Office Eisenach

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The Eisenach office , which emerged from the Wartburg office , was a territorial administrative unit of the Duchy of Saxony-Eisenach . As the core area of ​​Saxony-Eisenach, it belonged to various Ernestine duchies . From 1741 it belonged to the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach , which in 1815 became the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach.

Until the administrative and territorial reform of the Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach in 1850 and the related resolution made it as official spatial reference point for claiming nationalistic taxes and labor services , for police , judiciary and military service .

Geographical location

The Eisenach office was on the western edge of the Thuringian Forest . In the office was the lower reaches of the Hörsel with its confluence with the Werra and the lower reaches of the Hörsel tributaries Nesse and Böber . In the southern official area lay the Erbstrom , whose tributary Rolla separated the town of Ruhla into an Eisenach and a Gotha part. Furthermore, the Werra tributaries Elte and part of the Suhl were in the office . Mountains in office were u. a. the Metilstein and the Petersberg near Eisenach and the Stopfelskuppe near Förtha. The Rennsteig begins in Hörschel in the Thuringian Forest . The Hörselberge formed the eastern border to the Duchy of Saxony-Gotha .

The official area is now in the west of the Free State of Thuringia and belongs to the independent city of Eisenach and the Wartburg district .

Adjacent administrative units

The Eisenach office bordered the following areas:

history

Ludowingian Landgraves of Thuringia

The Wartburg near Eisenach , first mentioned around 1080, became ancestral seat of the Ludowingers under " Ludwig the Springer " and later also of the Landgraviate of Thuringia . During this time she performed representative and military tasks. The family of the Counts of Wartburg, which from 1224 also called themselves " von Brandenburg ", administered the Wartburg between 1137/38 and 1227 for the Landgraves of Thuringia. Their headquarters, the Brandenburg near Lauchröden , formed a separate domain. The place Eisenach, located on the two trade routes Long Hesse and Short Hesse from Frankfurt am Main to Leipzig, was first mentioned around the same time. In the middle of the 12th century, the Eisenach market town also became an administrative center.

Wettin Landgraves of Thuringia and Ernestine Electorate of Saxony

After the Ludowingers died out in 1247, the Wettins became the new Landgraves of Thuringia during the War of the Thuringian Succession (1247–1264) . During this war, the Wartburg played a central role as a symbol of rule over Thuringia. At the beginning of the Wettin rule over the Landgraviate of Thuringia, the Wartburg was by far the most important residence of the Landgraves. Despite the slow relocation of the main residence to Gotha , the Wartburg-Eisenach center was able to retain its status as the main residence in the middle of the 13th century.

In 1279/80 Albert II of Brandenburg sold his rule with the Brandenburg Castle near Lauchröden to Landgrave Albrecht II the Degenerate . The places Lauchröden , Sallmannshausen and Unterellen belonged to this domain . They were therefore mentioned as belonging to the Brandenburg courts , administratively the places belonged to the administrative area of ​​the Wartburg.

After the suppression of an uprising in Eisenach in 1308, the administration of the area around the Wartburg was carried out from the moated castle Klemme in Eisenach. This Clemda office comprised a free float of places and rights, which was predominantly in the northern environs of Eisenach. After Eisenach received its own municipal jurisdiction in the last quarter of the 13th century, the administration of the other places was separated from that and after the death of Friedrich the Peaceful († 1440) moved to the Wartburg. In Eisenach a number of monasteries arose in the 14th century, which were equipped with properties in the surrounding area. With the relocation of the main residence to Gotha at the end of the 13th century, the importance of the Wartburg began to decline. From then on it served primarily as the seat of the bailiffs or, from 1356, mainly the officials of the Wartburg, whose administration the Wartburg was subordinated to around 1335. A separate "Amt Wartburg" was apparently set up after the middle of the 14th century.

When the Wettin possessions were divided in Leipzig in 1485, the territory of the Wartburg and Eisenach districts came to the Ernestine Electorate of Saxony as part of the Landgraviate of Thuringia . The rise of Weimar to the new landgrave's residence in the 15th century brought about the final decline in importance of the Wartburg. After the Diet of Worms , Martin Luther stayed at the Wartburg from May 4, 1521 to March 1, 1522. As a result of the Peasants' War in 1525, the Eisenach monasteries were secularized . The Reformation was introduced in 1527. As a result of the Schmalkaldic War , the Ernestines lost their electoral dignity in 1547 , as a result of which the holdings in the Duchy of Saxony that remained with them were united with the capital Weimar.

