Seventh United States Army
US Army, Europe & Seventh Army |
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Lineup | July 10, 1943 |
Country | United States of America |
Armed forces | United States Armed Forces |
Armed forces | US Army |
Type | Army Service Component Command |
Insinuation | United States European Command |
headquarters | Wiesbaden (Hesse) |
Nickname |
Pyramid of Power Seven Steps to Hell |
motto | Born at Sea, Baptized in Blood, Crowned in Glory ("Born at sea, baptized in blood, crowned in glory") |
Butcher | Second World War , Second Gulf War , Iraq War |
Commanding General, US Army Europe and Seventh Army | |
Current commander | Lt. Gene. Christopher Cavoli |
Important commanders |
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insignia | |
Current sleeve badge | |
Old sleeve badge |
The Seventh United States Army ( German 7th US Army ) or the US Army Europe ( English US Army, Europe & Seventh Army ; abbreviation: USAREUR ) is a large unit of the US Army and the land component of the US European Command , its military area of responsibility ( Area of Responsibility ) includes Europe and the successor states of the Soviet Union including Russia .
history
Second World War
The 7th US Army was formed on July 10, 1943. The army emerged from the US I. Panzer Corps and was set up to take command of US forces during Operation Husky , the Allied landing in Sicily . During this deployment, Lieutenant General George S. Patton was the commanding general . Patton officially assumed command aboard USS Monrovia (APA-31) . Hence the association's motto: “Born at sea, baptized in blood.” (Eng. Born at sea, baptized in blood. ) Later supplemented by: “… crowned with glory” (Eng. Crowned with glory ).
In Sicily , the US 7th Army landed on the left flank of the Allied forces during Operation Husky on the Gulf of Gela . It was planned here as protection for the British 8th Army under General Bernard Montgomery , but it played a more important role, since the main part of Sicily and the city of Messina were liberated by American troops.
Command was now taken over by Alexander M. Patch , and the 7th US Army was withdrawn from the front and incorporated into the 6th US Army Group . The next mission was the invasion of southern France ( Operation Dragoon also Operation Anvil ) on August 15, 1944. The operation was planned to support General Dwight D. Eisenhower's landing in Normandy and to tie up German forces in the south. However, the breakthrough came in Normandy before Operation Dragoon was completed. This operation was controversial as it weakened US forces in Italy . As an amphibious operation , it was a success. Three divisions of the 7th US Army went ashore, followed by further US troops and the French 1st Army under General Lattre de Tassigny . A rapid advance through the whole of southern France was followed by hard fighting in Alsace and Lorraine during the winter of 1944/45. In March 1945, the 7th US Army crossed the Rhine and pushed on to southern Germany. Parts of the Black Forest and Bavaria were occupied by her. On April 20, they conquered Nuremberg , on April 29 a battalion of the 7th US Army liberated the Dachau concentration camp and occupied Munich a day later . A little later soldiers of the 7th US Army reached Hitler's alpine residence, the Obersalzberg .
After the Second World War
After the end of the Second World War in Europe on May 8, 1945, the headquarters of the US troops were stationed in the European Theater of Operations (ETO) in Paris . Two months later, on July 1, 1945, the headquarters was renamed US Forces, European Theater (USFET).
The US 7th Army did not exist long after the war. Together with the 3rd US Army , it commanded the US occupation forces until March 1946. After that, it was disbanded and its tasks were taken over by the 3rd US Army, which in turn was withdrawn from Germany in 1947.
On March 15, 1947 the USFET became the US High Command for Europe ( European Command EUCOM - not to be confused with the later US European Command ), this was a cross- armed forces high command with the following components:
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European Command
- US Naval Forces Europe
- US Air Forces in Europe
- US Forces Austria (USFA)
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US Army
Ground and Service Forces
- US Constabulary
- 1. Military District
- 2. Military District
- American Graves Registration
- Command, European Area
- Bremerhaven Port of Embarkation
- Headquarters Command
Six months later, on November 15, 1947, the US Army Europe (USAREUR) was formed from the US Ground and Services Forces . This was a construct under the European Command (EUCOM) that only existed on paper in order to be able to place the US ground forces in Europe and their administration under one commander. Since the commander of the USAREUR was also the commander of the EUCOM, the EUCOM staff mostly took over the tasks of the USAUREUR staff.
