kk Landwehr
The imperial-royal Landwehr (also: kk Landwehr ) consisted from 1869 to 1918 of the territorial forces of the Cisleithan half of the empire , which were set up as a counterpart to the ku Landwehr . Together with the Joint Army and the Austro-Hungarian Navy, the two Landwehr formed the armed forces of Austria-Hungary (officially called "Armed Power" or "Wehrmacht").
In contrast to the German Reich , where the Landwehr consisted largely of reservists and unserved officers, the Imperial-Royal Landwehr consisted of regular units. It was fully set up according to the budget and not partially mobile or cadre. The Landwehr is not to be confused with the Landsturm .
history
The roots of the Landwehr can be found in the 16th century when all members of the military were mobilized for national defense.
During the Napoleonic Wars , an imperial patent dated June 9, 1808, created a Landwehr as a permanent and general facility to supplement the regular Austrian army . This troop was deployed in 1809 and between 1813 and 1814. In 1859 the Landwehr was lifted.
After the lost war between the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia , the Kingdom of Hungary achieved partial sovereignty with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise in 1867 . In addition to the Austro- Hungarian Army and the Austro-Hungarian Navy , which were only subordinate to the Kaiser and the Austro-Hungarian Minister of War , Hungary wanted to have its own armed forces that were to be subordinate to the Hungarian government. The compensation therefore also included Hungary's right to build up the Royal Hungarian Landwehr, Király Honvédség , commonly known as Honvéd for short .
As cisleithanisches counterpart was in the Imperial Council represented kingdoms and lands the remaining Empire of Austria, based on those established by the National Defense Act of 5 December 1868 conscription ( RGBl. No. 151/1868), so also with the Austrian Landwehr Act of May 13, 1869 (RGBl. No. 68/1869) a Landwehr was built. Their tasks were last specified in 1889 in the Austrian Defense Act (RGBl. No. 41/1889) as follows:
§ 4. The Landwehr is intended in war to support the army and for internal defense, in peace, exceptionally, also to maintain order and security within.
In Section 14 of the Defense Act 1889, the annual recruitment contingent for the Landwehr was set at 10,000 men.
The military service in the Landwehr existed from 21 to 32 years of age and was two or three years active with the troops. The one-year volunteers only served one year but received no wages and had to pay for their own equipment. After the completion of the 32nd year of life, the conscript Landwehr men were transferred to the Landsturm . Since there were more conscripts than needed, the lot decided who was assigned to the army, the Landwehr or the replacement reserve .
Troop flag
Initially, the Imperial and Royal Landwehr did not carry a troop flag, but in September 1915 Emperor Franz Joseph I donated the M 1915 flag in recognition of the particularly meritorious services of the Imperial and Royal Landwehr, and it was produced in 1916 under the supervision of the Army Museum. They should be handed over to the units at the end of the war. The process was regulated in the ordinance sheet for the kk Landwehr, normal ordinances, 22nd item, of September 8, 1915, in which the procedure for the award of the flags with circular ordinance of September 4, 1915, Pres.No. 14,256 was determined. The following letter was issued for this purpose:
“His kuk Apostolic Majesty have once again most graciously recognized the particularly meritorious achievements of the kk Landwehr, which during the entire war period so far with the troops of k. and k. Army competes in the steadfast and most loyal fulfillment of its duties before the enemy and has already repeatedly received the highest recognition, graciously considering the participation of the Imperial and Royal Landwehr foot troops with flags. The disposition regarding the furnishing and execution of these flags as well as their production and the ceremonial issue will take place after the war is over. This act of highest grace should be a further incentive for the troops of the Imperial and Royal Landwehr to new heroic deeds and will certainly prove to be worthy of this highest order again and again through further brilliant performances before the enemy! "
Freiherr von Georgi mp
General of the Infantry
The flags were no longer issued during the period of the monarchy; they were only given to traditional associations later. How many of these flags were made is not known. There is evidence that at least the flag of the "kk Landwehr Infantry Regiment - Linz - No. 2" was handed over to the "Comradeship Association of Former Two Riflemen" in Linz on June 8, 1924. The existence of the flag of the "kk Landwehr Infantry Regiment" Vienna "No. 1" is also proven.
construction
The Austrian Landwehr was subordinate to the kk national defense ministry (like the Honvéd the ku Honvéd ministry - both independent of the common war ministry ).
The Imperial and Royal Ministry of Defense was located in Vienna at Babenbergerstrasse 5. The Landwehroupkommando was located on the first floor of the then Imperial and Royal Ministry of Justice at 4 Schillerplatz. Landwehr staff and the Landwehrplatz Command were quartered in private houses. During the First World War, the Imperial and Royal Ministry of National Defense was represented in the War Surveillance Office.
The Landwehr had its own barracks , depots and educational facilities for the officers . The Landwehr officers were trained in the kk Franz-Joseph-Military Academy in Boerhaavegasse in Vienna, one of five military academies in Austria-Hungary . In addition, there was a military upper secondary school in Vienna and a military lower secondary school in Bruck an der Leitha.
Barracks of the Landwehr in Vienna were the Kaiserebersdorfer Landwehr Artillery Barracks , Kaiser-Franz-Joseph-Landwehr barracks and militia barracks Siebenbrunnengasse . The Landwehr equipment depot was adjacent to this barracks . The kk Landwehr weapons depot was built at the arsenal in Vienna.
When war broke out in 1914, the kk Landwehr consisted of:
- 35 infantry regiments
- 2 mountain infantry regiments (4th and 27th kk Landwehr infantry regiments)
- 3 Tyrolean Landesschutzen -Regimentern (since 1917 "kk Kaiserschützen")
- 1 Riding Tyrolean Rifle Division (in battalion strength - divisions as a large unit were called infantry troop divisions)
- 1 Riding Dalmatian Rifle Division
- 6 Uhlan regiments
- 8 field cannon divisions
- 8 field howitzer divisions
Although the Landwehr infantry regiments were less staffed than the regiments of the Austro-Hungarian infantry (the Landwehr regiments had only three battalions instead of the four battalions customary in the Common Army - with the exception of the Landesschützen regiments No. I and No. III, which also had four Battalions), they were often superior to them in terms of equipment. The parliaments of Cis and Transylvania were more willing to provide financial resources to “their” troop units than to the common army.
