History of the Muslims in Hanover

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Sami mosque built in 2008 in the Schwarze Heide settlement area in Hanover in the Stöcken district

The history of the Muslims in Hanover goes back to the 17th century. In 2009 around 45,000 people of Muslim faith lived in Hanover , and around 90,000 in August 2011 in the Hanover region .

history

Early modern age

The so-called Turkish graves of Hammet and Hasan in the Neustädter Friedhof built in the 17th century according to the Muslim burial rite
Ludwig Maximilian Mehmet von Königstreu ;
Oil painting by Sir Godfrey Kneller , Barsinghausen Abbey
The grave slab for " Mehmet ve Hasan " added in 1989 in Turkish and German
A grave slab for Johann Ludewig Mehmet von Königstreu (1709–1775), the eldest son of Ludwig Maximilian Mehmet von Königstreu, erected on the outer wall of St. Petri Church in Hanover-Döhren (rebuilt in 1949)

As early as the 17th century, people who professed Islam lived in the then royal seat of Hanover . One of them was Hammet , who was captured in 1683 outside Vienna after the Second Turkish Siege of Vienna , but then served as a lackey or so-called Chamber Turk at the court of Electress Sophie von der Pfalz in the Leineschloss and Herrenhausen Castle . From Hammet , the so-called Turkish graves of Hammet and Hasan (Turkish: Mehmed ve Hasan ) can be found in public space from 1691 to the present day in the Neustädter Friedhof. Hammet and Hasan were allowed to be buried according to the Muslim rite they wanted ; their two tombs are among the oldest known and preserved graves of so-called looted Turks in Germany .

A famous Muslim in the royal seat of the Electorate of Hanover - and from the personal union between Great Britain and Hanover also in London - was the Ottoman and later ennobled Ludwig Maximilian Mehmet von Königstreu (around 1691–1729). A portrait painting with his likeness and those of his family is now owned by the monastery Barsinghausen .

The listed tomb of Mehmet's eldest son, Johann Ludwig Mehmet von Königstreu , who died in 1775 , was installed on the tower of St. Petri Church in Döhren .

Mustapha († 1738) also became internationally known as a former "booty Turk" , about whom the Hanoverian chamber clerk Johann Heinrich Redecker wrote in his Chronicle Historical Collectanea of ​​the Royal and Electoral Residence City of Hanover ... in the language of the time:

“In 1690, Mustapha, the son of a Turkish officer , was captured in the Rencontre in Morea by General Klincoström and given to Georg Ludwig , the Erbprintze . He let himself baptized , received the names Ernst August de Mustapha Misitri and was first princely chamber Laquay , afterwards valet . "

Military maneuvers 1735: “ Revue von Bemerode ”, with Ernst August Mustapha de Misitri (center above, with turban );
Colossal painting (detail) by Johann Franz Lüders , loan from the Welfs to the Hanover Historical Museum

According to the Linden church book , Mustapha had himself baptized by Pastor Hermann Balthasar Bietken in Linden in 1695 at the castle of Count Franz Ernst von Platen in front of hundreds of mostly high-ranking spectators . When Mustapha's new "owner" by succession , King George II , visited his Hanoverian homeland from London in 1735, his valet accompanied him. This was captured graphically by a colossal baroque painting of the military maneuver held in 1735 under the title " Revue bei Bemerode ". The painting, for the details of which the court painter Johann Franz Lüders then needed four years to work, shows, among other things, Mustapha as a visitor, covered in a white turban . The painting can be found today (as of July 2015) on permanent loan from the Welfenhaus in the Hanover Historical Museum .

The historian Redecker reported in his Chronicle Historische Collectanea ... in the middle of the 18th century also of other named “ Turks ” - in Hanover and Linden , of whom none were forced to convert, for example to the Christian faith has been. On the contrary: One of the Ottomans , Saly, who was homesick , was even paid for the return trip to Istanbul by the sovereign .

From 1900

Since the early 20th century were still at the time of the German Empire , people from more Muslim countries, such as Turkey and Iran , to Hanover at the former Institute of Technology to study .

Entrance to the former so-called “cellar mosque” at Körnerstraße 5 , set up by the Association for the Preservation of the Islamic Prayer Room in Hanover, founded in 1969

After the Second World War there was a shortage of workers in almost the entire western part of what is now the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) in the wake of the so-called " economic miracle " , which is why various agreements were made to recruit foreign workers from the Federal Republic of Germany with other countries. In 1960, in addition to a few members of other Muslim countries, there were also 186 people of Turkish nationality living in Hanover . After the recruitment agreement signed on October 30, 1961 between the Federal Republic of Germany and Turkey , an increasing number of Turkish and Turkish- Kurdish workers came to Hanover. The initially mostly young men soon brought their family members to join them, so that in 1965 already 1,027, in 1970 then 4,828 and in 1975 already 13,059 residents of Turkish citizenship lived in Hanover.