With the unification of the British and US occupation zones to form the bizone on January 1, 1947 and the annexation of the French zone in spring 1948, the EUCOM headquarters was relocated from Frankfurt am Main to Heidelberg to make room for the new administrative structures in Frankfurt. In order to make room for the EUCOM headquarters in Heidelberg, the US constabulary was relocated to Stuttgart.
As a result of the ongoing Korean War and troop reinforcements in Europe, the EUCOM under General Thomas T. Handy reactivated the 7th US Army on November 24, 1950 and set up its headquarters in Stuttgart. The new army staff took over command of all US Army units and their administrations from US Army Europe . However, he still had no troops under his command.
On August 1, 1952, a new US regional command for Europe was set up, the US European Command (USEUCOM) with headquarters in Frankfurt am Main. At the same time, the EUCOM headquarters in Heidelberg was renamed the US Army Europe headquarters . USAREUR took over most of the tasks of the previous EUCOM, as well as its staff. Since then, the commander of the 7th US Army has also been the commander of US Army Europe . The US European Command took over command of all US troops in Europe with the exception of those in Berlin , Trieste and Austria . The US Army Europe became the administrative command for all US Army troops in the USEUCOM area, with the exception of Trieste and Austria. For over a decade, the Seventh Army has also hosted and collaborated with the Seventh Army Symphony Orchestra, founded by the conductor Samuel Adler to support the cultural diplomacy ( international understanding ) of the US Army throughout Germany and Europe during the Cold War (1952–1962).
Since then, the USAREUR commander has been in command of all US troops in Germany and, in this function, was also the primary link between the USEUCOM commander and the German government and the office of the High Commissioner for Germany .
In October 1955, the last US troops withdrew from Austria and the US Army Southern European Task Force (USASETAF), based in Vicenza , Italy , was placed under USEUCOM. A short time later, on January 1, 1956, USASETAF was subordinated to US Army Europe .
After the founding of NATO in 1949, USAREUR put together a planning staff for the establishment of an Army Group for Central Europe in 1952 . When the Central Army Group (CENTAG) was activated on October 1, 1960, the commander of the USAREUR also took over this post in the NATO command structure . The 7th US Army with the V and VII US Corps provided the US part of the CENTAG.
After the Berlin Wall was erected in August 1961, various units were placed under the command of the 7th US Army until it reached its highest manpower in June 1962 with 277,342 soldiers. For most of the Cold War , the US 7th Army consisted of two corps , US V and VII.
On December 1, 1966, the headquarters of the 7th US Army and US Army Europe were finally merged, settled in Heidelberg and renamed the US Army, Europe and Seventh Army headquarters .
Regular exercises were held to prepare the units for a possible attack by the Warsaw Pact . This also included the large-scale exercise Return of Forces to Germany (REFORGER), which took place once or several times a year. In 1967 the 7th US Army was merged with US Army Europe and its headquarters were relocated to the Campbell Barracks in Heidelberg .
The Vietnam War had relatively little impact on US forces in Europe. In order to be able to keep the front on the Iron Curtain , only a few forces stationed in Europe were withdrawn and deployed in Vietnam.
After the end of the Cold War, US troops in Germany were greatly reduced. Before this troop reduction took effect, however, the Second Gulf War against Iraq had to be fought . The 7th US Army was involved in the Desert Shield / Storm operations with the VII US Corps, which is subordinate to it. The corps led the tank attacks on the Iraqi forces. After that, however, it did not return to Germany, but went straight to the United States to be dissolved there. This left only the 5th US Corps as a major unit under the 7th US Army. This remained so during the Yugoslav wars and the US missions in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo . The only reorganization in 1996 was the re-establishment of the 173rd US Airborne Brigade in Italy.
