List of National Treasures of Japan (Archaeological Materials)

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Hole in the ground at an excavation site in Hikawa with spears and bells arranged in parallel
Spears and bells ( dōtaku ) unearthed at the Kōjindani site in Hikawa , Shimane Prefecture

Since 1897, designated “ material cultural goods ” can also be elevated to national treasures in Japan . The definition and criteria for a national treasure have changed over time. All of the archaeological materials listed here comply with the current provisions of the Cultural Property Protection Act , which has been in force since June 9, 1951. The appointment to the national treasure occurs because of the "particularly high historical or artistic value" and by the Minister of Education .

The list includes 44 archaeological finds or groups of objects from the Jōmon period to feudal Japan and thus a period of 4500 BC. Chr. To 1361 AD. The total number of the individual objects is greater than 44, since objects belonging together were combined into one entry. Most of the finds were found in graves, tumuli ( kofun ), sutra hills or during archaeological excavations . In 24 cities in Japan, 26 finds are housed in museums, nine in Buddhist temples , eight in Shinto shrines and one at a university. The Tokyo National Museum houses the largest number of national treasures, six out of 44 .

In Japanese Paleolithic , the Paleolithic, the colonization of Japan began. Since the soil in Japan is very acidic, only a few human bones have been found to date. In addition, falsifications of findings made dating in the Paleolithic more difficult. Nevertheless, it is now generally assumed that the Japanese archipelago was settled around 32,000 BC. BC began, although there are also arguments for a settlement from 50,000 BC. There. The stone tools found in this period indicate a society of hunters and gatherers . In the early Jōmon period from 14,000 to 8,000 BC. This society changes with the use of clay for storage, burial and also for ceremonial purposes. Shards of unadorned pottery found during archaeological excavations are among the world's oldest ceramic finds. As a result, pottery with grooves, furrow decorations and around 8000 BC. First corded ceramics . These corded ceramics, which gave the time period its name, reached their climax in flame style ceramics , a ceramic with spiral patterns and flame-shaped decoration. An ensemble of 57 pottery from 4500 BC. BC is therefore also declared as the oldest national treasure of Japan. In the middle of the Jōmon period, finds of dogūs , small earth figures depicting people and animals, increased significantly. The majority of these figurative statuettes, however, show emphatically female sexual characteristics, which indicates a fertility cult. Three Dogū from the period from 3000 to 1000 BC BC have also been declared as national treasures.

The subsequent Yayoi period was characterized by technological advances such as wet rice cultivation or bronze and iron casting, which was taken over from the mainland. Iron knives and axes as well as swords, spears and mirrors made of bronze were originally introduced to Japan from Korea and China. In the Yayoi period, the production of these goods began in Japan itself. Apart from the pottery of the Yayoi period, the most important artefacts of this time are weapons and ritual objects made of bronze such as swords, daggers and dōtaku bells. These bells, which do not have a clapper and whose use is still in the dark, were often found on mountain slopes together with weapons. They are between 0.2 and 1.2 m tall and decorated with curved patterns and divided into fields using sawtooth and network strips. The first Japanese depictions of humans and animals can also be found on a few copies. The weapons found, on the other hand, are flat and thin and suggest a more symbolic use. In the Yayoi period, grave mounds with rectangular, later also with round edging were common. With the beginning of the Kofun period following the Yayoi period (250 to 300 BC), keyhole-shaped barrows ( kofun ) appeared which were used for the burial of regents and which gave their name to this period. Typical grave goods were mirrors, pearls, Sue ceramics, weapons and later also horse harness. One of the best-known examples of a kofun, whose gifts have been declared a national treasure, is the Fujinoki burial mound from the late 6th century. Mirror, sword and curved jewels, which also form the throne insignia of Japan , appear in the middle Yayoi period and can be found in large numbers as grave goods in the Kofun period. Tomb figures ( haniwa ) made of clay, whose origin and purpose are still largely unknown, are characteristic of the Kofun period .

Buddhism reached Japan around the middle of the 6th century CE . After Mononobe no Moriya , who was an opponent of Buddhism, was defeated by the Soga clan in the course of the riots in Teibi ( 丁未 の 乱 ) 587 , Buddhism was able to find its way into Japan. The first Buddhist temples were built. The new religion led to profound changes in art and society. Burial rites such as cremation and the custom of adding epitaphs to graves have been adopted from China and Korea. According to the Buddhist approach, the remains of a cremation were kept in a glass container, wrapped in cloth and thus kept in another container. In particular from the second half of the 7th to the end of the 8th century (the late Asuka and Nara period ) it was a widespread custom to add epitaphs, strip-shaped rectangles made of silver and bronze, to the surrounding vessels. Four such epitaphs, mostly relating to the life of the deceased, some urns and reliquary containers, were designated as national treasures. Other national treasures of this Buddhist period are ceremonial objects that were buried in the building site of temples such as that of the main hall of the Tōdai-ji and that of the Kōfuku-ji in Nara . According to the Buddhist concept of the Three Ages , the world was to enter the decaying age in 1051, when knowledge was no longer possible; consequently, belief in Maitreya , Japanese Miroko Bosatsu, the Buddha of the future and the only Buddha still to come, spread in the late Heian period . Believers therefore buried writings and images in preparation for the Buddha's arrival and in order to gain his favor. This custom, which continued until the Kamakura period , required the transcription of sutras using a precise ritual procedure, their keeping in a protective reliquary container, and the burial of consecrated mountains, shrines or temples in the earth. The oldest known Sutra hill is that of Fujiwara no Michinaga from 1007 on Mount Kimpu. Buried in it were a Lotus Sutra and five other sutras from the year 998. The container that contained the sutras was declared a national treasure.