A special feature was also the designation of the regiments that had the garrison location of the regimental staff in their name (e.g. kk Landwehr Infantry Regiment "Eger" No. 6 ). The same was true for the Landessschützen, who belonged to the Landwehr ( Imperial and Royal Landesschützen-Regiment "Innichen" No. III ). This emphasized the ties between the regiment and the garrison concerned.
infantry
On April 11, 1917, the Landwehr infantry units were renamed. The term "Landwehr" was replaced by "Schützen".
- Landwehr Infantry Troop Division (later Imperial and Royal Rifle Division)
- Landwehr Infantry Brigade (later Imperial and Royal Rifle Brigade)
- Imperial and Royal Landwehr Infantry Regiment "Pola" No. 5 = Imperial and Royal Rifle Regiment "Pola" No. 5
Landwehr infantry troop divisions
| I. | II. |
|---|---|
- Vienna VIII. District Albertgasse 24
25th Landwehr Infantry Brigade (Vienna VII district Neustiftgasse 28)
26th Landwehr Infantry Brigade ( Brno ) Commander: Major General Emil Lischka
|
- Prague
41st Landwehr Infantry Brigade (Pilsen)
42nd Landwehr Brigade (Prague)
|
| I. | II. |
|---|---|
- Graz
43rd Landwehr Infantry Brigade (Graz)
44th Landwehr Infantry Brigade ( Pola ) Commander: Major General Ignaz Schmidt Edler von Fussina
|
- Leitmeritz
51st Landwehr Infantry Brigade ( Hohenmauth )
52nd Landwehr Infantry Brigade (Leitmeritz) Commander: Major General Otto Gössmann
|
| I. | II. |
|---|---|
- Innsbruck
87th Landwehr Infantry Brigade (Linz)
88th State Rifle Brigade (Bozen) Commander: Major General Karl Georgi |
- Przemyśl
89th Landwehr Infantry Brigade (Przemyśl)
90th Landwehr Infantry Brigade (Jaroslau)
|
| I. | II. |
|---|---|
- Krakow
91st Landwehr Infantry Brigade (Krakow)
92nd State Rifle Brigade (Olomouc)
|
Landwehr infantry regiments
The infantry regiment consisted of only three battalions instead of the four battalions customary in the Common Army . The seat of the regimental staff is always given as the garrison.
- Imperial and Royal Landwehr Infantry Regiment "Vienna" No. 1
- 25th Landwehr Infantry Brigade - 13th Landwehr Infantry Troop Division - Landwehr Command in Vienna
- Erected: 1889: Garrison: Vienna (Stab - XIII. Bez. Hütteldorfer Str. 188 ) 48 ° 11 ′ 49 ″ N , 16 ° 17 ′ 7 ″ E
- Nationalities: 95% German - 5% other
- Landwehr supplementary district: Vienna A
- Commander: Colonel Alexander Dini
- Staff officers: Lieutenant Colonels Gustav Urbanek and Karl Schubert. Majors Friedrich Bitterlich, Franz Heillinger, Karl Edler von Ruckmich and Julius Hoppe
- Imperial and Royal Landwehr Infantry Regiment "Graz" No. 3
- 43rd Landwehr Infantry Brigade - 22nd Landwehr Infantry Troop Division - Landwehr Command in Graz
- Established: 1889: Garrison: Graz - II. Baon Leoben
- Nationalities: 94% German - 6% other
- Landwehr supplementary district: Graz and Marburg -
- Commander: Colonel Franz Flach
- Staff officers: Lieutenant Colonels Friedrich Hadler and Friedrich Teppner. - Majors Maximilian Kispert, Josef Karpellus, Friedrich Ritter von Wohlrab and August Strasser
- Imperial and Royal Landwehr Infantry Regiment "Klagenfurt" No. 4
- 44th Landwehr Infantry Brigade - 22nd Landwehr Infantry Troop Division - Landwehr Command in Graz
- Erected: 1889: Garrison: Klagenfurt - II. And III. Baon Hermagor
- Nationalities: 79% German - 21% other
- Landwehr supplementary district: Klagenfurt
- Commanding officer: Colonel Friedrich Eckhardt von Eckhardtsburg
- Staff officers: Lieutenant Colonels Karl Brunner and Alois Edler von Fritsch. Majors Eduard Alpi, Desiderius Deniflée, Robert Salomon and Emil Raabl von Hauenfreienstein
- The Landwehr Infantry Regiment No. 4 belonged to the Imperial and Royal Mountain Troops . From April 11, 1917 it was called the Imperial and Royal Mountain Rifle Regiment No. 1
- Deviating from the Landwehr adjustment regulation, it wore the uniform based on the pattern of the Landesschützen with the edelweiss on the collar, but instead of the Tyrolean eagle the number 4 on the hunter's horn of the hat.