21st century
The attacks of September 11th had no direct impact on the 7th US Army; Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2003 did. Since 2004 all units have been deployed in rotation, sometimes in Iraq.
The US Army's transformation plans envisage the relocation of the larger units of the US 7th Army to the United States, including the US 1st Armored Division . The V US Corps is to be disbanded and most of its units in the I. , III. and XVIII. US Corps to be integrated. The 7th US Army and US Army Europe are to remain one group, the headquarters of the US Army Europe and the V US Corps are to be merged and the new US Army Europe and Task Force 5 headquarters will then be formed. If these changes are carried out as planned, the US troops in Europe will consist of the US Army Europe headquarters and Task Force 5 , flight and combat support units and three maneuver brigades : the 2nd US Cavalry Regiment in Grafenwoehr , the 173rd US Airborne Brigade in Italy and the Eastern Europe Task Force , which will likely be stationed in Bulgaria and Romania .
In December 2007, the US Army announced through its Deputy Chief of Staff of the Army, General Richard A. Cody , that it wanted to slow down the withdrawal of troops. At least 37,000 army soldiers are to remain in Germany and Italy by 2013.
On October 19, 2009 it was announced that the US Army had decided to relocate its European headquarters from Heidelberg to Wiesbaden. The new building in Wiesbaden, the Shali Center , was ready for occupancy in June 2012. The V. US Army Corps was relocated to Wiesbaden Army Airfield in the spring of 2011 and the headquarters of the V. Corps officially relocated to Wiesbaden on August 12, 2011. On September 6, 2013, the Campbell Barracks in Heidelberg were closed by the US Army and the USAREUR's move to the new headquarters in Wiesbaden-Erbenheim was thus officially completed.
organization
The 7th US Army currently (2018) consists of two combat brigades and numerous support units . The two heavy brigades ( 170th Infantry and 172nd Infantry ) were disbanded. At the time of the Cold War, two corps with four divisions were subordinate to her .
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US Army Europe , in Wiesbaden
- 2nd Cavalry Regiment , in Vilseck
- 173rd Airborne Brigade Combat Team in Vicenza ( Italy )
- 12th Combat Aviation Brigade, in Ansbach
- 1st Battalion, 3rd Aviation Regiment (Attack Reconnaissance), Illesheim Army Airfield
- 1st Battalion, 214th Aviation Regiment (General Support), Katterbach Army Airfield
- 41st Field Artillery Brigade in Grafenwoehr
- 7th Army Training Command, in Grafenwoehr
- 10th Army Air and Missile Defense Command, in Kaiserslautern
- 5th Battalion, 7th Air Defense Artillery Regiment, in Baumholder
- 11th Missile Defense Battery, in Malatya, (Turkey)
- 13th Missile Defense Battery, in Tel Aviv, (Israel)
- US Army NATO Brigade, in Sembach
- AFNORTH Battalion, in Mons , Belgium, supports US Army personnel in:
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) headquarters in Brussels , Belgium
- US Mission to NATO, in Brussels, Belgium
- Allied Command Operations (ACO), in Mons , Belgium
- Allied Air Command (AIRCOM), Ramstein Air Base ,
- Allied Joint Force Command Brunssum (JFC-BR), in Brunssum , the Netherlands
- Allied Maritime Command (MARCOM), at Northwood Headquarters , United Kingdom
- Allied Rapid Reaction Corps (ARRC), in Innsworth , United Kingdom
- 1st German-Dutch Corps (1 (GE / NL) Corps), in Münster
- Multinational Corps Northeast (MNC-NE), in Szczecin , Poland
