28th century BC Chr.

Portal history | Portal Biographies | Current events | Annual calendar

The 28th century BC Chr. Began on 1 January 2800 v. Chr. And ended v at 31 December 2701. This corresponds to the period 4750 to 4651 before today or the interval 4171 to 4091 radiocarbon years .

The Djoser pyramid

Age / Epoch

Subboreal (3710-450 BC).
End Neolithic (2800 to 2200 BC) and Nordic Middle Neolithic in Northern Europe (3300 to 2350 BC).
Early Dynastic Period in Sumer where a number of city-states emerged.

Inventions and discoveries

The Silbury Hill at Avebury in England, built around 2750 v. Chr.

The Ring of Brodgar on Orkney, ca.2700 BC. Chr.

The oldest known stone masonry structure, the Gisr el-Mudir , is being built in Saqqara .
A 365 day calendar is used in Egypt .
Use of oil lamps .
Cisterns in Mesopotamia .
The Egyptians first used hand saws for small woodwork.
The bamboo- made musical instrument sheng, similar to a harmonica , has been played in China since at least this time .
Around 2790/2775 to around 2709 BC. Chr .: presumed division of empire and warlike turmoil in Egypt of the 2nd dynasty.
Around 2750 BC Chr .:
- End of Early Dynastic I and beginning of Early Dynastic II in Mesopotamia.
- In England construction of Silbury Hill near Avebury .
- According to Herodotus, foundation of Tire .
- Expansion of copper smelting in Austria and Switzerland .
- Copper work by Sanhile in Shandong , China.
- So far the oldest dated silk fragment in China.
Around 2740 BC Chr. (. Or 2715 BC.): With the 3rd Dynasty begins in Egypt , the Old Kingdom .
2737 BC Chr .: According to a Chinese legend, Shennong invented the use of tea as a drink.
Around 2720 BC Chr .: Under the Pharaoh Djoser a pyramid is built for the first time in Egypt .
Around 2700 BC BC: Creation of the Ring of Brodgar on Orkney .

Personalities

Statue of the Pharaoh Djoser

Note: The years of government cannot be precisely determined in this century. Therefore, these are approximate estimates.

Pharaohs of Egypt

2nd dynasty:
- In Lower Egypt:
  - Weneg-nebti (around 2790 BC)
  - Sened (around 2790 BC)
  - Neferkare I (around 2749 BC)
  - Neferkasokar (2744-2736 BC)
  - Hudjefa I (2711 to 2709 BC)
- In Upper Egypt:
  - Peribsen (2760 to 2749 BC), also around 2740 BC. Chr.
  - Sechemib (2734-2714 BC)
- In all of Egypt:
  - Chasechemui (around 2740 BC)

3rd dynasty:
- Nebka (2740–2720 BC / founder of the 3rd dynasty )
- Djoser (2720-2700 BC)

King of Kiš

Etana (around 2800 BC)

Kings of Uruk

Enmerkar (around 2750 BC)
Lugalbanda (around 2740 BC)
Dumuzi (around 2720 BC / Possibly a deified Sumerian ruler)

Others

Imhotep , first great builder of the Old Kingdom in Egypt, was born.

Archaeological cultures

Cultures in North Africa

Tenerife (5200 to 2500 BC) in the Ténéré desert with Gobero site
In Nubia from 3200 BC An organized society, which, however, lasted until 2600 BC. Remains a vassal of Upper Egypt
Egypt :
- Early Dynastic Period :
  - 2nd Dynasty (2890-2740 BC)
- Old Empire :
  - 3rd Dynasty (2740-2620 BC)

Cultures in Mesopotamia and the Middle East

Woman's head from Ḫafāǧī , Early Dynastic II, approx. 2700 BC Chr.

Early Dynastic Period in Mesopotamia ( Sumer ):
- Early Dynastic I (2900 to 2750 BC)
- Early Dynastic II (2750 to 2600 BC)
  - Kiš : 1st dynasty
  - Uruk : 1st dynasty

Iran :
- Jiroft culture (4000 to 1000 BC)
- Schahr-e Suchte II (2800 to 2500 BC)
- Proto-Elamites (3200 to 2700 BC)
  - Tepe Yahya IV B (3000 to 2500 BC), Proto-Elamite
  - Susa III (3000/2900 to 2600 BC)

Syria :
- Tell Brak (6000 to 1360 BC)
- Tell Chuera (5000 to 1200 BC)
- Tell Hamoukar (4500 to 2000 BC)
- First Kingdom in Ebla (phase Mardikh IIa - 3000 to 2400 BC)

Turkey :
- Troy I - (3000 to 2600 BC)

Bahrain :
- Dilmun culture (3000 to 600 BC)

Cultures in East Asia

China :
- Yangshao culture (5000 to 2000 BC), central and northern China
- Dawenkou culture (4100 to 2600 BC), along the Yellow Sea
- Yingpu culture (3500 to 2000 BC) in Taiwan
- Liangzhu culture (3400/3300 to 2200 BC) in southeast China
- Longshan culture (3200 to 1850 BC) on the middle and lower Yellow Rivers
- Karuo culture (3200 to 2000 BC) in China and Tibet
- Shanbei culture (3050 to 2550 BC) in Jiangxi
- Majiayao culture (3000 to 2000 BC) on the upper Yellow River
- Xiaoheyan culture (3000 to 2000 BC) in Inner Mongolia
- Tanshishan culture (3000 to 2000 BC) in Fujian
- The Shixia culture (2900 to 2700 BC) in Guangdong disappears at the end of the century

