Great Feldberg
| Great Feldberg | ||
|---|---|---|
 Großer Feldberg from the north, taken |
||
| height | 879 m above sea level NHN according to the Hessian State Statistical Office | |
| location | Rhine-Main area , Hessen , Germany | |
| Mountains | Taunus ( Rhenish Slate Mountains ) | |
| Dominance | 101 km → Dammersfeldkuppe ( Rhön ) | |
| Notch height | 670 m ↓ 2 km SE Grossen-Buseck | |
| Coordinates | 50 ° 13 '55 " N , 8 ° 27' 26" E | |
|
||
| rock | Taunus quartzite | |
| Age of the rock | 299 to 419 million years | |
| Development | Hiking trails, public access road, parking lots, bus stop; Observation tower with Taunus Club - hiking home ; Falconry with falconry ; Transmitters | |
| particularities | Highest mountain in the Taunus and the Rhenish Slate Mountains; Geodetic observation pillar for European grade measurement | |
The Große Feldberg (also Feldberg im Taunus , regionally just Feldberg ) is the highest mountain of the Taunus low mountain range in southwest Hesse and of the entire Rhenish Slate Mountains . The information about its exact height is between 878 and 881.5 m above sea level, depending on the source . NHN height (see section mountain height ).
With a prominence of 670 m (above the saddle at Großen-Buseck near Gießen ) and a dominance of 101 km (against the Dammersfeldkuppe in the Rhön ), it is one of the most distinctive low mountain range peaks in Germany. It is not only easy to see from the southern Rhine valley and most of the free viewpoints in the Hintertaunus , but also from the Westerwald and dominates the southern horizon there. A 3.5 km straight section of the A3 south of the Limburg-Süd junction is oriented towards the Großer Feldberg.
The Feldberg massif, consisting of the Großer Feldberg and the nearby Kleiner Feldberg ( 825.2 m ), is part of the Taunushauptkamm ( Hoher Taunus or also called Hochtaunus ).
From 1935 on, its outstanding height made the Großer Feldberg an experimental area for early German television technology. It is a popular winter sports area , which is becoming less attractive for winter sports enthusiasts due to the increasing lack of snow. The mountain, the uppermost area of which is unwooded, is a popular destination.
geography
location
The Große Feldberg rises in the Taunus Nature Park and in the Hochtaunuskreis within the district of Niederreifenberg , which belongs to the Schmitten community , whose core town is north of the mountain. Oberursel is to the east, Kronberg to the southeast, Königstein to the south and Glashütten to the southwest. Almost 1.4 km south-southwest is the Kleine Feldberg, 2.85 km south-east of the Altkönig ( 798.2 m ).
Natural allocation
The Große Feldberg belongs to the natural spatial main unit group Taunus (No. 30) and in the main unit Hoher Taunus (301) to the subunit Feldberg-Taunuskamm (301.3), whereby its landscape to the north belongs to the subunit horse head belonging to the main unit Eastern Hintertaunus (302) Taunus (302.6) and to the south in the main unit Vortaunus (300) and in the sub-unit Altkönig preliminary stage (300.2) into the natural area Königsteiner Taunusfuß (300.20).
Mountain height
Official sources also provide various information about the exact height of the Großer Feldberg in an area that spans several meters:
- The Feldberg summit cross bears a plaque with the indication 879.5 m .
- The Hessian State Office for Soil Management and Geoinformation states the following heights in the online maps of its geoportal: 878 m (map H200), 879 m (map graphics PG50 and PG25) and 878.5 m ( TK 25).
- The Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN) shows the following heights in the online maps of its geoportal: 880 m ( M = 1: 500,000), 879 m (M = 1: 250,000, 1: 100,000, 1: 50,000 and 1: 25,000) and 878 , 5 m (M = 1: 10,000 and 1: 5,000).
- On the basis of laser scanning data, a height of 880.9 m was determined for the Feldberg .