- Imperial and Royal Landwehr Infantry Regiment "Pola" No. 5
- 44th Landwehr Infantry Brigade - 22nd Landwehr Infantry Troop Division - Landwehr Command in Graz
- Pola covering force
- Established: 1889: Garrison: Pola
- Nationalities: 45% Slovenes - 22% Serbs / Croats - 20% Italians - 8% others
- Landwehr supplementary district: Trieste
- Commanding Officer: Colonel Richard Keki
- Staff officers: Lieutenant Colonels Eugen Vučinić, Bernhard Zahn, Georg Mitrović and Heinrich Mandolfo. Majors Edmund Lazar, Peter Franičević and Emil Ritter von Fischer
- Imperial and Royal Landwehr Infantry Regiment "Pilsen" No. 7
- 41st Landwehr Infantry Brigade - 21st Landwehr Infantry Division - Landwehr Command in Prague
- Established: 1889: Garrison: Pilsen - III. Baon in Rokycany
- Landwehr supplementary district: 60% Czechs - 30% Germans - 10% others
- Complementary district: Pilsen and Beraun
- Commanding officer: Colonel Franz Sappe
- Staff officers: Lieutenant Colonels Leo Pflug, Johann Weber and Adam Brun. Majors Wilhelm Baumgartner, Eduard Scheiber, Wilhelm Mayer-Koffler and Karl Fischer
- Imperial and Royal Landwehr Infantry Regiment "Prague" No. 8
- 42nd Landwehr Infantry Brigade - 21st Landwehr Infantry Troop Division - Landwehr Command in Prague
- Established: 1889: Garrison: Prague
- Nationalities: 95% Czech - 5% other
- Landwehr Recruiting District: Prague and Beraun
- Commanding officer: Colonel Albert Welley
- Staff officers: Lieutenant Colonels Wilhelm Pulz and Josef Trink. Majors Franz Wolf, Franz Štěpánek, Jakob Zdeněk, Klaudius Ritter Schoen von Liebingen, r Johann Nachtmann and Julius Biborosch
- Imperial and Royal Landwehr Infantry Regiment "Leitmeritz" No. 9
- 52nd Landwehr Infantry Brigade - 26th Landwehr Infantry Troop Division - Landwehr Command in Leitmeritz
- Established: 1889: Garrison: Leitmeritz - III. Baon in Chomutov
- Nationalities: 86% German - 14% other
- Landwehr supplementary district: Leitmeritz and Komotau
- Commanding officer: Colonel Josef Ritter Reyl-Hanisch von Greiffenthal
- Staff officers: Colonel Karl Edler von Maschke. Lieutenant Colonels Franz Schmidt and Franz Knirsch. Majors Erwin Preuss, Franz Gasser and Leo Stangl
- Imperial and Royal Landwehr Infantry Regiment "Jungbunzlau" No. 10
- 52nd Landwehr Infantry Brigade - 26th Landwehr Infantry Troop Division - Landwehr Command in Leitmeritz
- Established: 1889: Garrison: Jungbunzlau - III. Baon in Turnau
- Nationalities: 95% Czech - 5% other
- Landwehr supplementary district: Jungbunzlau and Turnau
- Commanding officer: Colonel Viktor Meisel
- Staff officers: Lieutenant Colonels Franz Wanka and Karl Bubnik. Majors Moritz von Frank and Johann Preiss
- Imperial and Royal Landwehr Infantry Regiment "Jičin" No. 11
- 51st Landwehr Infantry Brigade - 26th Landwehr Infantry Troop Division - Landwehr Command in Leitmeritz
- Established: 1889: Garrison: Jičín - III. Baon in Jaroměř
- Nationalities: 63% Czech - 36% German - 1% other
- Landwehr supplementary district: Jičin and Königgrätz
- Commander: Colonel Emil Stangl
- Staff officers: Colonel Ignaz Bezděk - Lieutenant Colonels Josef Basler, Karl Petzold, Franz Rutta and Edgar Gautsch von Frankenborn. Major Rudolf Hug
- Imperial and Royal Landwehr Infantry Regiment "Časlau" No. 12
- 51st Landwehr Infantry Brigade - 26th Landwehr Infantry Troop Division - Landwehr Command in Leitmeritz
- Established: 1889: Garrison: Časlau
- Nationalities: 87% Czech - 13% other
- Landwehr supplementary district: Časlau and Jungbunzlau
- Commanding officer: Colonel Oskar Esch
- Staff officers: Lieutenant Colonels Emil Pohl and Josef Dokoupil. Majors Franz Großauer, Franz Weinbacher and Hermann Jellinek
- Imperial and Royal Landwehr Infantry Regiment "Olomouc" No. 13
- 92nd Landwehr Infantry Brigade - 46th Landwehr Infantry Division - Landwehr Command in Cracow
- Established: 1889: Garrison: Olomouc - III. Baon in Mährisch-Schönberg
- Nationalities: 64% Czech - 31% German - 5% other
- Landwehr supplementary district: Olmütz and Mährisch Schönberg
- Commander: Colonel Emil Wank
- Staff officers: Lieutenant Colonels Josef Baranowski, Franz Lindner and Friedrich Ritter von Stępski. Majors Gustav Illić, Julius Kuczera, August Ritter von Panzera and Adolf Buchsbaum
- Imperial and Royal Landwehr Infantry Regiment "Brno" No. 14
- 26th Landwehr Infantry Brigade - 13th Landwehr Infantry Troop Division - Landwehr Command in Vienna
- Erected: 1889: Garrison: Brno - II. Baon in Iglau
- Nationalities: 67% Czech - 31% German - 2% other
- Landwehr supplementary district: Brno and Jihlava
- Commanding officer: Colonel Gustav Ritter von Zygadłowicz
- Staff officers: Lieutenant Colonel i. General Staff Corps Karl Stutz - Lieutenant Colonel Oskar Waßhuber and. Eduard Rott. Majors Rudolf Steinbrecher and Franz Tippelt
- Imperial and Royal Landwehr Infantry Regiment "Troppau" No. 15
- 92nd Landwehr Infantry Brigade - 46th Landwehr Infantry Division - Landwehr Command in Cracow
- Established: 1889: Garrison: Troppau - III. Baon in Mährisch-Weißkirchen
- Nationalities: 82% German - 18% other
- Landwehr supplementary district: Troppau and Olmütz
- Commander: Colonel Emil Pattay Edler von Ključ
- Staff officers: Lieutenant Colonel Konrad Pikolka. Majors Theodor Piekhart, Emil Pohlenz and Johann Mohelský
- Imperial and Royal Landwehr Infantry Regiment "Krakau" No. 16
- 91st Landwehr Infantry Brigade - 46th Landwehr Infantry Troop Division - Landwehr Command in Krakow
- Established: 1889: Garrison: Cracow
- Nationalities: 82% Polish - 18% other
- Landwehr Recruiting District: Krakow and Wadowice
- Commanding officer: Colonel Heinrich Freiherr von Dürfeld
- Staff officers: Lieutenant Colonels Ludwig Zawada, Ludwig Freisinger and Karl Prettner. Majors Alexander Edler von Karchesy, Adolf Meindl and Eduard Müller
- Imperial and Royal Landwehr Infantry Regiment "Rzeszów" No. 17