Mosque of Avrupa Türk-İslam Birliği (ATIB) in Fössestrasse in Linden-Mitte
The Turkish Consulate General opposite the Christ Church in the Nordstadt district
Street festival of the Merkez Camii Mosque , 2012 in Stiftstrasse in the Mitte district

In the beginning, however, Muslims were hardly perceived as a religious community in the Hanoverian public or in politics . In the 1960s there were no larger mosques in Hanover either , so the Turkish Consulate General initially campaigned for Muslims to be allowed to use individual gyms in Hanover schools for joint prayer at least during the fasting month of Ramadan .

The first gatherings of Hanoverian Muslims were initially based primarily on their national origins and initially only used poorly prepared back courtyards and basements . The first Muslim institution to be officially organized as a registered association in Hanover was the Association for the Preservation of the Islamic Prayer Room in Hanover , founded in 1969 , whose members set up their prayer room in the basement of the house at Körnerstrasse 5 .

Slowly walked the awareness of the Hanoverian public and the self-confidence of Muslim Hanoverian: 1975 was the new town hall of the city of Hanover " Ausländerbeirat " in the City Council constituted , which, however, still belonged only representatives of their own nationality. At the time, the advisory board for foreigners was “looked after” by the councilor Urte Kempf.

The Ayasofya Mosque on Weidendamm
The dance and sports teacher Lalesim Ceylan (right), 2011 “the face of the naturalization campaign ” of the Lower Saxony state capital;
here with Özlem Tasyürek-Büyükduykular , German teacher at the KGS Albert Einstein School Laatzen

Also in 1975, German and Turkish Muslims founded the “Islamic Center Hanover”, which, like other mosques in Hanover, initially only occupied premises of secular functional buildings . The “Islamic Community Millî Görüş ” later developed from the “Islamic Association of Turks in Hanover and the Surrounding Area ”.

In 1989 the city ​​administration of Hanover recognized the need of Hanoverian Muslims to hold special funeral rites and set up a separate Muslim burial ground for this purpose in the Stöcken city cemetery .

Silent protest action “duran adam” (“standing man”) in front of the Turkish Consulate General on Engelbosteler Damm in Hanover parallel to the protests in Turkey in 2013
Former councilor and Hanoverian SPD boss Alptekin Kirci (center), here as office manager of the integration commissioner Doris Schröder-Köpf of the Lower Saxony State Chancellery ;
2013 in the Künstlerhaus Hannover in conversation with René Zechlin from the Kunstverein Hannover after a panel discussion about the economic relations between Germany and Turkey
Representatives of intercultural cultural and educational institutions in 2013 during the awarding of the City Culture Prize , a special prize for civic engagement , by the Friends of Hanover ;
from left: Erol Akbulut ( Can Arcadas ), Jasmin Arbabian-Vogel ( laudator , VdU ), Asghar Eslami (Kargah eV) and Sahabeddin Buz
After the attack on Charlie Hebdo at the beginning of 2015, around 20,000 people expressed their solidarity under the motto “Colorful instead of brown in Hanover”; here for example Avni Altiner (at the microphone), chairman of the Lower Saxony Schura , here with Michael Fürst, chairman of the Hanover Jewish Community
The Turkish Consul General Mehmet Günay and Headmistress Marianne Herschel ;
2015 at the summer festival of the intercultural primary school Goetheplatz

In the following decades, the number of inhabitants from other Muslim countries rose, who had left their countries of origin mainly as refugees - due to political or religious persecution and wars or civil wars . So around 1980 mainly people from Iran came to Hanover, and after 1990 refugees from Bosnia , Iraq , Afghanistan , Pakistan and other countries with a predominantly Muslim culture .

At the beginning of 2011 - half a century after the recruitment agreement between the Federal Republic and Turkey - the Historical Museum on the Hohe Ufer showed the exhibition " Guest Work in Hanover", which, among other things, addressed the situation during and after the arrival of people of Turkish origin from 1961 onwards and presented them as part of Hanover’s city history , such as the Guelphs' carriages on permanent display . In addition to regional references such as depictions of the everyday work of recruiting companies such as Bahlsen , Telefunken , Hanomag or Continental AG , the organizers of the “exhibition were smart enough not to sell labor migration as a regional phenomenon, but as part of German post-war history”.