- In the literature there are even more different heights, about 881.5 m .
geology
On the plateau of the Großer Feldberg there is the Taunus quartzite typical of the High Taunus in many places , as it appears on the surface of the gold mine rock , for example .
climate
The climate of the Großer Feldberg stands out clearly from the climate of its surroundings. It is cooler and also more humid than in the lowlands. Temperature differences of 5 degrees and more are not uncommon. Due to so-called inversion weather conditions , it is occasionally milder at night than in the valley. Especially in summer it is barely 20 ° C and sometimes more than 5 ° C cooler than in the flatlands. Every year around 1000 mm of precipitation falls .
The Große Feldberg is located within the Hochtaunus climatic park .
|
Climate table Großer Feldberg
Source: missing
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
history
One of the first literary stays on the Großer Feldberg concerns Johann Wolfgang von Goethe . In Poetry and Truth he writes: “By chance suggestion, as well as in random company, I undertook many a hike to the mountains that had stood so far and seriously before me from childhood. So we visited Homburg , Kroneburg , climbed the Feldberg, from which the wide view lured us more and more into the distance. "
On July 12, 1786, an experiment with the optical telegraph took place under the direction of the scientist Johann Andreas Benignus Bergsträßer . Several princes encoded messages on the Feldberg with content such as “The enemy is breaking up” or “March!”, Which were then sent down to the valley with acoustic and optical signals (cannons, torches, rockets) and successfully decoded in Frankfurt am Main . The communication was considered a training maneuver against France, which displeased some of the German princes who were not involved in the experiment.
In the 19th century, the Große Feldberg developed into a popular excursion destination, especially for the Frankfurt population. Therefore, the "Frankfurt gymnastics father", Friedrich August Ravenstein, called the commission for the construction of a house on the Feldberg into being, in order to have a youth and hiking home and a lookout tower built for the gymnasts. After the laying of the foundation stone in 1859, the 'Feldberghaus', based on a design by the architect Heinrich Velde , was inaugurated on August 12, 1860, the first permanent structure on the Feldberg, which offered ten beds for hikers.
In 1868, the first German hiking club was founded in the Feldberghaus under the name Bund der Feldbergäufer , today's Taunus Club . The inn (today: Feldberghof) is still there, and there is a registry office in one room of the restaurant .
A Luftwaffe aircraft that is on its way from Erfurt ( Roter Berg ) to Frankfurt a. M. rammed the observation tower Großer Feldberg on December 2, 1943 in thick fog . Leaking aviation fuel ignited, causing the tower to burn down completely. Eleven people lost their lives in the crash.
On April 13, 1970, a business plane crashed around the Feldberg area with the founder of OLT Jan Jakobs Janssen on board.
The Große Feldberg is a popular destination for motorcyclists, hikers, cyclists and day-trippers from the Rhine-Main area, among others . For several decades, part of the plateau was used as a chargeable parking lot, later a bus stop with a turning loop was built in its place, which is regularly served by line 57 from Königstein and Oberursel-Hohemark. Parking spaces for cars are now located along the access roads.
limes
Sections of the Upper German-Raetian Limes run over the massif of the Großer Feldberg - especially on its northern flank. Not far to the southwest of the mountain are the remains of the Roman fortress Kleiner Feldberg (Feldbergkastell) along the Limes and to the northeast those of the small fort Altes Jagdhaus .
Summit plateau
On the forest-free plateau of the Großer Feldberg there is extensive development with transmitters and excursion destinations.
Summit cross
A summit cross has been on the Feldberg since November 2011. This was made possible by a Niederreifenberg citizen and entrepreneur and many helpers. The approximately 2.50 meter high cross consists of stainless steel bands bent into a cross shape and carries a quartzite chunk in its open center. At the foot there is an information board and a box with a summit book.
In the immediate vicinity of the cross are the bus stop with weather-protected waiting areas and, since September 16, 2009, the “Roman playground” for children, which is based on Roman Limes watchtowers and is part of the Limes adventure trail .