Ernestine duchies

During the division of the Duchy of Saxony in Erfurt in 1572, the Wartburg office was assigned to the Duchy of Saxony-Coburg-Eisenach , which was given to the two sons of Johann Friedrich II the Middle , Johann Casimir and Johann Ernst . For the two underage princes a guardianship of the electors, i.e. Friedrich III. set up by the Palatinate , Johann Georg von Brandenburg and August von Sachsen . The latter also took over the reign of the new country.

In 1586 the guardianship and the regency were lifted, and Johann Casimir and Johann Ernst came together to rule the duchy. However, Johann Ernst soon withdrew from politics and lived in the hunting lodge he had built in Marksuhl , which became an office building after 1591. When the country was divided in 1596, Johann Ernst received the Duchy of Saxony-Eisenach , to which the Wartburg office also belonged. Then Johann Ernst moved his residence from Marksuhl to Eisenach, where the construction of a residential palace began. Marksuhl formed its own court in the following years, which later belonged to the Eisenach office. In the middle of the 17th century, the Wartburg disappeared from the official name, but the "Eisenach Office" was mentioned.

Due to various divisions and associations of inheritance, the Wartburg or Eisenach office with the Marksuhl court belonged to the duchies in the following period:

  • 1596–1633: Duchy of Saxony-Eisenach
  • 1633–1638: Duchy of Saxony-Coburg-Eisenach
  • 1638–1641: Duchy of Saxony-Weimar
  • 1641–1644: Duchy of Saxony-Eisenach
  • 1644–1662: Duchy of Saxony-Weimar
  • 1662–1741: Duchy of Saxony-Eisenach.

In 1741, the Eisenach office with the Marksuhl court fell as part of the Duchy of Saxony-Eisenach in accordance with the treaty with the death of Duke Wilhelm Heinrich to Ernst August I of Saxony-Weimar . Since then, the office has belonged to the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach , which was made a Grand Duchy in 1815. In the area were numerous noble villages and farms, which were under the upper court of the Duchy of Saxony-Eisenach, but had their separate lower courts.

In 1849/50, jurisdiction was separated from administration in the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach . The patrimonial courts existing in the office were also repealed. The Eisenach office came with other offices in the Eisenach district to the Eisenach administrative district , also known as III. Administrative district was designated. With the introduction of the new court system in 1879, the city court and the district court of Eisenach were dissolved and incorporated into the district court district of Eisenach . Only the places Göringen, Lauchröden with Schmalweihhof, Sallmannshausen and Unterellen (“Brandenburg court”) came to the Gerstungen district court .

Associated places

Cities
Official Villages

The inhabitants of the village of Oesterbehringen , a property in Großenbehringen , a property in Wolfsbehringen and a property in Reichenbach , which were located in the Duchy of Saxe-Gotha, were referred to the Eisenach office in matters of debt and money.

Administrative courts
Castles and Palaces
Monasteries in Eisenach until 1525
Noble villages
Noble courts
Marksuhl Court

The Marksuhl Court had its own court secretary who lived in Marksuhl.

Desolation
  • Frohnishof near Stockhausen
  • Gospenrode near Wenigenlupnitz
  • Malittenburg , Rudolfsburg and Metilstein Castle near Eisenach
  • Taubenellen near Etter winds
  • Westheim near Wenigenlupnitz
  • Kratzeroda, Grevenhain, Spirau, Lutzberg, the Piller mountain and the Kielforst near Unterellen

Bailiffs

Burgmen and bailiffs of the Wasserburg Klemme in the 14th and 15th centuries

Officials at the Wartburg

literature

  • Kronfeld, Constantin: Thuringian-Saxon-Weimar history. - Weimar: Böhlau, 1878. - (Regional studies of the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach; T. 1) / [reviewed by:] Ulrich Stechele
  • Matthias Werner: Wartburg . In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages (LexMA). Volume 8, LexMA-Verlag, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-89659-908-9 , Sp. 2055 f.

Web links

Remarks

  1. ^ History of the city of Eisenach