Gable moor

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Gable moor

IUCN Category IV - Habitat / Species Management Area

Birch break in the Kleiner Giebelmoor

Birch break in the Kleiner Giebelmoor

location North-east of Wolfsburg , in the Gifhorn district in Lower Saxony
surface 670 ha
Identifier NSG BR 016
WDPA ID 163241
Geographical location 52 ° 31 '  N , 10 ° 57'  E Coordinates: 52 ° 31 '6 "  N , 10 ° 56' 36"  E
Giebelmoor (Lower Saxony)
Gable moor
Sea level from 61 m to 66 m
Setup date 05/05/1961
administration NLWKN
Gable moor during spring floods, here part of the large gable moor

The gable Moor as part of the wetland Drömling a 670 hectare, forest with stock fen . It is located in eastern Lower Saxony in the Gifhorn district near Rüßen, right on the state border with Saxony-Anhalt . The moor is divided into the small gable moor and the large gable moor . To the east it borders on the “ Schulenburgscher Drömling ” nature reserve , to the north, west and south on the “ Nördlicher Drömling ” nature reserve and to the south also to the “ Ohre-Drömling ” nature reserve in Saxony-Anhalt.

Most of the area is used for forestry . With its swamp forests of alder and birch with autochthonous conifers, it is considered the most south-westerly foothills of the Eastern European alder swamp forest and the taiga . Because of the numerous endangered animal and plant species, the gable moor is under nature protection and is an FFH area and a European bird sanctuary .

Geography and geology

The Giebelmoor is located in the community-free area Giebel in the western, Lower Saxony part of the Drömling in the triangle of the places Rorien , Parsau and Kaiserwinkel . It is cut through in a west-east direction by a narrow county road , the Giebeldamm. It divides the wetland into the small gable moor north of the road and the large gable moor to the south . The small gable moor is about 1.5 km long and on average 700 m wide. The Great Gable Moor is around 2 km wide and 2.5 km long. A nearby moor, in which, as in the gable moor, there is extensive birch quarry forest, is the bird moor .

Numerous drainage ditches run through the gable moor, on which slightly elevated paths have been created as dams. In the west the sixteen- foot trench (named after the width in feet ) serves as a border, in the east the through-hole trench. The twenty-foot trench, which is the widest, crosses the entire area in a north-south direction. As in the entire western part of the Drömling, the gable moor is drained through ditches in the direction of the Aller on a slight slope . In contrast, in the eastern part of the Drömling, the water flows off to the ear .

The subsoil of the gable bog, like that of the Drömling, consists of a depression formed during the Ice Age , overlaid by flat bog turf. The mineral subsoil is the valley sands of the Saale Ice Age . In places, layers of lime-rich loam are enclosed in the sand, which is beneficial for the nutrient balance of the quarry forests.

climate

The wetland, like the Drömling, lies on a climatic boundary between east and west. Here there is a piece of Eastern Europe between maritime influence and continental impact. Because of the population of presumably autochthonous pines and spruces in the birch quarry of the Kleiner Giebelmoor, the area is considered the westernmost extension of the Siberian taiga .

history

Autochthonous black alder after lowering the groundwater level on stilt-like roots in the Great Gable Moor
Presumably autochthonous pines in the Kleiner Giebelmoor

The gable moor is part of the extensive Drömling wetland lowland . Originally, this was an inaccessible marshland with swampy forests , through which everyone and ears flowed, and which was regularly flooded from autumn to spring. As a result of the amelioration in the 19th century, the Drömling was largely converted into green and arable land . The gable bog was also influenced by the drainage measures, but was the only contiguous swamp forest area in the Drömling that remained.

The reclamation of the eastern, Prussian part of the Drömling until 1796 under Frederick the Great did not yet affect the gable moor. The straightening of the Aller in 1827 did not reduce the high water levels of the moor either. It was not until the Aller-Ohre regulation of 1868 with the construction of drainage ditches in the gable bog that the water table was lowered . From this point in time, silvicultural use was possible. The surface peat layer then dried out in summer due to the drainage . Large areas of the alder quarry forest, adapted to high water levels, died off. Even then it was recognized that rewetting was necessary to a certain extent. When the drainage ditches were then closed again, there were prolonged floods that also destroyed the forest. The last time the Great Gable Moor was under water for 20 months was in 1926. In terms of forestry, the Giebel forest district developed into a subsidy operation during this time.

Artificial drainage in the 19th century accelerated the natural development from a flat moor to an intermediate moor and thus from an alder break to a birch break. During this development, the natural forest regeneration took place in such a way that the downy birch increasingly replaced the alder.

On April 15, 1961, the NSG “Kleines Moor” was set up in the Kleiner Giebelmoor as the forerunner of today's nature reserve. The present nature reserve has existed since February 2, 1979.

fauna and Flora

Forestry road in the Großer Giebelmoor , 1986

The gable bog consists largely of forest that is used for forestry by the Lower Saxony State Forests . In silviculture , high forests of birch, alder and oak predominate , with poplar, spruce, pine and ash to a small extent. In some places the forest has a primeval forest-like structure with a lot of dead and undergrowth as a layer of bushes. The gable moor has been a nature reserve since 1979 . The initial area of ​​240 hectares was expanded to 670 hectares in 1992. In the interior of the forest area there is a natural forest cell , for which entry is absolutely prohibited (including on paths). In addition, a crane breeding site was created near a body of water , the wider area of ​​which is also not allowed to be entered during the breeding season.

Vegetation mapping 1947

During a vegetation mapping of the gable bog in 1947, the following forest communities were observed:

The groundwater level measured in 1947 was between 30 and 60 cm below the surface. The peat layer in the large gable bog was 30 to 90 cm thick, and the mineral subsoil of sand began below it. In the Kleiner Giebelmoor the peat layer was at least 80 cm thick.

Vegetation survey 1989

In a vegetation survey in 1989, 51 bird species were found in the gable bog. The following species on the Red List were observed:

The following plants that are on the Red List of Endangered Species were found in the gable bog :

literature

  • Konrad Buchwald: Broken forest communities in the large and small bog forestry office Danndorf (Drömling) . Stolzenau 1951.
  • Ernst Andreas Friedrich : Natural monuments of Lower Saxony . Hanover 1980, ISBN 3-7842-0227-6 .
  • Maintenance and development plan for the nature reserve: Giebelmoor and Aller-Auenwald . Lower Saxony Forest Planning Office Wolfenbüttel, 1989.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ernst Andreas Friedrich: Natural monuments of Lower Saxony , "Last Relict of the Taiga: The Drömling", pages 147,148
  2. ^ Ordinance text from 1979 (PDF file), accessed on September 25, 2011

Web links

Commons : Giebelmoor Nature Reserve  - Collection of images, videos and audio files