al-Kafirun

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Al-Kafirun ( Arabic الكافرون, DMG al- Kāfir ūn  'The Unbelievers') is the 109th sura of the Koran . According to the overwhelming opinion of the exegetes , it was revealed in Mecca . In contrast, u. a. Ibn Abbas , according to one of two statements, as Medinan . As one of the shortest suras, it has six verses .

Revelation and recitation

As to the reason for their revelation, the traditions of the Prophet Mohammed say that a group of high-ranking Koreans came to Mohammed and offered him to make him the richest man in Mecca, to let him marry whoever he wanted and to give him priority if he did stop "offending" their idols . Otherwise, they would offer him to worship their gods for a year and in return they would worship his god for a year. In response to this, this sura was revealed and so were verses 39: 64-66.

According to a hadith according to Abdullah ibn Umar , Mohammed performed early prayer with his companions on a trip and recited the suras al-Kafirun and al-Ichlas . Then he said: "I have read you a third and a quarter of the Koran." Based on this tradition, the recitation of Surah al-Kafirun is equated with that of a third of the Koran, according to other hadiths with that of a quarter.

The Prophet Mohammed should read the suras al-Kafirun and al-Ichlas in prayer after circling the Kaaba (طواف / ṭawāf ) and recited the prayer before the early prayer.

Abū l-Qāsim at-Tabarānī narrates that Mohammed recommended reciting surah al-Kafirun before going to sleep, as it would liberate from shirk .

translation

“(1) Say: You unbelievers! (2) I do not worship what you worship (w. I do not serve him whom you serve; accordingly in the following verses), (3) and you do not worship what I worship. (4) And I do not worship what you have (always) worshiped, (5) and you do not worship what I worship. (6) You have your religion and I mean it. "

- Translation: Rudi Paret

interpretation

Verse 1: The instruction "Say!" addressed to the prophet Mohammed, who was asked to proclaim. The choice of words "you unbelievers " includes all those in the world who do not obey Islam, but this sura addresses the infidels of the Koreishites.

Verse 2: God commands Mohammed to completely break free from the faith of the Koreishites.

Verse 3: In this and the fifth verse, the word "what" ( mā ) means "whom" ( man ); What is meant is the worship of God alone and without a partner. The polytheists are accused of not obeying the commands and laws of God, but rather of following something thought out. This is consistent with 53:23:

"They are only guessing and what (they) want, when guidance has come to them from their Lord."

Verse 4: In the course of the absolution from polytheism (verse 2) Mohammed expressly distances himself from the forms of worship of the Koreishites.

Verse 5: This verse is a literal repetition of the third verse. This repetition serves as a reinforcement, as in various places in the Koran (78: 4-5, 94: 5-6).

A second interpretation for the repetition is that the Koreishites approached Mohammed several times with the aforementioned suggestion. The second mentioning takes place from this recurring action.

Verse 6: The verse is consistent with 28:55:

"Our works come to us (in accounting), and yours to you."

Remarks

  1. ↑ According to tradition, the four were: 1. al-Walīd ibn al Muġīra (father of Chālid ibn al-Walīd ), 2. al-ʿĀṣ ibn Wāʾil (father of ʿAmr ibn al-ʿĀs ), 3. Umayya ibn Ḫalaf (former Master of the slave Bilal al-Habaschi ) and 4th al-Aswad ibn al-Muṭṭalib

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ al-Qurtubī : Ǧāmiʿu l-ʾaḥkāmi ʾl-qurʾan. Vol. 22, Al-Resalah, Beirut, Edition 1, 2006, p. 532
  2. ↑ see also: Friedrich Schwally: Geschichte des Qorans. Theodor Nöldeke (Ed.), Part 1, 2nd edition, Dieterich'sche Buchhandlung, Leipzig, 1909, p. 108
  3. ↑ al-Kafirun in: As-Suyūṯī: Lubābu ʾn-nuqūli fī asbābi ʾn-nuzūl.
  4. ↑ Aṭ-Ṭabarī: Ǧāmiʿu ʾl-ʾabayān ʿan taʾwīli āyi ʾl-qurʾan. Vol. 24, Cairo, 2001, 1st edition, p. 703
  5. ↑ al-Qurtubī: Ǧāmiʿu ʾl-ʾaḥkāmi ʾl-qurʾan. Vol. 22, Al-Resalah, Beirut, Edition 1, 2006, p. 532
  6. ↑ a b Ibn Kaṯīr: Tafsīru ʾl-qurʾāni ʾl-ʿaẓīm. Vol. 14, 1st edition, 2000, p. 484; Muslim: No. 147/1218 and A undmad ibn Ḥanbal: Musnad. : No. 2/94, 5691
  7. ↑ aṭ-Ṭabarānī: No. 2/287; 2195
  8. ↑ a b c d Ibn Kaṯīr: Tafsīru ʾl-qurʾāni ʾl-ʿaẓīm. Vol. 14, 1st edition, 2000, p. 486
  9. ↑ to 53:23 see Ibn Kaṯīr, vol. 13, p. 270
  10. ↑ al-Qurtubī: Ǧāmiʿ al-ʾaḥkām al-qurʾan. Vol. 22, Al-Resalah, Beirut, Edition 1, 2006, p. 535
  11. ↑ al-Qurtubī: Ǧāmiʿ al-ʾaḥkām al-qurʾan. Vol. 22, Al-Resalah, Beirut, Edition 1, 2006, p. 536
  12. ↑ al-Qurtubī: Ǧāmiʿ al-ʾaḥkām al-qurʾan. Vol. 22, Al-Resalah, Beirut, Edition 1, 2006, p. 537
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