- 90th Landwehr Infantry Brigade - 45th Landwehr Infantry Division - Landwehr Command in Przemyšl
- Established: 1899: Garrison: Rzeszów
- Nationalities: 97% Polish - 3% other
- Landwehr Recruiting District: Rzeszów
- Commanding officer: Colonel Edmund Lober Edler von Karstenrod
- Staff officers: Lieutenant Colonel Moritz Löwenstein. Majors Karl Nikodem, Karl Kunzek and Josef Sittenberger
- Imperial and Royal Landwehr Infantry Regiment "Przemyśl" No. 18
- 89th Landwehr Infantry Brigade - 45th Landwehr Infantry Division - Landwehr Command in Przemyśl
- Established: 1889: Garrison: Przemyśl
- Nationalities: 47% Ruthenians - 43% Poles - 10% others
- Landwehr Recruiting District: Przemyśl and Sanok
- Commander: Colonel Eduard Bezdiczka
- Staff officers: Colonel Robert Pluhard von Ulogponte. Lieutenant Colonels Franz Kraliček and Karl Lindinger. Majors Hugo Reichel, Ignaz Pick and Viktore Jarosz
- Imperial and Royal Landwehr Infantry Regiment "Lemberg" No. 19
- 85th Landwehr Infantry Brigade - 43rd Infantry Troop Division - Landwehr Command in Lemberg
- Established: 1889: Garrison: Lemberg
- Nationalities: 59% Ruthenians - 31% Poles - 10% others
- Landwehr supplementary district: Lemberg and Bereschany
- Commanding officer: Colonel Karl Jent
- Staff officers: Lieutenant Colonels Johann Opletal and Franz Springinsfeld. Majors Rudolf Thom, Alexander Süss, Franz Paulik, Kajetan Amirowicz and Miecislaus Linde
- Imperial and Royal Landwehr Infantry Regiment "Stanislau" No. 20
- 85th Landwehr Infantry Brigade - 43rd Landwehr Infantry Troop Division - Landwehr Command in Lemberg
- Established: 1889: Garrison: Stanislau
- Nationalities: 72% Ruthenians - 28% other
- Landwehr supplementary district: Stanislau, Bereschany and Czortków
- Commander: Colonel Anton Kosel
- Staff officers: Lieutenant Colonels Adolf Flecker, Josef Otter and Emanuel Hohenauer. Majors Maximilian Preier and Otto Schreyer
- Imperial and Royal Landwehr Infantry Regiment "Sankt Pölten" No. 21
- 87th Landwehr Infantry Brigade - 44th Landwehr Infantry Troop Division - Landwehr Command in Innsbruck
- Established: 1889: Garrison: Sankt Pölten
- Nationalities: 98% German - 2% other
- Landwehr supplementary district: St. Pölten and Vienna B
- Commander: Colonel Eduard Edler von Dietrich
- Staff officers: Lieutenant Colonels Josef Vizthum and Heribert Marchesani. Major Franz Sax, Josef Koch, Johann Lentsch, Gottfried Koch and Johann Ritter von Wróblewski
- Imperial and Royal Landwehr Infantry Regiment "Chernivtsi" No. 22
- 86th Landwehr Infantry Brigade - 43rd Landwehr Infantry Troop Division - Landwehr Command in Graz
- Established: 1889
- Garrison: Chernivtsi
- Nationalities: 27% Ruthenians - 54% Romanians - 19% others
- Landwehr supplementary district: Chernivtsi and Kolomea
- Commander: Colonel Alois Göttl
- Staff officers: Lieutenant Colonels Alfred Förster, Felix Szeparowicz, Iginio Castelpietra and Alfred Škvára. Majors Franz Thierry and Rudolf Dichtl
- Imperial and Royal Landwehr Infantry Regiment "Zara" No. 23
- 5th Mountain Infantry Brigade - 47th Infantry Troop Division - XVI. Army Corps
- Established: 1893
- Garrison: Zara
- Nationalities: 82% Serbs / Croats - 18% other
- Landwehr Recruiting District : Sebenico
- Commanding officer: Colonel Alfred Plesskot
- Staff officers: Lieutenant Colonel Josef Tuma, Artur Noë and Karl Böttner. Majors Moritz, Marquis de Bona, Maximilian Zangrando and Artur Redl
- Imperial and Royal Landwehr Infantry Regiment "Vienna" No. 24
- 25th Landwehr Infantry Brigade - 13th Landwehr Infantry Troop Division - Landwehr Command in Vienna
- Established: 1900
- Garrison: Vienna
- Nationalities: 97% German - 3% other
- Landwehr supplementary district: Vienna B and Znaim
- Commanding officer: Colonel Otto Richter
- Staff officers: Lieutenant Colonels Johann Seidl, Karl Hinek, Karl Darnhofer and Anton Heidrich. Majors Marian Herbert, Josef Weichert and Josef Jöbstl
- Imperial and Royal Landwehr Infantry Regiment "Kremsier" No. 25
- 26th Landwehr Infantry Brigade - 13th Landwehr Infantry Troop Division - Landwehr Command in Vienna
- Established: 1900
- Garrison: Kremsier
- Nationalities: 83% Czech - 17% other
- Landwehr supplementary district: Kremsier
- Commanding officer: Colonel Karl Mader
- Staff officers: Lieutenant Colonels in the General Staff Corps Ernst Weghaupt and Paul Schinnerer. Majors Johann Wotruba, Heinrich von Silber, Oskar Russ and Adolf Waldmann
- Imperial and Royal Landwehr Infantry Regiment "Marburg" No. 26
- 43rd Landwehr Infantry Brigade - 22nd Landwehr Infantry Troop Division - Landwehr Command in Graz
- Established: 1901
- Garrison: Marburg
- Nationalities: 77% German - 23% other
- Landwehr supplementary district: Marburg and Cilli
- Commander: Colonel Wenzel Schönauer
- Staff officers: Lieutenant Colonel Artur Edler von Schuschnigg , Josef Trauttweiller Edler von Sturmheg and Richard Volpi. Majors Alfred Schmidt and Florian Freiherr von Pasetti-Friedenburg
- Imperial and Royal Landwehr Infantry Regiment "Laibach" No. 27
- 44th Landwehr Infantry Brigade - 22nd Landwehr Infantry Troop Division - Landwehr Command in Graz
- Established: 1901
- Garrison: Laibach
- Nationalities: 86% Slovenes - 14% other
- Landwehr supplementary district: Laibach and Trieste
- Commanding officer: Colonel Karl Zahradniczek
- Staff officers: Lieutenant Colonels Koloman von Wolnovich and Ewald von Loeser. Majors Ludwig Pour and Adolf Mattig
- The Landwehr Infantry Regiment No. 27 belonged to the Imperial and Royal Mountain Troops . From April 11, 1917 it was called the Imperial and Royal Mountain Rifle Regiment No. 2
- Deviating from the Landwehr adjustment regulation, it wore the uniform based on the pattern of the Landesschützen with the edelweiss on the collar, but instead of the Tyrolean eagle the number 27 on the hunter's horn of the hat.
