Wolfstein castle ruins (Isar)

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Wolfstein castle ruins
Farm from 1800 including the remains of Wolfstein Castle

Farm from 1800 including the remains of Wolfstein Castle

Creation time : 12th Century
Castle type : Höhenburg, spur location
Conservation status: ruin
Standing position : Noble nobles, kings, emperors, dukes, margraves, noblemen
Construction: Remnants of brick walls, vaulted cellars carved into rock
Place: Landshut- Wolfstein
Geographical location 48 ° 35 '0 "  N , 12 ° 15' 48"  E Coordinates: 48 ° 35 '0 "  N , 12 ° 15' 48"  E
Height: 450  m above sea level NN
Wolfstein Castle Ruins (Bavaria)
Wolfstein castle ruins

The Castle Wolfenstein is the ruins of a high medieval hilltop castle on 450  m above sea level. NN above the southern Isarhangleite , a few kilometers southwest of Niederaichbach in the eastern part (district Auloh) of the independent city of Landshut in Lower Bavaria . It is in the Wolfsbach district or in the 07 Frauenberg district .

The former castle complex is registered as a ground monument with the number D-2-7439-0066 by the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation . The farmhouse with the built-up remains of the castle was included in the list of monuments as a monument with the number D-2-61-000-612 and is part of the architectural monuments in Landshut-Frauenberg .

history

Early history

Older sources report that in Roman times there was either a fort or a watchtower on the grounds of Wolfstein Castle . It is also assumed that in the 8th century there was a tower or a waiting room on a hill that rose in the middle of the castle courtyard and was demolished in the 19th century .

Founding time

In the 12th century, the mountain peaks on which the Wolfstein ruins, the neighboring Schaumburg castle stalls and Neudeck castle stalls are located today , were the seat of the noble family de Scovenburg . This probably means the county of Schaunberg with Schaunberg Castle as the headquarters. A book of donations from the Obermünster Abbey shows that Ulrich von Schawenberg, the son of Henricus de Scovenburg, received the castle and therefore called himself Ulrich von Wolfstein ("Udalricus de Wolfstain"). Together with his brother Heinricus the Younger, who got the neighboring fortress Schaumburg, he held the post of bailiff in the monastery of Sankt Emmeram from 1110 to 1141 . With the inheritance of the Schaunbergers, Wolfstein came to the Wittelsbachers around 1170 .

Time of the Wittelsbachers

Wolfstein Castle is best known because Konradin , the last legitimate male heir from the Staufer dynasty , was born on it in 1252 . The parents of the future King of Jerusalem and Sicily were the German King Konrad IV and Elisabeth of Bavaria , a daughter of Duke Otto II the Illustrious . The fate of Conradin, who was executed in Naples in 1268 at the age of only 16 , moved contemporary society and also subsequent generations.

In the 14th century the castle was a hunting lodge under the Roman-German Emperor Ludwig the Bavarian , which he signed over to his second wife Margarethe I of Holland in 1347 as a pledge for their dowry . A year later it was recorded in a document that the emperor's sons, Ludwig V , Stephan II and Ludwig VI. , were allowed to use the castle for hunting and entertainment. Furthermore, Otto V lived after his disempowerment as Margrave of Brandenburg on Wolfstein and died there in 1379. According to legend, he is said to have had a relationship with a beautiful miller from a nearby mill, named Margret or Margareth ("Gretl") after which today's district Gretlmühle is said to be named. After his death Otto was buried in the Seligenthal monastery in Landshut.

Henry XVI. hosted Jörg von Gundelfingen at Wolfstein Castle in 1417 . This was a believer of Stephan III. and opponent of Ludwig VII in his long-standing conflict with Heinrich after the Bavarian division of 1392 . On October 21, 1418, Henry XVI. the castle as a personal item to Schweiker the Younger, Jörg von Gundelfingen's brother.

Late years

As early as 1568 Wolfstein was depicted as a ruin on the Bavarian land plates by Philipp Apian

In later years Wolfstein is said to have been a robber knight's castle , but this is doubted, as invoices for taxes, tithes and construction work have been received from the years 1456, 1493, 1496 and 1499 .