Brunhildis rock
The quartzite rock on the northern edge of the plateau is popularly called Brunhildis rock . Postcards with this designation have survived from the 18th and 19th centuries. According to legend, this name goes back to the Siegfried saga , as Brünhild is said to have been put to sleep here . The rock was first mentioned in a document as a point of a boundary description of the Bardo document in 1043 as "lectulus Brunhildi" (Brunhilde's bed) .
Great Feldberg observation tower
The 40 m high observation tower Großer Feldberg stands on the plateau . It was built in 1902 and was visited by Kaiser Wilhelm II, among others . Inside there since the tower inauguration a youth and Wanderheim the Taunus clubs with lounges and seminar rooms and accommodation.
In the plane crash of 1943 , leaking jet fuel ignited the wooden paneling of the tower, which burned down completely. The tower was rebuilt in 1949 by the Hessischer Rundfunk and provided with a transmitter.
From the tower, which can be entered against admission, the view falls over the Taunus and among other things also into the Rhine-Main area with the skyline of Frankfurt as well as to the neighboring mountains (starting clockwise in the north): Westerwald , Vogelsberg , Rhön , Spessart , Odenwald , Palatinate Forest , North Palatinate Bergland , Hunsrück and Eifel .
Falkenhof and Feldberghof
The Falkenhof on the Großer Feldberg is a falconry founded in June 1965 . Originally the focus was on the breeding of birds of prey , in particular to secure the population of eagle owls in Germany. Today the Falkenhof operates a nursing and rearing station and sees itself as a teaching, training and information company. It can be visited in the summer half-year against admission.
The Feldberghof is a hotel with a restaurant and a registry office .
Transmitters
The television tower built on the plateau in 1937, together with the television tower built in 1936 on the Brocken in the Harz Mountains, is one of the oldest television towers in the history of television in Germany . A wooden structure was built on a reinforced concrete base, which served to protect the transmitting antennas from the elements. The tower was used for military purposes in World War II and was almost completely destroyed by bombs. After the war changed rebuilt, he is today because of its unique construction under monument protection .
When the observation tower was rebuilt after the plane crash in 1943 , the Hessischer Rundfunk installed a transmitter on the tower in 1949. This still serves today as a reserve system for VHF .
In addition, there is a 116.17 m high, guyed transmission mast on the Großer Feldberg with associated buildings for the Hessian Radio for broadcasting radio and television programs. Radio is broadcast on analogue VHF and in the DAB + standard. There are also channels for digital television in the DVB-T2 HD standard .
Some amateur radio relays are also housed in the telecommunications tower, the observation tower and on the hr tube mast .
Mountain Rescue
The rescue service is guaranteed on weekends and public holidays by the DRK Bergwacht Hessen - readiness Großer Feldberg . On these days, at least one four-wheel drive vehicle is stationed all year round . The service station is located directly below the plateau on Fuchstanzweg .
European degree measurement
On the plateau stands a pillar of the European degree measurement from 1867, which is useful for triangulation .
Sports
Hiking, running, cycling, gymnastics
And the Great Feldberg the leading European hiking E3 , marked in the Taunus with symbol X , and several by the Taunusklub marked trails . For example, paths lead to its summit plateau from the terminus of the U3 in Oberursel (7.2 km long), from the parking lot of the large bend on state road 3004 or from Oberreifenberg.
Every year in spring, the Feldberglauf takes place, which leads from Oberursel -Hohemark as a mountain run over 10 km in length and 685 meters in altitude to the plateau.
Between the buildings of the Feldberghof and the observation tower is the stop from the Stoppomat Feldberg Taunus e. V. operated Stoppomat , which documents the times on three different routes for racing cyclists, mountain bikers and runners / hikers. The starting point is the TIZ in Oberursel-Hohemark. Since June 2015 there have been two mountain bike trails down from the Feldberg plateau (one blue and one red each) that meander through the forest to the parking lot of the big curve.
Every summer (usually in August), the Feldberg Festival, the oldest mountain gymnastics festival in German-speaking countries, takes place; In 1845 it was organized for the first time as a "pure gymnastics festival".