- Imperial and Royal Landwehr Infantry Regiment "Pisek" No. 28
- 42nd Landwehr Infantry Brigade - 21st Landwehr Infantry Division - Landwehr Command Prague
- Established: 1899
- Garrison: Pisek
- Nationalities: 79% Czech - 20% German - 1% other
- Landwehr supplementary district: Pisek , Neuhaus and Beneschau
- Commanding officer: Colonel Josef Fiedler
- Staff officers: Lieutenant Colonels Josef Povolný and Ämilian Salzer. Majors Franz Mácha, Cyrill Stransky and Johann Fink
- Imperial and Royal Landwehr Infantry Regiment "Budweis" No. 29
- 42nd Landwehr Infantry Brigade - 21st Landwehr Infantry Troop Division - Landwehr Command in Prague
- Established: 1899
- Garrison: Budweis
- Nationalities: 45% Czech - 54% German - 1% other
- Landwehr supplementary district: Budweis and Pisek
- Commander: Colonel Johann Wurja
- Staff officers: Lieutenant Colonels Robert Kneisl and Johann Petri. Majors Erwin Milanich, Johann Radda, Karl Sztowiček, and Maximilian Sonnleitner
- Imperial and Royal Landwehr Infantry Regiment "Hohenmauth" No. 30
- 51st Landwehr Infantry Brigade - 26th Landwehr Infantry Troop Division - Landwehr Command in Prague
- Established: 1899
- Garrison: Hohenmauth
- Nationalities: 68% Czech - 28% German - 4% other
- Landwehr supplementary district: Hohenmauth and Königgrätz
- Commanding officer: Colonel Rudolf Kasel
- Staff officers: Lieutenant Colonel Wilhelm Markart. Majors Eduard Russ, Julius Itz Edler von Mildenstein, Friedrich Berg and Franz Winkelmayer
- Imperial and Royal Landwehr Infantry Regiment "Teschen" No. 31
- 91st Landwehr Infantry Brigade - 46th Landwehr Infantry Troop Division - Landwehr Command in Krakow
- Established: 1901
- Garrison: Teschen
- Nationalities: 33% Czechs - 37% German - 27% Poles - 1% other
- Landwehr supplementary district: Teschen and Wadowice
- Commanding officer: Colonel Emil Maculan
- Staff officers: Lieutenant Colonel Emanuel Fritsch, Erwin Scholten, Josef Freiherr von Quasnitza and Julius Pollak. Majors Johann Teufel, Richard Fenderl and Josef Wolf
- Imperial and Royal Landwehr Infantry Regiment "Neusandez" No. 32
- 91st Landwehr Infantry Brigade - 46th Landwehr Infantry Troop Division - Landwehr Command in Krakow
- Established: 1901
- Garrison: New Sandez
- Nationalities: 91% Polish - 9% other
- Landwehr Recruiting District: Neusandez and Tarnów
- Commanding officer: Colonel Silvester Edler von Lucanović
- Staff officers: Lieutenant Colonel Willibald Sauer Edler von Nordendorf and Hugo Cron. Majors Alexander Meister, Albrecht Ritter von Krismanič and Jaroslav Melzer
- Imperial and Royal Landwehr Infantry Regiment "Stryj" No. 33
- 89th Landwehr Infantry Brigade - 45th Landwehr Infantry Division - Landwehr Command in Przemyśl
- Established: 1901
- Garrison: Stryi
- Nationalities: 73% Ruthenians - 27% other
- Landwehr Recruiting District: Stryj and Sambor
- Commander: Colonel Ludwig Hromatka
- Staff officers: Lieutenant Colonel Paul Gilli. Majors Franz Alt, Nikolaus Marynowicz, Hugo Wiglitzky and Johann Schwenk
- Imperial and Royal Landwehr Infantry Regiment "Jaroslau" No. 34
- 90th Landwehr Infantry Brigade - 45th Landwehr Infantry Division - Landwehr Command in Przemyśl
- Established: 1901
- Garrison: Jaroslau
- Nationalities: 75% Polish - 25% other
- Landwehr supplementary district: Jaroslau and Gródek Jagiellonski
- Commanding officer: Colonel Ferdinand Wlaschütz
- Staff officers: Lieutenant Colonel Franz Teucher. Majors Otto Wanggo, Johann Wanka, Jodok Bezeljak and Engelbert Czechura
- Imperial and Royal Landwehr Infantry Regiment "Zloczów" No. 35
- 85th Landwehr Infantry Brigade - 43rd Landwehr Infantry Troop Division - Landwehr Command in Lemberg
- Established: 1898
- Garrison: Zloczów
- Nationalities: 68% Ruthenians - 25% Poles - 9% others
- Landwehr Recruiting District: Zloczów and Tarnopol
- Commanding officer: Colonel Alfred Regenermel
- Staff officers: Lieutenant Colonels Karl Reichelt and Raimund Gossler. Majore Karl Schussböck, Heinrich Eccher von Echo Edler von Marienberg and Eduard von Godlewski de Magna Gozdawa-Godlewa
- Imperial and Royal Landwehr Infantry Regiment "Kolomea" No. 36
- 86th Landwehr Infantry Brigade - 43rd Landwehr Infantry Troop Division - Landwehr Command in Lemberg
- Established: 1899
- Garrison: Kolomea
- Nationalities: 70% Ruthenians - 21% Poles - 9% other
- Landwehr Recruiting District: Kolomea, Stanislau and Czortków
- Commanding officer: Colonel Adalbert Dobija
- Staff officers: Lieutenant Colonels Kamillo Pekarek, Maximilian Ullmann and Richard Stummer. Majors Moritz Nerber, Florbert Zacher and Taddäus Cyga-Karpiński
- Imperial and Royal Landwehr Infantry Regiment No. 37
- 4th Mountain Infantry Brigade - 47th Infantry Troop Division - XVI. Army Corps
- Established: 1906
- Garrison: Gravosa
- Nationalities: 82% Serbs / Croats - 8% other
- Landwehr Recruiting District: Castelnuovo
- Commander: Colonel Franz Grossmann
- Staff officers: Lieutenant Colonels Moritz Heider, Franz Soltoković and Paul Angjelić. Majors Alois Krainz, Johann Schuberth and Josef Ficker
State rifle regiments
The state riflemen formed the kk mountain troops from 1906 and were renamed "Kaiserschützen" in 1917 . Therefore, depending on the date, the different names are used.
