Bergensbanen
Oslo – Bergen | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Course book range : | Oslo – Bergen: NSB 41 Bergen – Arna: NSB 43 Bergen – Voss – Myrdal: NSB 45 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Route length: | 516.13 km | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gauge : | 1435 mm ( standard gauge ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Power system : | 15 kV 16 2/3 Hz ~ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Legend: The kilometers in brackets correspond to the source Bahndata 2004 |
The Bergensbane is a railway line in Norway . It connects the capital Oslo with Bergen , the second most important Norwegian city. It is one of the highest located main railways in Europe and is considered to be one of the most scenic railway lines in Northern Europe. The route is served by day and night trains.
As a construction project, the Bergensbane from Drammen was about 470 km long. Today's route from Oslo to Bergen is 516 km long and the travel time in passenger transport is seven hours.
In a survey by the Norwegian trade magazine Teknisk Ukeblad ( German Technical Weekly ), readers voted the construction of this railway to be Norway's fifth largest technical masterpiece in the 20th century.
Route
Bergensbanen leads over the largest plateau in Europe, the Hardangervidda . It runs over a distance of about 100 km above the tree line . At the original apex, the route reached 1,301 m above sea level. Since the opening of the Finsetunnel , the highest point has been 1,237 meters.
The construction work turned out to be correspondingly difficult. A total of 182 tunnels with a total length of 73 km and other avalanche protection structures had to be built to enable year-round operation. The route also runs over around 300 bridges. The longest tunnel on the line, the Finsetunnel, built in 1993, is around 10.3 km long.
The Flåmsbana branches off from Myrdal station to the Aurlandsfjord . The Granvinbanen after Granvin , which branched off in Voss and only opened in 1935, was discontinued in 1985 for passenger traffic and in 1989 for goods traffic. In 1991 the tracks were partially dismantled.
On the Hardangervidda , the Rallarvegen runs alongside the railway line , which is suitable for cycle tourists. The route from Oslo to Hønefoss originally led via Roa and today's Roa-Hønefosslinjen (Jevnakerbanen) . Scheduled passenger traffic to Bergen today uses the approximately 24 km longer route via Drammen .
history
Emergence
Proposals to connect Bergen to the capital by rail came in 1870. At that time, the last 60 km of the Oslo – Stockholm rail link opened in 1871 were already under construction. Since June 9, 1865 there was a concession for a narrow-gauge railway from Bergen to Voss , which went into operation on May 20, 1883. Various plans were discussed for the course of the new route. The Storting , the Norwegian parliament, did not come to a decision until 1894. In addition to the decision to re-track the Vossebane , initially only the section from Voss to the apex on Taugevatn near Finse was determined. The rest of the route was approved in 1898.
On August 11, 1904, the Vossebane was completely converted from Cape Gauge to Standard Gauge and was the first section of the Bergensbane to be operational.
The creation of the route through the highlands required a lot of effort. Tunnels and incisions had to be dug and blasted through massive gneiss rock. It took six years to build the tunnel near Gravhals, which was largely done by hand.
The section from Voss to Myrdal was opened in 1906. The entire route was opened to passenger traffic on November 27, 1909. King Haakon said at the opening ceremony that Bergensbanen was Norway's engineering masterpiece of his generation.
Technical facilities
In the course of the route, the following technical facilities were built for the treatment of locomotives:
- Sokna - turntable for railcars
- Gulsvik - turntable
- Nesbyen - turntable
- Ål - engine shed, turntable
- Geilo - turntable
- Haugastøl - turntable
- Finse - engine shed, turntable
- Fagernut - turntable
- Myrdal - engine shed, turntable
- Reimegrend - turntable
- Voss - engine shed, turntable
- Garnes - engine shed, turntable
- Kronstad - turntable
- Bergen - engine shed, turntable
Operation and modifications
Since the railway went into operation, several larger re-routes have been carried out in order to straighten winding sections or to avoid sections particularly endangered by avalanches and snowdrifts. As early as 1964, a winding part of the Vossebane was replaced by a faster route, with the 7,670 m long Ulriken tunnel through Bergen's local mountain Ulriken . Part of the almost 10 km longer old route is now used as a museum railway : the Gamle Vossebane . Another realignment took place in 1993 when the originally highest section of the Bergensbane was replaced by the 10.3 km long Finsetunnel .
