewo culture (3500 to 2500 BC) in southern Siberia ( Altai region)
- Glaskovo culture (3200 to 2400 BC) in Siberia, Mongolia and Southeast Russia
Cultures in Europe
-
Northern Europe :
- Boat ax culture (4200 to 2000 BC) in Scandinavia and the Baltic States
-
Northeast Europe :
- Pit ceramic culture (4200 to 2000 BC - radiocarbon method : 5600 to 2300 BC) in Norway , Sweden , the Baltic States, Russia and Ukraine
- Rzucewo culture (5300 to 1750 BC) in the Baltic States and Poland
- Narva culture (5300 to 1750 BC) in Estonia , Latvia, and Lithuania
-
Eastern Europe :
- Yamnaya culture (3600 to 2300 BC) in Russia and Ukraine
- Kura Araxes culture (3500/3000 to 2000/1900 BC) in the Caucasus
- Fatyanovo culture (3200 to 2300 BC according to Anthony) in Russia
-
Southeast Europe :
- Esero culture (3300 to 2700/2500 BC) in the Eastern Balkans
-
Greece :
- Mainland Greece, Early Helladic phase FH I (3000 to 2700 BC)
- Cycladic culture (3200 to 1100 BC), early Cycladic phase FK I (3000 to 2700 BC) with Grotta-Pelos culture (3000 to 2650 BC)
- Crete - Early Minoan pre-palace period FM I (3000 to 2700 BC)
-
Central Europe :
- At the end of the century the:
- The Funnel Beaker Culture (northern Central Europe) - 4200 to 2800 BC Chr.
- Baden culture (3500 to 2800 BC) in Austria , Hungary
- Wartberg culture in northern Hesse - 3500 to 2800 BC Chr.
- Walternienburg-Bernburg culture (3200 to 2800 BC)
- Havelländische culture (3200 to 2800 BC) in East Germany
- Horgen culture (3500 to 2800 BC) in Switzerland and southwest Germany
- Cham culture - Bavaria , Czech Republic , Austria - 3500 to 2700 BC Chr.
- Remedello culture (3400 to 2400 BC) in northern Italy
- Vlaardingen culture (3350 to 1950 BC) in the Netherlands
- Gaudo culture (3150 to 2300 BC) in southern Italy
- Globe amphora culture (3100 to 2700 BC) in Central Europe (up to Ukraine)
- At the end of the century the:
-
Western Europe :
- Grooved Ware Culture in Great Britain and Ireland (3400 to 2000 BC)
- Skara Brae on the Orkney Islands (around 3180 BC to 2500 BC)
- Peterborough Ware (3400 to 2500 BC) in Great Britain
- Chassey-Lagozza-Cortaillod culture (4600 to 2400 BC)
- Peu-Richard culture (2850 to 2150 BC) - ancient Peu-Richard I stage - in central western France
- Seine-Oise-Marne culture (3100 to 2000 BC) in northern France and Belgium
- Almeria culture (3250 to 2550 BC) - Almeria I - in southeastern Spain
-
Megalithic cultures :
- France (4700 to 2000 BC)
-
Iberian Peninsula (4000 to 2000 BC)
- Los Millares (3200 to 1800 BC)
- Malta : Tarxien phase (3300/3000 to 2500 BC) - Temple of Tarxien , Ħaġar Qim
- Sardinia : Ozieri culture (usually 4300/4000 to 3200 BC, later dating from 3200 to 2800 BC)
- Grooved Ware Culture in Great Britain and Ireland (3400 to 2000 BC)
Cultures in america
-
North and Central America :
- Archaic period . Establishment of mounds in the eastern forest areas from 4000 BC. Chr.
-
South America :
- Chinchorro culture (7020 to 1500 BC) in northern Chile and southern Peru
- Valdivia culture (3950 to 1750 BC) in Ecuador
- Norte Chico culture (3500 to 1800 BC) in Peru , with Caral (from 3000 BC), Pre-Ceramic IV - VI
- San Agustín culture (3300 BC to 1550 AD) in Colombia
Web links
Commons : 29th century BC Chr. - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Individual evidence
- ^ David W. Anthony: The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World . Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ 2007, ISBN 978-0-691-05887-0 , pp. 308 .