Adjustment
The hat of the hunter troop made of matt black, waterproof felt served as the parade headgear of the Landwehr infantry . It consisted of the neck and brim and was equipped with a green round cord, a hunting horn and a plume of black cock feathers. The hat string was made of sheep's wool, had a push button and at each end an acorn covered with green wool and braided over like a net at the ends. The two acorns were attached to the back of the hat lintel. The cord for officers was made of black woven gold thread.
The lintel was in the shape of an oval cone with a moderately bulged bottom. The brim was laid flat at the back and front, but turned up on both sides. The edge of the brim was edged with black, lacquered calfskin.
On the left side of the lintel there was a backward sloping sleeve made of hat felt to attach the spring bush. The hat emblem - made of gold-colored metal - consisted of the hunter's horn. The battalion number made of silver-plated pakfong was affixed to the winding light. The emblem was attached over the spring sleeve so that the number showed the same oblique direction as the bush sleeve. The plume was tied in the shape of a cock's tail on a 1.5 mm thick piece of iron wire. The length of the plume was 29 cm. The bush was put into the sleeve on the hat so that the feathers hung down in an arched manner.
The infantry field cap was used as a field march .
The tunic of the Landwehr infantry was - for the men and officers - on average corresponding to the infantry. The team's skirt, made of pike-gray cloth, had armpit clasps, shoulder pads, collars and cuffs of a grass-green color. The buttons of all regiments were white and marked with the battalion number.
The blouse of the Landwehr infantry was the same color as the tunic. The troop category was indicated by grass-green parolis. With regard to the other equipment, there was no difference to the line infantry .
The trousers made of pike-gray cloth were cut long according to the regulations for the German regiments. It was equipped with grass-green lampasses for officers, crews and NCOs had grass-green passepoils on the side seam.
Different adjustment for regiments 4 and 27
Regiments 4 and 27, which were uniformed like the state riflemen, were excluded from these regulations .
There were no differences in the hat to the adjustment of the Landwehr infantry.
The infantry field cap was used as a field march . As a special badge, on the left side of the cap there was a small pocket, which was pointing diagonally upwards and forwards and into which a play tap was inserted. With property hats it happened that the feathers were attached directly to the hat and not tucked into the small pocket in order to bring out the white feathers better.
The tunic of the two regiments, like that of the riflemen - the men and officers - was cut in two rows, different from that of the infantry, and had two rows of eight silver heads each. The buttons bore the regimental number in Arabic numerals. The team's skirt, made of pike-gray cloth, had armpit clasps, shoulder pads, collars and cuffs of a grass-green color. On each side of the collar behind the distinction badges there was a matt silver edelweiss.
The riflemen's blouse was the same color as the tunic. The troop category was indicated by grass-green parolis. With regard to the rest of the equipment, there were differences to the infantry units of the Austro-Hungarian Army .
The trousers were like those of the Landwehr infantry.
- See also: kk mountain troop .
cavalry
Horse riflemen
- kk Reitende Dalmatiner Landesschützen Division
- Assigned as liaison cavalry:
- 1 platoon, 1st Squadron to 4th Mountain Brigade - 18th Infantry Division
- 1 platoon, 1st squadron to 2nd mountain brigade
- 1 platoon, 1st Squadron to 14th Mountain Brigade - 47th Infantry Division
- 1 platoon, 2nd Squadron to 5th Mountain Brigade - 18th Infantry Division
- 1 platoon to the 18th Infantry Division
- 2 platoons for 40th Honved Infantry Division
- Nationalities: 82% Serbs / Croats - 18% other
- Established: 1874
- Garrison: Sinj
- Commander: Lieutenant Colonel Julius Stöger-Steiner
Uhlans
Erected in 1869 as 12 independent Landwehr dragon squadrons and 13 Landwehr elan squadrons. From these three regiments of Landwehr dragon and Landwehr ulan were formed in 1883. In 1894, the Landwehr dragon regiments were also given the name Landwehr Ulan regiments.
- Imperial and Royal Landwehr Uhlan Regiment No. 1
- 3rd Landwehr Cavalry Brigade
- Established: 1883
- Assigned as division cavalry :
- 1st + 2nd Esk. Of the 11th Infantry Division
- 3rd + 4th Esk. Of the 30th Infantry Division
- 5th + 6th Esk. Of the 43rd Landwehr Infantry Division
- Nationalities: 65% Ruthenians - 30% Poles - 5% various
- Complementary District: Lviv
- Garrison: Lviv
- Commanding officer: Colonel Gustav Resch
- Imperial and Royal Landwehr Uhlan Regiment No. 2
- 2nd Landwehr Cavalry Brigade
- Established: 1883
- Assigned as division cavalry:
- 1st + 2nd Esk. Of the 26th Landwehr Infantry Division
- 3rd + 4th Esk. Of the 29th Infantry Division
- 5th + 6th Esk. Of the 10th Infantry Division
- Nationalities: 58% Czech - 42% various
- Complementary district: Leitmeritz
- Garrison: Hohenmauth
- Commander: Colonel Emil Hofsass
- Imperial and Royal Landwehr Uhlan Regiment No. 3
- 3rd Landwehr Cavalry Brigade
- Established: 1883
- Assigned as division cavalry:
- 1st + 2nd Esk. Of the 45th Landwehr Infantry Division
- 3rd + 4th Esk. Of the 24th Infantry Division
- 5th + 6th Esk. Of the 2nd Infantry Division
- Nationalities: 69% Poles - 26% Ruthenians - 5% Various
- Complementary district: Przemyśl
- Garrison: Rzeszów
- Commanding officer: Colonel Valerian Fehmel
- Imperial and Royal Landwehr Uhlan Regiment No. 4
- 2nd Landwehr Cavalry Brigade
- Established: 1883 as Landwehr Dragoon Regiment No. 2 and renamed in 1894
- Assigned as division cavalry:
- 1st + 2nd Esk. Of the 5th Infantry Division
- 3rd + 4th Esk. Of the 12th Infantry Division
- 5th + 6th Esk. Of the 46th Landwehr Infantry Division
- Nationalities: 85% Polish - 15% Various
- Complementary District: Krakow
- Garrison: Olomouc
- Commanding officer: Colonel Josef Weidenhoffer
- Imperial and Royal Landwehr Uhlan Regiment No. 5
- 1st Landwehr Cavalry Brigade
- Established: 1883 as Landwehr Dragoon Regiment No. 1 and renamed in 1894
- Assigned as division cavalry:
- 1st + 2nd Esk. Of the 4th Infantry Division
- 3rd + 4th Esk. Of the 25th Infantry Division
- 5th + 6th Esk. Of the 13th Landwehr Infantry Division
- Nationalities: 97% German - 3% different
- Supplementary district: Vienna
- Garrison: Stockerau
- Commanding officer: Colonel Julius Brandmeyer
- Imperial and Royal Landwehr Uhlan Regiment No. 6
- 1st Landwehr Cavalry Brigade
- Established: 1883 as Landwehr Dragoon Regiment No. 3 and renamed in 1894
- Assigned as division cavalry:
- 1st + 2nd Esk. Of the 3rd Infantry Division
- 3rd + 4th Esk. Of the 8th Infantry Division
- 5th + 6th Esk. Of the 44th Landwehr Infantry Division
- Nationalities: 60% German - 39% Czech - 1% different
- Complementary District: Prague
- Garrison: Wels
- Commanding officer: Colonel Ferdinand von Habermann
artillery
Field cannon divisions
- kk Landwehr field cannon division No. 13
- Established: 1913
- Nationalities: 83% German - 17% other
- Supplementary district: Vienna
- Garrison: Vienna
- kk Landwehr field cannon division No. 21
- Established: 1913
- Nationalities: 27% German - 72% Czech - 1% other
- Complementary District: Prague
- Garrison: Prague
- kk Landwehr field cannon division No. 22
- Established: 1913
- Nationalities: 71% German - 26% Slovenian - 3% other
- Additional district: Graz
- Garrison: Graz
- kk Landwehr field cannon division No. 26
- Established: 1913
- Nationalities: 55% German - 43% Czech - 2% other
- Complementary district: Leitmeritz
- Garrison: Theresienstadt
- kk Landwehr field cannon division No. 43
- Established: 1913
- Nationalities: 55% Ruthenians - 25% Poles - 20% others
- Complementary District: Lviv
- Garrison: Lviv
- kk Landwehr field cannon division no.44 (from 1916 merged into kk field artillery regiment no.44 )
- Established: 1913
- Nationalities: 60% German - 39% Czech - 1% other
- Complementary District: Prague
- Garrison: Linz
- kk Landwehr field cannon division No. 45
- Established: 1913
- Nationalities: 60% Ruthenians - 25% Poles - 15% others
- Complementary district: Przemysl
- Garrison: Przemysl
- kk Landwehr field cannon division No. 46
- Established: 1913
- Nationalities: 49% Poles - 27% German - 24% other
- Complementary District: Krakow
- Garrison: Olomouc
Field Howitzer Divisions
- Imperial and Royal Landwehr Field Howitzer Division No. 13
- Established: 1909
- Nationalities: 83% German - 17% other
- Supplementary district: Vienna
- Garrison: Vienna
- Imperial and Royal Landwehr Field Howitzer Division No. 21
- Established: 1909
- Nationalities: 27% German - 72% Czech - 1% other
- Complementary District: Prague
- Garrison: Prague
- Imperial and Royal Landwehr Field Howitzer Division No. 22
- Established: 1909
- Nationalities: 71% German - 26% Slovenian - 3% other
- Additional district: Graz
- Garrison: Graz
- kk Landwehr Field Howitzer Division No. 26
- Established: 1909
- Nationalities: 55% German - 43% Czech - 2% other
- Complementary district: Leitmeritz
- Garrison: Theresienstadt
- Imperial and Royal Landwehr Field Howitzer Division No. 43
- Established: 1909
- Nationalities: 55% Ruthenians - 25% Poles - 20% others
- Complementary District: Lviv
- Garrison: Lviv
- Imperial and Royal Landwehr Feldhaubitzdivision No. 44 (merged into Imperial and Royal Field Artillery Regiment No. 44 from 1916 )
- Established: 1909
- Nationalities: 60% German - 39% Czech - 1% other
- Complementary District: Prague
- Garrison: Linz
- kk field howitzer division No. 45
- Established: 1909
- Nationalities: 60% Ruthenians - 25% Poles - 15% others
- Complementary district: Przemysl
- Garrison: Przemysl
- Imperial and Royal Landwehr Field Howitzer Division No. 46
- Established: 1909
- Nationalities: 49% Poles - 27% German - 24% other
- Complementary District: Krakow
- Garrison: Olomouc
march
The "March No. 1", which Ludwig van Beethoven composed in 1808 as the "March of the Bohemian Landwehr", is known today as the Yorckscher March . As part of the Great Zapfenstreich, it is one of the most famous marches in military music today.
Museum reception
The history of the Austro-Hungarian armed forces is documented in detail in the Army History Museum in Vienna, founded by Emperor Franz Joseph I as the “ Imperial and Royal Court Weapons Museum” . Several uniforms of the kk Landwehr are on display in a separate showcase in room V ("Franz-Joseph-Saal") of the museum, a relief on the back of the showcase shows the territories from which the kk and ku landwehr were recruited.
literature
- Heinz von Lichem : Spielhahnstoss and Edelweiss - the peace and war history of the Tyrolean high mountain troop "The Kaiserschützen" from their beginnings to 1918. Leopold Stocker Verlag , Graz 1977, ISBN 3-7020-0260-X .
- Heinz von Lichem: The Tyrolean High Mountain War 1915–1918 . Steiger Verlag, Berwang (Tyrol) 1985, ISBN 3-85423-052-4 .
- Count Anton Bossi Fedregotti: Kaiserjäger - fame and end: according to the war diary of Colonel von Cordier . Stocker Verlag, Graz 1977, ISBN 3-7020-0263-4 .
- Carl Freiherr von Bardolff: Soldier in old Austria - memories from my life . Diederichs Verlag, Jena 1938.
- Peter Fichtenbauer , Christian Ortner : The history of the Austrian army from Maria Theresa to the present in essays and pictorial representations , Verlag Militaria, Vienna 2015, ISBN 978-3-902526-71-7
- Johann Christoph Allmayer-Beck , Erich Lessing : The K. (below) K. Army 1848–1914 . Bertelsmann Verlag, Munich 1974.
