Janska
| Janska | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Ústecký kraj | ||||
| District : | Děčín | ||||
| Area : | 536.2588 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 48 ' N , 14 ° 23' E | ||||
| Height: | 230 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 203 (Jan. 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 407 21 | ||||
| License plate : | U | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Česká Kamenice - Srbská Kamenice | ||||
| Railway connection: | Děčín – Varnsdorf | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | local community | ||||
| Districts: | 1 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Alexandr Straka (as of: 2018) | ||||
| Address: | Janská 83 405 02 Děčín 2 |
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| Municipality number: | 530395 | ||||
| Website : | www.obec-janska.cz | ||||
| Location of Janská in the Děčín district | |||||
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Janská (German Johnsbach , also Jonsbach ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located four kilometers west of Česká Kamenice and belongs to the Okres Děčín .
geography
Geographical location
The Waldhufendorf is located in the south of Bohemian Switzerland in the valley of the Kamenice at the confluence of the streams Olešnička and Bílý potok ( Weisbach ). The Strážiště ( Huttenberg , 469 m) rises to the north, the Filipovský vrch (360 m) and the Rabštejn ( Rabstein , 306 m) to the east, the Sedlo (447 m) to the south-east and the Ptáčník ( Vogelberg , 353 m) to the south , Strážný vrch ( Wachberg , 405 m) and Olešský vrch ( Beckenberg , 355 m).
Community structure
No districts are shown for the municipality of Janská.
Neighboring communities
Neighboring towns are Filipov in the northeast, Dolní Kamenice in the east, Víska pod Lesy and Kamenická Nová Víska in the southeast, Veselé and Markvartice in the south, Stará Oleška and Lužná in the west and Srbská Kamenice in the northwest.
history
The first written mention of the village Janspach , which belonged to the Scharfenstein rule , was in the town register of Kamnitz in 1380 . The owner at that time was Johann von Michalowitz from the Wartenberg family . In 1406 the Berken von Dubá acquired the property, in 1428 followed Sigmund von Wartenberg auf Tetschen and in 1511 Nikolaus Trčka von Lípa . He sold the goods to Johann von Salhausen and his brothers in 1515. When the property was divided in 1535, Jonsbach became part of the new Kamnitz rule . The Gobelsmühle located on the Kamnitz has been traceable since 1480. In 1577 the place was hit by the worst flood in its history. In 1584 the plague broke out in the Kamnitz rule and did not spare Jonsbach either. In 1614 Radslav Kinsky became the owner of Jonsbach. In addition to agriculture, trade in various glassware has been carried out in Jonsbach since 1724. The village was always parish to the city church of James the Elder in Kamnitz.
After the abolition of patrimonial Jonsbach formed from 1850 a political municipality in the district administration Tetschen / Děčín. In 1860 Franz Preidl built a textile factory in the eastern part of the Rabsteiner Grund, which he expanded to include two more factories in 1864 and 1867. In 1869 the Bohemian Northern Railway opened the railway line from Tetschen to Warnsdorf. The Rabstein train station was built south of Jonsbach, halfway to Obermarkersdorf . In 1884 the workers in the Rabstein factories went on strike for a reduction in working hours and better wages. In 1890 a chapel was built in Jonsbach and a cemetery was laid out. In the 1890s an oil mill was built on the Weisbach in the Guntermühle, which burned down in 1911. A flood of the Kamnitz in 1897 caused severe damage in the Rabstein factories. At the beginning of the 20th century, the owner of the Kamnitz estate, Count Kinsky, released chamois in the woods around Jonsbach. Emanuel Karsch, who owned the Rabstein factories after Preidl's death, had the “Zur Rabsteiner Schweiz” inn built in Rabsteiner Grund in 1904, which also served as the canteen for the spinning mills. On the Huttenberg Karsch bought several farms in 1911 and combined them to form the large estate of 150 hectares Huttenhof . The global economic crisis led to the closure of the spinning mill at Rabstein No. 59 and another factory in the 1920s, which served as barracks for a unit of the Czechoslovak border guard from 1931 to 1933. In 1938 the XXII. Guard battalion of the Czechoslovak Army stationed under Major Jan Žižka, which built light fortifications of the Czechoslovak Wall in Bohemian Switzerland .
In 1930 Johnsbach had 516 inhabitants, of which 485 were German and 21 were Czech. After the Munich Agreement , the community was added to the German Reich on October 2, 1938 and belonged to the Tetschen district until 1945 , and from 1943 Tetschen-Bodenbach . After the barracks were cleared by the Czechoslovak Army , it was initially used by the Wehrmacht . In 1939 there were 447 people in Johnsbach. In 1940, one of the factory buildings previously used as barracks housed Volhynian Germans who were evacuated from the Soviet Union. The Rabstein factories were bought by the Vereinigte Färbereien AG in Vienna in September 1940. The company also resumed production in the Rabstein No. 59 spinning mill, which was used as barracks, but by December 1941 all three Rabstein spinning mills were shut down. On October 1, 1942, the Rabstein factories were confiscated by the German Reich and assigned to Weser-Flugzeugbau GmbH Bremen (WFG) as a production facility for aircraft and weapons. 30 labor camps and two prisoner-of-war camps for Soviet and Anglo-American prisoners were set up around Johnsbach, Rabstein and Böhmisch Kamnitz to meet the manpower requirements of the war-important company. In 1944 a subcamp for 700 prisoners of the Flossenbürg concentration camp was set up and in July the excavation of the first tunnel for an underground production facility of the WFG began on the Johnsbacher Flur under the code name Zechstein in Rabsteiner Grund. In the eight months up to May 1945, tunnels and rooms of 17,500 m² were excavated in the sandstone. A total of 6,000 people from 18 countries were housed in the Rabstein camp complex. In 1945 Johnsbach returned to Czechoslovakia and the German residents were expelled . A collection camp for Sudeten Germans was set up in the Rabstein spinning mill at No. 59, which existed until 1946.
On August 28, 1946, the municipality was renamed Janská . 1950 Janská had 315 inhabitants and was assigned to the newly established Okres Nový Bor. In the same year an external garrison of the Czechoslovak Army was stationed in Rabštejn and the Rabsteiner Grund was again declared a restricted area. An agricultural school for poultry production was established in the Huttenberggut in 1952. In 1961 a large poultry farm was built on the site. In the 1960s, the army began building underground material depots for the Warsaw Pact at the former Rabštejn No. 59 spinning mill . In 1966 the former Rabštejn No. 59 spinning mill was demolished. The school closed in 1967 and the local national committee moved into the building. In 1970 Janská had 274 inhabitants. In 1972 a fire broke out in the poultry breeding facility, which destroyed a hall with 6500 chickens. The chapel and the cemetery were devastated in the second half of the 20th century. After its dissolution, the community came back to Okres Děčín at the beginning of 1961 . Between 1980 and 1992 Janská was incorporated into Česká Kamenice .
After the Velvet Revolution, the restricted military area in Rabsteiner Grund was lifted and a museum was set up in the WFG tunnels. Since January 1, 1993, the Janská municipality has existed again. On July 1, 2009, parts of Janská were flooded by the Kamenice river.
Culture and sights
- Rabštejnské údolí ( Rabsteiner Grund ), rock valley on the Kamenice
- Rock valley of the Olešnička brook, at the end of the 19th century the brook was dammed in the Austriaklamm .
- Museum of the citizens' association on the history of the Rabstein factories and the underground aircraft factory
- Memorial stone for the Rabstein concentration camp
- Timbered log houses, some with framework
- Statue of St. John of Nepomuk from the end of the 18th century
- Baroque rock chapel from 1707