- NATO Rapid Deployable Corps - France (NRDC-France), in Lille , France
- NATO Special Operations (NATO SpecOps), in Mons, Belgium
- NATO Communications and Information Agency (NCIA), in Brussels and Mons, Belgium, and The Hague , Netherlands
- Joint Warfare Center (JWC), inn Stavanger , Norway
- Joint Electronic Warfare Core Staff (JEWCS), based in Yeovilton , United Kingdom
- Joint Force Training Center (JFTC), in Bydgoszcz , Poland
- Cooperative Cyber Defense Center of Excellence (CCD COE), in Tallinn , Estonia
- Joint Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Defense Center of Excellence (JCBRN COE), in Vyškov , Czech Republic
- Military Engineering Center of Excellence (MILENG COE), in Ingolstadt
- AFSOUTH Battalion, in Lago Patria , Italy supports US Army personnel in:
- Allied Command Transformation (ACT), based in Norfolk , United States
- Allied Joint Force Command Naples (JFC-NP), in Lago Patria , Italy
- Allied Land Command (LANDCOM), in Izmir , Turkey
- NATO Rapid Deployable Corps - Greece (NRDC-GR), in Thessaloniki , Greece
- NATO Rapid Deployable Corps - Italy (NRDC-IT), in Solbiate Olona , Italy
- NATO Rapid Deployable Corps - Spain (NRDC-SP), in Valencia , Spain
- NATO Rapid Deployable Corps - Turkey (NRDC-T), in Istanbul , Turkey
- NATO Communications and Information Systems School (NCISS), in Latina , Italy
- Joint Analysis and Lessons Learned Center (JALLC), in Lisbon , Portugal
- Counter Improvised Explosive Devices Center of Excellence (C-IED COE), in Madrid , Spain
- Defense Against Terrorism Center of Excellence (DAT COE), in Ankara , Turkey
- 2nd NATO Signal Battalion (2NSB), Grazzanise Air Base , Italy
- AFNORTH Battalion, in Mons , Belgium, supports US Army personnel in:
- 19th Battlefield Coordination Detachment, Ramstein Air Base , which supports 603d Air and Space Operations Center of the Third Air Force
- 348th Ground Liaison Detachment, Lakenheath Air Base , United Kingdom
- 349th Ground Liaison Detachment, Aviano Air Base , Italy
- 547th Ground Liaison Detachment, Spangdahlem Air Base
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21st Theater Sustainment Command , in Kaiserslautern
- 7th Mission Support Command (reserve units), in Kaiserslautern
- 361st Civil Affairs Brigade, in Kaiserslautern
- 457th Civil Affairs Battalion, in Grafenwoehr
- Transportation Battalion (Movement Control) - Headquarters & Headquarters Company, in Kaiserslautern
- 406th Human Resources Company, in Kaiserslautern
- 446th Human Resources Company, in Kaiserslautern
- 221st Public Affairs Detachment, in Kaiserslautern
- 589th Engineer Detachment, in Kaiserslautern
- 773rd Civil Support Team, in Kaiserslautern
- 7th Intermediate Level Education Detachment, in Grafenwoehr
- 209th Digital Liaison Detachment, in Wiesbaden
- 2500th Digital Liaison Detachment, in Vicenza, Italy
- 361st Civil Affairs Brigade, in Kaiserslautern
- 16th Sustainment Brigade, in Baumholder
- 16th Sustainment Brigade Special Troops Battalion, in Baumholder
- 18th Combat Sustainment Support Battalion, in Grafenwoehr
- 39th Movement Control Battalion, in Kaiserslautern
- 18th Military Police Brigade, in Grafenwoehr
- 15th Engineer Battalion, in Grafenwoehr
- 709th Military Police Battalion, in Grafenwoehr
- 30th Medical Brigade, in Sembach
- 212th Combat Support Hospital, in Kaiserslautern
- 421st Medical Battalion (Multifunctional), in Baumholder
- 405th Army Field Support Brigade, in Kaiserslautern
- Base Support Operations Maintenance Division, in Grafenwöhr (teams in Ansbach, Baumholder, Garmisch, Grafenwöhr, Hohenfels, Kaiserslautern, Stuttgart, Vilseck and Wiesbaden)