Steam locomotives were used until 1957, followed by diesel locomotives. But just a few years later, electrification of the line began. It has been fully electrified with 15 kV and 16 2/3 Hz alternating current since 1964 .
Expansion and planning
After the fire in the wooden snow protection gallery Hallingskeid on June 16, 2011 on the Bergen Railway, all wooden snow protection galleries, including those of the Flåmsbana, are to be replaced by steel skeleton structures.
The route is to be equipped with ETCS Level 2 between 2019 and 2021 .
Train stations
image | station | Height in meters |
Distance (in km) from Oslo to Bergen |
---|---|---|---|
Oslo Central Station |
2 | 0 493 |
|
Asker | 104 | 24 469 |
|
Drammen | 2 | 41 452 |
|
Hokksund | 8th | 58 435 |
|
Vikersund | 67 | 84 409 |
|
Hønefoss | 96 | 112 381 |
|
Flå | 155 | 174 319 |
|
Nesbyen | 168 | 208 285 |
|
Gol | 207 | 225 268 |
|
Ål | 436 | 250 243 |
|
Geilo | 794 | 275 218 |
|
Ustaoset | 990 | 286 207 |
|
Haugastøl | 988 | 297 196 |
|
Finse | 1222 | 324 169 |
|
Hallingskeid | 1110 | 345 148 |
|
Myrdal | 867 | 358 135 |
|
Upsete | 850 | 364 129 |
|
Mjølfjell | 627 | 376 117 |
|
Voss | 57 | 407 86 |
|
Dale | 43 | 447 46 |
|
Arna | 8th | 483 10 |
|
Mountains | 2 | 493 0 |
literature
- Bjørn Holøs: Bergensbanen. The Bergen Railway . Gyldendal / NSB, Oslo 1991, ISBN 82-05-19349-5 (in English and Norwegian).
- Jan Guillou : The bridge builders . Heyne 2011 (novel). ISBN 978-3-453-26825-8
Web links
- Track plan Norway. (PDF) In: banenor.no. 2016, accessed March 8, 2020 (Norwegian).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Thor Bjerke, Finn Holom: Banedata 2004 . Data from infrastructures to the railroad in Norway. Ed .: Jernbaneverket, Norsk Jernbanemuseum and Norsk Jernbaneklubb Forskningsavdelingen. NJK Forskningsavdelingen, Hamar / Oslo 2004, ISBN 82-90286-28-7 , urn : nbn: no-nb_digibok_2011040708010 (Norwegian).
- ↑ a b c d e Stasjonsstrukur project. (PDF) Delrapport for Strekningene Bergensbanen (Bergen – Vikersund), Sørlandsbanen (Stavanger – Nordagutu), Flåmsbana, Arendalsbanen. In: banenor.no. March 28, 2012, Retrieved March 8, 2020 (Norwegian).
- ↑ In Norwegian , the ending "-en" for nouns is a definite article . Therefore, the correct designation in German texts is either "Bergensbanen" or "die Bergensbane".
- ↑ Tog i Norge - Setekart. Oslo - Bergen (Bergensbanen). Archived from the original on August 12, 2013 ; Retrieved April 1, 2018 (Norwegian).
- ↑ Nils Carl Aspenberg; Glemte Spor. Boken om sidebanenes tragiske liv . Banenforlag, Oslo 1994, ISBN 82-91448-00-0 , p. 237.
- ↑ Report om jernbaneulykke Bergensbanen, Hallingskeid stasjon June 16, 2011, tog 62. Sikkerhetstilråding JB no. 2012 / 05T, Sikkerhetstilråding JB nr. 2012/06T. Statens havarikommisjon for transport, July 6, 2011, accessed on October 15, 2019 (Norwegian, investigation report available as PDF).
- ↑ ETCS pilot goes live . In: Railway Gazette International . tape 171 , no. 10 , 2015, ISSN 0373-5346 , p. 7 ( online under a similar title ).
- ↑ Oslo S - Bergen, Bergensbanen. In: banenor.no. Retrieved March 12, 2020 (Norwegian).