In 1517 work began on removing the roofs and parts of the castle's buildings. It is not known when it was completely demolished down to the foundation walls. It is documented that anleit was paid to the castle in 1521 . “Instructions” means “the instruction of an authorized person in the possession of a piece of land, a farm, a town house or other property” or the fee to be paid for it. In 1523 construction work was carried out on a tavern on Wolfstein. Duke Ludwig X. had the stones from the castle transported to Leonsberg near Pilsting in 1536/1537 in order to have the local castle rebuilt, which was destroyed in the Landshut War of Succession in 1504 .

description

Ground plan by Wolfstein (1872):
A. Tavern building
a – b old wall
B. Economy building
C. Stadel
D. Gärtchen
E. 2 small outbuildings
F. Free space, partly covered with gravel, partly covered with lawn
G. Entrance and driveway
H. field grounds
I. small summer house

Wolfstein Castle was similar in size to the nearby Trausnitz Castle , which can be seen from the ground plan of the site. The remains of the castle today consist of foundation walls and three rectangular cellars of different sizes with a barrel vault from the 16th century, the largest of which has a central column.

In the place of the former main building there is now an agricultural property that was built around 1800. The preserved parts of Wolfstein Castle were included in the construction. In particular, a 15 to 18 meter long and 1.5 to 2 meter wide, slightly bent wall of the former castle forms the end wall of today's house on the west side. It runs in the direction of the steep slope along its extreme edge.

The farmhouse is a two-story hipped roof building with a bricked ground floor and an upper floor in a sloppy block construction . The elongated stable with a flat barrel vault in the shape of a stitch cap was built at the beginning of the 19th century.

From the 19th century until 1965/1970 the farm had an inn , the predecessor of which was a tavern. A memorial plaque to the birthplace of Konradin from 1873 is attached to the house.

  • Depiction of the cellar vault and a view of Wolfstein (Die Gartenlaube, 1891)
  • The Gazebo (1891) 524 Detail.jpg
  • The Gazebo (1891) b517.jpg

Remarks

  1. ↑ Henricus († 1187) called himself de Scovenburg from 1161 and came from the line of the nobles of Julbach-Schaunberg , from which the Counts of Schaunberg are derived (cf. Sources and Discussions on Bavarian History , p. 184). There was also a Henricus de Scovenburg, who founded the noble family of the Schauenburger and was first mentioned in a document in 1108. Ultimately, the genealogy of the noble family de Scovenburg and its connection with the Austrian Schaunbergers , the Schauenburgers or other noble families with similar names, such as the county of Schauenburg , has not been clearly researched (see Einöde Wolfstein bei Landshut , p. 24).
  2. ↑ In fact, Gretlmühle is a hallway and place name . The part of the word "Gret" means that there was a road (= Gret) leading past the mill. (cf. Werner Hübner: Römerstraßen im Isartal - Traces and history of ancient streets . Landshut 1996, p. 28)

literature

Web links

Commons : Burgruine Wolfstein  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ List of monuments for Landshut (PDF) at the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation
  2. ^ Johann W. Melchinger: Geographisches Statistisch-Topographisches Lexikon von Baiern . Verlag der Stettinschen Buchhandlung, Ulm 1797, p. 642
  3. ↑ a b c d Joseph von Obernberg: Travels through the Kingdom of Bavaria . Lentner, Munich / Leipzig 1816, pp. 147–149
  4. ^ Commission for the publication of Bavarian and German source writings: Sources and discussions on Bavarian history . Volume 1. Verlag Georg Franz, Munich 1856, p. 52, 183-184
  5. ^ Romedio Schmitz-Esser : Konradin's Italian move, 1267/68 - reception. In: Historical Lexicon of Bavaria . 2015, accessed May 9, 2019 .
  6. ^ A b c d Franz C. Höger: Solitude Wolfstein near Landshut: Conradins, the last Hohenstaufen, place of birth . Thomann, Landshut 1872, pp. 24-28
  7. ↑ Brothers Grimm : The Gretlmühl . In: German legends . Nicolai, Berlin 1818, Volume 2, pp. 204–205 ( Wikisource )
  8. ^ Felix Escher :  Otto V. the lazy. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 19, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-428-00200-8 , p. 677 f. ( Digitized version ).
  9. ^ Bernhard Glasauer: Duke Heinrich XVI. (1393–1450) the empires of Bavaria-Landshut: Territorial policy between dynasty and empire . Herbert Utz Verlag, Munich 2009, pp. 149 ff. ISBN 978-3-8316-0899-7
  10. ^ Wilhelm Volkert : Nobility to guild. A lexicon of the Middle Ages . CH Beck, Munich 1991, ISBN 3-406-35499-8 , p. 18.
  11. ↑ Armin Gugau: Investigations on the Landshut War of Succession of 1504/1505 - The damage and its repair . Herbert Utz Verlag, Munich 2015, ISBN 978-3-8316-4387-5 , p. 135