- Base Support Operations Transport Division, in Kaiserslautern
- Logistics Readiness Center Baumholder
- Logistics Readiness Center Bavaria, in Grafenwöhr (parts in Garmisch, Hohenfels and Vilseck)
- Logistics Readiness Center Rhineland-Palatinate, in Kaiserslautern (parts in Sembach)
- Logistics Readiness Center Stuttgart
- Army Oil Analysis Program Europe, in Kaiserslautern
- Army Test, Measurement, and Diagnostic Equipment Activity, in Kaiserslautern
- Army Garrison Ansbach Logistics Readiness Center
- Army Garrison Vicenza Logistics Readiness Center
- Army Garrison Wiesbaden Logistics Readiness Center
- Army Garrison Benelux Logistics
- 409th Contracting Support Brigade, in Kaiserslautern
- 903rd Contracting Battalion, in Kaiserslautern
- 928th Contracting Battalion, in Grafenwoehr
- Theater Contracting Center, in Kaiserslautern
- Regional Contracting Office - Benelux, in Brussels, Belgium
- Regional Contracting Office Stuttgart, in Stuttgart
- Regional Contracting Office Wiesbaden, in Wiesbaden
- 598th Transportation Brigade (SDDC), in Sembach
- 838th Transportation Battalion, in Sembach
- 1st Human Resources Sustainment Center, in Kaiserslautern
- 266th Financial Management Support Center, in Kaiserslautern
- Theater Logistics Support Center - Europe, in Kaiserslautern
- Sustainment Task Force 16, Mihail Kogălniceanu Airport , Romania (along with the U.S. Marine Corps Black Sea Rotational Force)
- Black Sea Area Support Team
- 7th Mission Support Command (reserve units), in Kaiserslautern
Other US Army units in Europe:
- 2nd Theater Signal Brigade, in Wiesbaden
- 39th Strategic Signal Battalion, in Chievres , Belgium
- 44th Expeditionary Signal Battalion, in Grafenwoehr
- 52nd Strategic Signal Battalion, in Stuttgart
- 102nd Strategic Signal Battalion, in Wiesbaden
- 509th Strategic Signal Battalion, in Vicenza, Italy
- 6981st Civilian Support Group, in Germersheim
- 66th Military Intelligence Brigade , in Wiesbaden
- Regional Health Command-Europe, in Sembach
- Dental Health Command-Europe, in Sembach
- Public Health Command-Europe, in Landstuhl
- Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, in Landstuhl
- Medical Department Activity-Bavaria, in Grafenwoehr
- US Army Installation Management Command - Europe, in Sembach
- US Army Garrison Ansbach
- US Army Garrison Bavaria
- US Army Garrison Benelux
- US Army Garrison Italy
- US Army Garrison Rhineland-Palatinate
- US Army Garrison Stuttgart
- US Army Garrison Wiesbaden
- Kosovo Force - Multinational Battle Group-East (MNBG-E), Camp Bondsteel near Ferizaj ( US Army unit supported by Hungary, Poland, Romania and Turkey)
- 5th Military Police Battalion (CID), in Kaiserslautern
List of the commanding generals
Surname | Beginning of the appointment | End of appointment |
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Christopher Cavoli | January 18, 2018 | - |
Frederick B. Hodges | 5th November 2014 | January 2018 |
Donald M. Campbell | December 1, 2012 | 5th November 2014 |
Mark Hertling | March 8, 2011 | December 1, 2012 |
Carter F. Ham | August 28, 2008 | March 8, 2011 |
Gary D. Speer ( interim ) | May 2, 2008 | August 28, 2008 |
David D. McKiernan | December 15, 2005 | May 2, 2008 |
Burwell B. Bell | December 3, 2002 | December 14, 2005 |
Montgomery C. Meigs | November 10, 1998 | December 3, 2002 |
Eric K. Shinseki | 5th August 1997 | November 10, 1998 |
William W. Crouch | December 19, 1994 | 5th August 1997 |
David M. Maddox | July 9, 1992 | December 19, 1994 |
Crosbie E. Saint | June 24, 1988 | July 9, 1992 |
Glenn K. Otis | April 15, 1983 | June 23, 1988 |