- Oskar Brüch , Günter Dirrheimer: Das kuk Heer 1895. (= Writings of the Heeresgeschichtliches Museum in Vienna (Military Science Institute), Volume 10), Stocker Verlag, Graz 1997, ISBN 3-7020-0783-0 .
- Stefan Rest, M Christian Ortner, Thomas Ilming: The Emperor's Rock in World War I - Uniforms and Equipment of the Austro-Hungarian Army from 1914 to 1918 . Verlag Militaria, Vienna 2002, ISBN 3-9501642-0-0 .
- Andreas Danner, Martin Prieschl, Johannes Heubel: For God, Emperor and Upper Austria - the Imperial and Royal Landwehr Infantry Regiment Linz Nro. 2. In: 50 years of rebuilding Garrison Ried - brave, steadfast and loyal. Ried im Innkreis 2008, pp. 142–144.
- Austro-Hungarian War Ministry : Dislocation and division of the Austro-Hungarian Army, the Austro-Hungarian Navy, the Imperial and Royal Landwehr and the Imperial and Royal Landwehr. In: Seidel's small army scheme. Edited by Seidel & Sohn, Vienna 1914
- Austro-Hungarian War Ministry: Adjustment regulation for the Austro-Hungarian Army, the Imperial and Royal Landwehr, the Imperial and Royal Landwehr, the affiliated institutions and the corps of military officials. Vienna 1911/1912
- Maximilian Ehnl: The Austro-Hungarian land power according to structure, structure, peace garrison , division and national composition in summer 1914 (Austria-Hungary's last war, supplement 9) Vienna 1934. [2]
- Schematism of the kk Landwehr and kk gendarmerie of the kingdoms and states represented in the Reichsrat for 1913 kk Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1913
Web links
Scheme of the National Ministry of Defense
Individual evidence
- ↑ In 1917 the term Landwehr was replaced by riflemen in the infantry "Landwehr-Infanterie-Regiment = Schützen-Regiment"
- ↑ (Reichsgesetzblatt p. 437)
- ↑ (Reichsgesetzblatt p. 315)
- ↑ (Reichsgesetzblatt p. 93)
- ↑ The state rifle regiments were numbered with Roman numerals
- ↑ "Schematism of the kk Landwehr and kk Gendarmerie" [1] (see under designation of the troop body)
- ↑ Seidel's small army scheme (dislocation and division of the Austro-Hungarian Army, the Austro-Hungarian Navy, the Imperial and Royal Landwehr and the Royal Hungarian Landwehr) No. 76 Editor LW Seidel & Sohn, Imperial and Royal Court Booksellers - Vienna August 1914 - p. 145 ff
- ↑ The word troops, as it was used by the Landwehr Infantry Troop Division and Infantry Troop Division, was dropped here
- ↑ The additional names were also abolished in 1917, but no one adhered to them, in particular the existing letterheads and stamps had to be “used up” first (according to the “Announcement of the Quartermaster Department” of Army Group Command FM. Archduke Eugen / Q.Op. No. 665/17. Issued by the field post office 512)
- ↑ Then there were the Landwehr Infantry Regiments No. 4 and No. 27
- ↑ Schematism of the kk Landwehr and the kk gendarmerie of the kingdoms and states represented in the Reichsrat for 1913 kk Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1913 p. 392
- ↑ Johann Christoph Allmayer-Beck : The Army History Museum Vienna. Hall VI - The k. (U.) K. Army from 1867 to 1914 , Vienna 1989, p. 25.
Ministerial leadership of the
Supreme Commanders of the Armed Forces of Austria-Hungary |
kuk War Ministry |
kk Ministry of National Defense |
ku Honvéd Ministry .
Armed
Forces Armed Forces of Austria-Hungary |
Land forces of Austria-Hungary 1867–1914 |
Austria-Hungary's army in the First World War .
Forces :
Joint Army |
kk Landwehr |
ku Landwehr .
Staff services:
kuk generals |
kuk staff |
kuk military justice system |
kuk adjutants |
kuk army stand .
Infantry:
kuk infantry |
Military police |
Bosnian-Herzegovinian Infantry |
kk Landesschützen |
kuk Kaiserjäger |
kk mountain troops (incl. high mountain companies
k.k. mountain guide companies ) |
kk Standschützen .
Cavalry:
Austro-Hungarian hussars |
kuk Uhlans |
kuk dragoons |
Riding Tyrolean riflemen .
Artillery:
Austro-Hungarian artillery .
Guard:
Kk satellite body guard |
kuk Leibgard Infantry Company |
Kuk bodyguard squadron |
Arcièren Life Guard |
Royal Hungarian Life Guard .
Technical troops:
Austro-Hungarian sappers |
kuk pioneers |
kuk Technical Military Committee |
Training of the Austro-Hungarian Armed Forces |
kuk military automobile industry |
kuk telegraph troop |
kuk Transport Troop Brigade .
Gendarmerie:
kuk Police Guard Corps |
kk gendarmerie |
ku Gendarmerie |
Criminal university
Authorities: Economic Administration of the Austro-Hungarian Armed Forces | Kuk Military Geography Institute | kuk war press headquarters | kuk Army Museum .
Education: Theresian Military Academy | War School | Franz Joseph Military Academy | Ludovika Academy | Military Technical Academy | Naval Academy | Army shooting school | Fencing and gymnastics teacher institute | Artillery Shooting School •
Other: March battalions | Medical services of the Austro-Hungarian Armed Forces | kuk military chaplaincy | Military Disability Benefits Level | State horse breeding institutions | Records office | kuk customer service .
Associations and bases: List of kuk combat troops in July 1914 | List of Austro-Hungarian combat support troops | List of large units of the Austro-Hungarian Army | List of corps of the Austro-Hungarian Army | Garrisons of the land forces of Austria-Hungary .
Fortifications: Austrian fortifications on the border with Italy
Naval Forces: Austro-Hungarian Marine Section | Austrian Navy | Fleet of the Austro-Hungarian Navy | List of ships of the Austro-Hungarian Navy | SM submarines | List of Austro-Hungarian submarines (1909–1919)
Air Force: Aviation Forces .
Uniforms: Badges of rank of the Austro-Hungarian armed forces | Paroli | Adjustment | Equalization
Military personnel: List of field marshals Austria-Hungary | List of General Colonels and Grand Admirals of Austria-Hungary | List of Austro-Hungarian fighter pilots in the First World War | List of field marshal lieutenants .