See also

Media coverage (selection)

literature

  • Johann Heinrich Redecker : Historical Collectanea from the Royal and Electoral Resident City of Hanover / also lying around ancient counties of Lauenrode, Wunstorff and Burgwedel / July 8th, An. Beginning in 1723 by the Cammer Schreiber Redecker , Hanover 1764 ( manuscript in the Hanover City Archives , signature B 8287 g or NAB 8287 ), pp. 712, 728 and others.
  • Otto Spiess: Turkish prisoners of war in Germany after the Turkish Wars. In: Erwin Gräf (Ed.): Festschrift Werner Caskel on his seventieth birthday March 5, 1966, dedicated by friends and students , Leiden 1968, pp. 316–335.
  • Theoman Atalay, Joachim Biallas, Hermann Bremer, Peter Engel, Elcin Kürsat, O. Mogaddedi, Günter Overlach, Anke Zuber: Muslims in our city. Working group “Christians and Muslims in the Ev.-luth. Church district Hannover-Linden ”. In: Hans Werner Dannowski , Waldemar R. Röhrbein (Hrsg.): Stories about Hanover's churches. Studies, pictures, documents , Hanover: Lutherhaus-Verlag, 1983, ISBN 3-87502-145-2 , p. 29 ff.
  • Helmut Zimmermann : The first Turks in Hanover were prisoners of war. In: Helmut Zimmermann: People and Works. Streiflichter from Hanover's history , Hanover 1996, pp. 175–180.
  • Günter Max Behrendt: The Ottoman graves in the former Neustädter Friedhof. In: Hannoversche Geschichtsblätter , New Series (NF) Volume 60, Ed .: Landeshauptstadt Hannover, Publisher: Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 2006, ISSN  0342-1104 , ISBN 978-3-7752-5960-6 , here: pp. 181-187 .
  • Günter Max Behrendt: Hammet († 1691) - an Ottoman prisoner of war in Hanover. In: Beyond life / A walk through Hanover's cemeteries. In: Writings of the Historisches Museum Hannover , Vol. 39, Quensen Druck + Verlag GmbH and Co. KG, Hildesheim, 2010, ISBN 978-3-910073-40-1 , pp. 119–121.
  • Peter Schulze : Muslims. In: Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein (eds.) U. a .: City Lexicon Hanover . From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2009, ISBN 978-3-89993-662-9 , p. 457.

Web links

Commons : Mosques in Hanover  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Johann Heinrich Redecker: Historical Collectanea ... (see literature )
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Peter Schulze: Muslims (see literature )
  3. ↑ NN: 90,000 Muslims fast for Ramadan ... (see under the section media coverage )
  4. ↑ a b c Günter Max Behrendt: Hammet († 1691) ... (see literature)
  5. ^ Helmut Knocke : Leineschloss. In: Stadtlexikon Hannover , p. 398 f.
  6. ^ Eva Benz-Rababah : Large garden. In: Stadtlexikon Hannover , pp. 230–235
  7. ↑ Compare the Turkish -sprachige inscription on the plaque in front of the two grave steles on the New Town Cemetery
  8. ^ Helmut Zimmermann : Hannöversche Portraits. Life pictures from seven centuries , illustr. v. Rainer Ossi Oswald, Hanover 1983, p. 47ff.
  9. ↑ Wolfgang Ewig: Portrait pictures of Ludwig Maximilian Mehmet von Königstreu and his descendants in the Barsinghausen monastery (published by the Heimatbund Niedersachsen eV - Barsinghausen group), Barsinghausen 1993, ISBN 3-9803489-4-6 and ISBN 978-3-9803489-4- 2
  10. ^ Helmut Knocke , Hugo Thielen : Am Lindenhofe 16. In: Hannover Art and Culture Lexicon , p. 82f.
  11. ^ Johann Heinrich Redecker: Historische Collectanea ... , p. 726 u.ö.
  12. ^ F. Haase: Turkish prisoners in Hanover. In: Hannoversche Geschichtsblätter , 11th year, 1908, p. 349f.
  13. ↑ For details, see the explanations on the plexiglass panels there
  14. ↑ Heike Knortz : "Diplomatic barter deals - 'guest workers' in West German diplomacy and employment policy 1953–1973", Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2008, cover text
  15. ↑ Ministry for Integration, Family, Children, Youth and Women Rhineland-Palatinate : The German-Turkish recruitment agreement ( Memento of the original of July 11, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , last accessed on August 9, 2014 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / Lebenswege.rlp.de
  16. ↑ a b Press and public relations work of the state capital Hanover ( ViSdP ): Refugee care and budget / 21st meeting of the international committee on the website hannover.de on February 13, 2014, last accessed on August 9, 2014
  17. ↑ Klaus Irler: Home and Strangers / Come and Stay… In: Die Tageszeitung (TAZ) from February 18, 2011; on-line