Korea :
- Middle Jeulmon Period (3500 to 2000 BC)

Japan :
- Middle Jōmon Period - Jōmon IV (3000 to 2000 BC)

Vietnam :
- Đa-Bút culture (4000 to 1700 BC)
- Hồng Bàng dynasty (2879 to 258 BC)

Cultures in South Asia

Indus Valley :
- Indus culture : Kot-Diji phase of Harappa II (2800 to 2600 BC)
  - Kot Diji (3400 to 2650 BC)

Balochistan :
- Mehrgarh : Period VI (3000 to 2700 BC)
- Nal culture (3800 to 2200 BC)

Cultures in North Asia

Afanassjewo culture (3500 to 2500 BC) in southern Siberia ( Altai region)
Glaskovo culture (3200 to 2400 BC) in Siberia, Mongolia and Southeast Russia

Cultures in Europe

Battle ax head of the boat ax culture from Denmark, approx. 2800–2400 BC Chr.

Northern Europe :
- Boat ax culture (4200 to 2000 BC) in Scandinavia and the Baltic States

Northeast Europe :
- Pit ceramic culture (4200 to 2000 BC - radiocarbon method : 5600 to 2300 BC) in Norway , Sweden , the Baltic States, Russia and Ukraine
- Rzucewo culture (5300 to 1750 BC) in the Baltic States and Poland
- Narva culture (5300 to 1750 BC) in Estonia , Latvia, and Lithuania

Eastern Europe :
- Yamnaya culture (3600 to 2300 BC) in Russia and Ukraine
- Kura Araxes culture (3500/3000 to 2000/1900 BC) in the Caucasus
- Fatyanovo culture (3200 to 2300 BC according to Anthony) in Russia

Cycladic vessel made of marble with eyelet ribs, approx. 3000–2700 BC Chr.

Southeast Europe :
- Esero culture (3300 to 2700/2500 BC) in the Eastern Balkans
- Greece :
  - Mainland Greece, Early Helladic phase FH I (3000 to 2700 BC)
  - Cycladic culture (3200 to 1100 BC), early Cycladic phase FK I (3000 to 2700 BC) with Grotta-Pelos culture (3000 to 2650 BC)
- Crete - Early Minoan pre-palace period FM I (3000 to 2700 BC)

Central Europe :
- The Cham culture - Bavaria , Czech Republic , Austria - 3500 to 2700 BC Chr. And the
- Ball amphora culture (3100 to 2700 BC) in Central Europe (up to Ukraine) expires towards the end of the century
- Vlaardingen culture (3350 to 1950 BC) in the Netherlands
- Schönfeld culture (2900 to 2100 BC) in Germany and the Czech Republic
- Beginning of the individual grave culture (2800 to 2300 BC) in northern Germany, Poland , the Baltic States and southern Scandinavia, as well as the
- Corded ceramic culture (2800 to 2200 BC) in Central Europe, the Baltic States and Russia

Western Europe :
- Grooved Ware Culture in Great Britain and Ireland (3400 to 2000 BC)
  - Skara Brae on the Orkney Islands (around 3180/3100 BC to 2500 BC)
- Peterborough Ware (3400 to 2500 BC) in Great Britain
- Chassey-Lagozza-Cortaillod culture (4600 to 2400 BC) in France, Switzerland and Italy
- Seine-Oise-Marne culture (3100 to 2000 BC) in northern France and Belgium
- Peu-Richard culture (2850 to 2150 BC) in central western France - Ancient Peu-Richard I
- Almeria culture (3250 to 2550 BC) in southeastern Spain - Almeria I

Cultures in america

North and Central America :
- Archaic period . Establishment of mounds in the eastern forest areas from 4000 BC. Chr.

South America :
- Chinchorro culture (7020 to 1500 BC) in northern Chile and southern Peru
- Valdivia culture (3950 to 1750 BC) in Ecuador
- Norte Chico culture (3500 to 1800 BC) with Caral (from 3000 BC) in Peru , Pre-Ceramic IV - VI
- San Agustín culture (3300 BC to 1550 AD) in Colombia

Web links

Commons : 28th century BC Chr. - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

↑ Sumerians ( Memento November 15, 2011 in the Internet Archive ). In: Wissen.de . Retrieved February 25, 2012.
↑ Old Kingdom - History of Egypt . In: Egypt specialist . Retrieved March 27, 2012.
^ David W. Anthony: The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World . Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ 2007, ISBN 978-0-691-05887-0 , pp. 308 .

[1] Sumerians ( Memento November 15, 2011 in the Internet Archive ). In: Wissen.de . Retrieved February 25, 2012.

[2] Old Kingdom - History of Egypt . In: Egypt specialist . Retrieved March 27, 2012.

[3] David W. Anthony: The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World . Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ 2007, ISBN 978-0-691-05887-0 , pp. 308 .