Frederick J. Kroesen | May 29, 1979 | April 15, 1983 |
George S. Blanchard | June 30, 1975 | May 29, 1979 |
Michael S. Davison | May 26, 1971 | June 29, 1975 |
Arthur S. Collins, Jr. | March 20, 1971 | May 26, 1971 |
James H. Polk | June 1, 1967 | March 20, 1971 |
Andrew P. O'Meara | March 18, 1965 | June 1, 1967 |
Paul L. Freeman, Jr. | May 1, 1962 | March 18, 1965 |
Bruce C. Clarke | October 20, 1960 | May 1, 1962 |
Clyde D. Eddleman | April 1, 1959 | October 20, 1960 |
Henry I. Hodes | May 1, 1956 | April 1, 1959 |
Anthony C. McAuliffe | February 1, 1955 | May 1, 1956 |
William M. Hoge | September 29, 1953 | February 1, 1955 |
Charles L. Bolte | April 1, 1953 | September 29, 1953 |
Manton S. Eddy | August 12, 1952 | April 1, 1953 |
The 7th US Army was reactivated under Thomas T. Handy, took over many tasks from US Army Europe and had the same commander | ||
Thomas T. Cell phone | November 24, 1950 | August 12, 1952 |
7th US Army disbanded between 1947 and 1950 | ||
Oscar W. Griswold | June 11, 1946 | March 15, 1947 |
7th US Army disbanded March 31, 1946 and later reactivated for 10 months | ||
Geoffrey Keyes | September 1945 | March 31, 1946 |
Wade H. Haislip | June 1945 | August 1945 |
Alexander M. Patch | March 2, 1944 | June 1945 |
Mark Wayne Clark | January 1, 1944 | March 2, 1944 |
George S. Patton | July 10, 1943 | January 1, 1944 |
See also
- Foreign military bases in Germany
- List of closed foreign military bases in Germany
- Seventh Army Symphony Orchestra
Web links
- Official site of the US Army Europe (English)
- Personal homepage on the history of the US Army in Germany (English)
- Homepage of the V. Corps, Heidelberg (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from January 18, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ The Julilliard Journal Faculty Portraits of Samuel Adler at the Juilliard School of Music, New York, October 2013 on Juilliard.edu (English)
- ↑ A Conductor's Guide to Choral-Orchestral Works, Part 1, Jonathan D. Green, Scarecrow Press, Oxford, 1994, Chapter II - Survey of Works p. 14 ISBN 978-0-8108-4720-0 Samuel Adler on books.google.com (English)
- ^ Harry MacKenzie: The Directory of the Armed Forces Radio Service Series . Greenwood Press, Westport, Connecticut 1999, ISBN 0-313-30812-8 , pp. 198 (English, excerpt [accessed on January 8, 2020]): “Seventh Army Symphony on the Radio of the Armed Forces 1961 with works by Vivaldi and Dvorak”
- ^ New Music New Allies Amy C. Beal, University of California Press, Berkley, 2006, p. 49, ISBN 978-0-520-24755-0 "Seventh Army Symphony Orchestra (1952–1962) Works by Roy Harris, Morton Gould and Leroy Anderson" on books.google.com (English)
- ^ Emily Freeman Brown: A dictionary for the modern conductor . Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham, Maryland 2015, ISBN 978-0-8108-8400-7 , pp. 311 (English, online at Google Books [accessed January 10, 2020] Seventh Army Symphony Orchestra founded in 1952 by Samuel Adler).
- ^ John Canarina: Uncle Sam's Orchestra - Memories of the Seventh Army Symphony . University of Rochester Press, 1998, ISBN 978-1-58046-019-4 (English, title page on GoogleBooks [accessed February 20, 2020]).
- ↑ "USA slowing troop reductions in Europe" - dpa Alarm If GMX .com December 20, 2007. Access December 21 of 2007.
- ↑ Frankfurter Rundschau of 14 June 2012 .
- ^ V Corps returns to Hessen ( Memento of September 27, 2011 in the Internet Archive ), vcorps.army.mil. Retrieved January 13, 2012.
- ↑ Official website of the US Army Europe ( Memento of the original from September 21, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 9 September 2013