Bio (lot)

Bio
region	Occitania
Department	Lot
Arrondissement	Gourdon
Canton	Gramat
Community association	Causses et Vallée de la Dordogne
Coordinates	44 ° 47 ' N , 1 ° 47' E Coordinates: 44 ° 47 ' N , 1 ° 47' E
height	295-421 m
surface	10.79 km 2
Residents	348 (January 1, 2017)
Population density	32 inhabitants / km 2
Post Code	46500
INSEE code	46030
Website	www.mairie-bio.fr
	; Mayor's Office ( Mairie ) of Bio

Bio is a French commune with 348 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2017) in the Lot department in the Occitanie region (before 2016: Midi-Pyrénées ). The municipality belongs to the arrondissement of Gourdon and the canton of Gramat .

The name of the municipality is a linguistic shift from the Latin viola , a diminutive of the Latin word via ( German way, road ). It is used in the local Occitan word biol ( German path ) or in Gascognic massabio ( German much-used street ). This indicates the foundation of the village on a connecting road.

The inhabitants are called Biotois and Biotoises .

geography

Bio is about 33 kilometers east of Gourdon in the historic province of Quercy in the Causses du Quercy Regional Nature Park .

Bio is surrounded by the six neighboring communities:

Lavergne	Mayrinhac-Lentour	Saignes
Gramat		Albiac
	Issendolus

Bio is located in the catchment area of the Dordogne river .

The Ruisseau de Bio, a tributary of the Alzou , crosses the territory of the municipality with its tributary, the Ruisseau de Saignes. Bio is also irrigated by the Ruisseau de Lascombes, a tributary of the Ouysse .

history

As the name of the municipality suggests, Bio is located at the intersection of two previously heavily used streets that encouraged the development of trade. For example, there was a regular organic beef market. On the other hand, groups of mercenaries use the traffic routes for raids. These were in the service of the English or French king. Bandits rather than soldiers, they supported the regular army in defeating the enemy by plundering the villages or attacking the castles. Their services were particularly in demand during the Hundred Years' War . The residents of Bio and Lavergne formed a defensive alliance against the robbers. The Palaret Castle on the territory of today's municipality was taken several times and recaptured by various parties, especially by large mercenary troops, one of which is very likely to destroy it in the end. Some substructures and a deep well are all that is left of the castle.

In the 13th century belonged to the manor of Thémines family. In 1244 Gilbert de Thémines paid homage to his king for his castle Palaret and his fortified places Bio and Albiac. When the Thémines family died out, the manor went to the Turenne d'Aynac family. Annet de Turenne d'Aynac was a brother-in-law and lieutenant under Galiot de Génouillac, the commander of the royal artillery . After the lost battle of Pavia , he was captured along with the French King Francis I in 1525 . In order to pay his ransom, he had to sell his lands and manors to Pierre de Lagarde, Seigneur of Saignes. The Lagarde family was able to keep this until the French Revolution .

The parish of Bio was first mentioned in a document from 1253. In 1320, a certain knight Bertrand de Bio was named among the judges of Gramat. A bull dated January 30, 1352 states that the Church of Bio, like that of Albiac, belonged to the benefice of the Bishop of Cahors . As a result of the clashes in the Hundred Years War and the plague epidemic that struck the country from 1347 to 1349, the income of Leyme Abbey fell . The Bishop of Cahors decided in 1375 that the parish of Bio should pay for the income of the abbey. In 1388 Pope Clement VII granted the abbey the right to nominate the pastor of Bio. The capitularies of the cathedral chapter of Cahors indicate that Bishop Guillem VI. d'Arpajon merged the parishes of Bio and Autoire in 1408. Until the French Revolution, the parishes of Bio and Albiac were united. Guillaume Morbot, pastor of Bio since 1780, rejected the ideas of the revolution and in 1790 refused to accept the civil constitution of the clergy . Like many pastors, he decided to emigrate to Switzerland and only returned to Bio after the revolution. Marcel Moulènes became the last pastor of Bio in 1936. He stayed until his death in October 1984. The parish has since been affiliated with that of Gramat.

Population development

At the beginning of the records, the population showed a high of around 850. In the period that followed, the size of the community fell to around 215 inhabitants during short recovery phases until the 1990s, before a growth phase set in that still continues today.

year	1962	1968	1975	1982	1990	1999	2006	2011	2017
Residents	277	258	243	224	214	256	288	321	348

From 1962 official figures excluding residents with a second residence
Sources: EHESS / Cassini until 1999, INSEE from 2006

Parish Church of Saint-Hilaire

Parish Church of Saint-Hilaire

The church was completely rebuilt after the end of the Hundred Years War, at the end of the 15th or the beginning of the 16th century. The stairs on the north side and the high roof of the nave , which may have been intended as a refuge, date from this period. Some elements, such as window frames or the decor of keystones, suggest works in modern times. In the 19th century the entrance portal was moved from the south to the west side. The bell tower and the sacristy were built in 1830. Some stained glass windows are signed and dated “Saint-Blancat, Toulouse 1925” and “Saint-Blancat, Delombre 1948”.

The single nave nave and the choir form a large space on a rectangular floor plan. The high roof conceals a large attic. The stair tower jumps out to a quarter of its diameter from the corner formed by the nave and the north side chapel . The bell tower rising from the side of the building is built from the south side chapel. Traces of the wall opening of the former entrance portal can still be seen on the south facade of the nave; the frame was reused when the new entrance on the west side was built. The narrow, ogival windows have a rare keel arch on the outside . The church is fully equipped with a ribbed vault .