Winter sports
The Zweckverband Naturpark Taunus maintains a snow phone which can be used to obtain information - in addition to the information on the website - on cross-country ski trails and ski lifts in the area around the Großer Feldberg.
There has been no ski lift for snowboarders and downhill skiers since 1991, because the deficit that had arisen due to the lack of snow in winters could no longer be made up. Former ski lift (an anchor lift), the end of the 1960s had been built and are beaten for two lanes in the forest had, was on the north side of the Great Feldberg Mountain, ran along the northern runway slope ( ⊙ ); hence the name Nordbahnlift comes from . The name Nordbahn survived the lift and is still in use. The second runway was known as the Siegfrieds Schuss.
On the northern runway, some late effects of skiing can still be seen in summer: in order to be able to use the Großer Feldberg for skiing in summer, the community had laid plastic mats. The longest synthetic slope in the world was created, over a kilometer in length. The opening took place on November 11, 1972 by Minister Horst Schmidt . However, the offer to waggle down the Nordbahn run in summer failed; Remains of the white plastic mats are still there today.
In the vicinity of the Großer Feldberg there are still lifts in some places (e.g. in Schmitten- Treisberg ). Makeshift lifts are set up in some places in winter (e.g. in Schmitten- Oberreifenberg am Pechberg ).
For cross-country skiers there are trails around the Großer Feldberg.
The slopes of the Großer Feldberg are used by tobogganists , even if their use has been restricted by the wooden fences that have now been erected. There was also a natural toboggan run that was in use for three years from 1955.
The Hessian Sled Dog Amateursportclub (HSSC) occasionally organizes an international dog sled race on the Großer Feldberg. The fourth edition took place in November 2013 with 25 starters.
On January 21, 1900, the first snow ramp was pushed together, from which six meters were jumped. A fixed ramp was built in 1908. In 1911 the Taunus Ski Club built a ski jumping hill . A hill record of 28 meters was achieved in the opening competition. After improvements to the facility, a distance of over 40 meters was achieved on the last jump on the Feldberg in 1953. The facility was then given up in favor of the ski jump on the Weilsberg .
Motorsport
In the region of the Großer Feldberg, the Feldberg race , an automobile and motorcycle race, was held on various courses in the Hochtaunus between 1920 and 1954 . Among other things, it led through Oberreifenberg and over the Sandplacken mountain pass .
Transport links
The Große Feldberg can be reached from the state road 3024 as a connection between the mountain passes Red Cross ( 688 m ) and Sandplacken ( 669 m ) via a spur road that branches off a little below the plateau.
Large parts of the plateau used to be used as a paid parking lot; today the largest part of the plateau has been renatured. The remaining parking spaces all belong to the local gastronomy (Feldberghof) , there are also some public motorcycle parking spaces and a turning loop for the bus line 57 (terminus of the U3 Oberursel -Hohemark- Oberreifenberg -Großer Feldberg- Königstein station ), with the the mountain plateau can be reached. A shuttle bus to the summit runs to a total of 14 parking spaces around the Feldberg on weekends and public holidays. Public bus and car parking is available just before the youth and Wanderheim the Taunus clubs and below the plateau at the L 3024th
Others
A boundary stone is hidden near the mountain station of the former Nordbahn lift (and on the edge of the venue for the Feldberg Festival) that once marked the border between the Duchy of Nassau and the Landgraviate of Hesse-Homburg .
In contrast to the direct telephone connections in Schmitten (06084), the buildings on the Großer Feldberg have the area code 06174 of the Königstein area code .
literature
- Literature on Großer Feldberg in the Hessian Bibliography
- Herbert Farr: Germany's highest peak. Books on Demand, 2009, ISBN 978-3-8370-3316-8 , pp. 68-71.
See also
Web links
- Falkenhof Großer Feldberg im Taunus (bird of prey station), on falkenhof-feldberg.de
- Tour 518 - Großer Feldberg, Kleiner Feldberg, Altkönig (hiking tour over the three highest Taunus peaks), on thehighrisepages.de
- Hansjörg Meister: Großer Feldberg im Taunus (information and photos), on feldbergrennen.de
- webcam on the summit, facing south-east
References and comments
- ↑ Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt: Statistisches Jahrbuch 2011/12, Volume 2 , Page 21; accessed on April 26, 2016 (PDF; 5.5 MB)
- ↑ Summit in the Taunus by dominance and prominence , on highrisepages.de, last accessed on April 16, 2012
-
↑ a b Hessenviewer (Geoportal Hessen) of the Hessian State Office for Soil Management and Geoinformation with property mapping ( notes )
→ Map H200 / map graphics PG50 and PG25 / map TK25 / property mapping - ↑ a b Alexander Stahr, Birgit Bender: Der Taunus - A journey through time (2007)
- ↑ Brigitte Schwenzer: Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 139 Frankfurt a. M. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1967. → Online map (PDF; 4.9 MB)
- ↑ Großer Feldberg and surroundings ( M = 1: 50,000), in map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
- ^ Hessian State Office for Soil Management and Geoinformation, information from April 23, 2012
- ^ Johann Bergsträßer: About signal, order and destination writing into the distance , 1795. Quoted from Christoph Albrecht-Heider: Sender and excursion destination. Der Große Feldberg im Taunus , Das Archiv, Magazine for Communication History, 4/2016, p. 14
-
↑ - Angelika Baeumerth, Matthias Kliem, Alexander Wächtershäuser: The century in the Taunus. Societäts-Verlag, 2000, ISBN 3-7973-0731-4 , p. 144
- Horst Wagner: The observation tower on the Great Feldberg in the Taunus . Taunusklub Stammklub founded in 1868 e. V., Frankfurt a. M. 2002, DNB 965828352 , p. 13 - ^ Karl-Dieter Seifert: From OLT to Lufthansa CityLine - 40 years in air traffic . Lufthansa CityLine GmbH, Cologne 1999, p. 25 .
- ↑ URSULA KONDER: The Feldberg now has a summit cross. Taunus-Zeitung , November 22, 2011, accessed December 8, 2016 .
- ↑ Hermin Herr: Lexicon from the High Taunus. Waldemar Kramer publishing house, Frankfurt am Main 1993
- ^ Falkenhof Großer Feldberg im Taunus. falkenhof-feldberg.de, accessed on May 25, 2015 .
- ↑ Feldberghof. feldberghof.com, accessed on May 25, 2015 .
- ↑ The telecommunications tower on the Großer Feldberg / Ts. In: Bäsembinner Bläädche. wolfenhausen.de, October 25, 2013, accessed on May 26, 2015 . (PDF; 1.4 MB)
- ^ DRK mountain rescue service Hessen - Großer Feldberg; Standby. bergwacht-feldberg.de, accessed on May 25, 2015 .
- ↑ Feldberglauf , on feldberglauf.de
- ↑ Stoppomat Feldberg / Taunus. stoppomat-taunus.de, accessed on May 25, 2015 .
- ↑ Dieter Hintermeier: Route on the Feldberg: Mountain bikers celebrate big. In: tz-usingen.de. Taunus-Zeitung , May 30, 2015, accessed on August 12, 2015 .
- ↑ Mountain gymnastics festivals ( Memento from July 17th, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) Chronicle of historical meetings and gymnastics festivals on the Feldberg, from alt-idstein.info
- ↑ Winter sports in the Taunus Nature Park. naturpark-taunus.de, accessed on May 25, 2015 .
- ↑ Angelika Baeumerth: Chronicle 1972–2000 Hochtaunuskreis , 2001, p. 10
- ↑ The sled dogs howl from the Feldberg. In: The world. welt.de, November 17, 2013, accessed on May 25, 2015 .
- ↑ Evelyn Kreutz: Ski eagles are drawn to the Feldberg. In: Taunuszeitung of December 28, 2017, p. 20.
- ↑ Bus 57. (PDF; 49 kB) VHT , accessed on April 15, 2018 .
- ^ Shuttle bus Großer Feldberg ( Memento from December 3, 2017 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on May 1, 2017, at taunus.info