Key figures

Currently, all 44 national treasures in this category are located in Japan. The excavation sites of two national treasures found in China and three excavated in Japan are unknown. Therefore, only 39 national treasures are listed in the tabular overview.

Sites of the national treasures in the category "archaeological materials"
prefecture city National treasure
Repository Excavation site
Aomori Prefecture Hachinohe 1 1
Ehime prefecture Imabari 1 1
Fukuoka Prefecture Buzen 1 1
Fukuoka 1 1
Fukutsu 2 2
Itoshima 1 1
Munakata 1 1
Gunma Prefecture Ōta 1
Hokkaido Prefecture Hakodate 1 1
Hyogo Prefecture Kobe 1 1
Kagawa Prefecture unknown 1
Kumamoto Prefecture Kikusui 1
Kyoto Prefecture Kyoto 4th 3
Mie prefecture Ise 1 1
Miyazaki Prefecture Saito 1
Nagano Prefecture Chinos 1 1
Nara prefecture Haibara 1
Ikaruga 1
Kashiba 1
Kashihara 1
Nara 5 3
Sakurai 1
Tenkawa 2
Tenri 1 1
Yoshino 1
Niigata prefecture Tōkamachi 1 1
Osaka prefecture Habikino 1 1
Kashiwara 1
Osaka 2
Takatsuki 1
Saitama Prefecture Saitama 1 1
Shiga prefecture Ōtsu 1 1
Shimane Prefecture Hikawa 1
Izumo 2
Unnecessary 1
Tokyo prefecture Tachikawa 1 1
Tokyo 10
Tottori Prefecture Yurihama 1 1
epoch National treasure
Jōmon time 4th
Yayoi time 6th
Warring States Period 1
Han dynasty 1
Kofun time 11
Asuka time 2
Nara time 11
Heian period 7th
Namboku-cho 1

Legend

  • Designation : Name of the national treasure as registered in the database for national cultural assets
  • Note : basic information on the national treasure
  • Epoch : dating, d. H. The time period and year of the artifact
  • Excavation site : in order: name of the site, nearest city and name of the prefecture
  • Storage location : in the following order: the name of the temple, shrine or museum that owns the national treasure, the city in which the storage location is located and the name of the prefecture
  • Image : if available, illustration of the national treasure, otherwise the excavation site

National treasures

designation annotation epoch Excavation site Repository image
Dogū ( 土 偶 ) - terracotta figure Largest clay figure in Japan at 41.5 cm ! 8000late Jōmon period ,
2000–1000 BC Chr. 		Japan Hokkaido Hakodate ChobonainoChobonaino ( 著 保 内 野 ), Minamikayabe ( 南 茅 部 町 ) (today: Hakodate ), Kayabe Hokkaidō, Hokkaidō Prefecture Hokkaido HakodateHakodate , Hokkaidō Hollow Dogu Kakku.jpg
Dogū ( 土 偶 ) with hands together Height: 19.8 cm, width: 14.2 cm, depth: 15.2 cm, remains of red pigments suggest that the entire figure was once painted with red paint. ! 8000late Jōmon period ,
2000–1000 BC Chr. 		Aomori Hachinohe Kazahari 1Kazahari 1 ( 風 張 ), Hachinohe , Aomori Prefecture , excavated June 30, 1997 Aomori HachinoheHachinohe Museum, Hachinohe , Aomori Prefecture Terracotta figure, sitting with legs drawn up, arms on knees, hands clasped
Nishinomae Dogū ( 土 偶 ) Height: 45 cm, width: 17 cm, weight: 3.155 kg. ! 7500Middle Jōmon period , approx. 2,500 BC Excavated 1992 Yamagata Funagata NishinomaeNishinomae, Funagata , Yamagata Prefecture . Yamagata YamagataPrefectural Museum Yamagata, Yamagata , Yamagata Prefecture
Artifacts from the Inariyama Kofun , Saitama ( 武 蔵 埼 玉 稲 荷 山 古墳 出土 品 , Musashi Saitama inariyama kofun shutsudohin ) Various artifacts from a tumulus, including the Inariyama sword with an inscription made up of 115 characters, a bronze mirror ( 神 獣 鏡 , Shinjūkyō ), a magatama ( curved jewel made of jade ), two silver rings, tools, weapons and pieces of armor 0250Kofun time Japan Saitama Gyoda Inariyama KofunInariyama Kofun , Gyoda , Saitama Prefecture Saitama Museum of the Sakitama Historic SiteSakitama Historic Site Museum, Gyoda , Saitama Prefecture Various artifacts from a tumulus in Gyōda
Ceremonial and cult objects for the consecration of the building site for the Kōfuku-ji temple ( 興福寺 金堂 鎮 壇 具 , Kōfukuji kondō chindangu ) In total, there are 1400 individual pieces, which can be assigned to 30 different categories and which were buried in order to clean the building site of the Golden Hall of the Kōfuku-ji Temple and to protect it from misfortune. The finds consist of the materials of the "Seven Treasures" ( 七宝 , Shippō): gold, silver, mother-of-pearl, crystal, amber, glass and agate . The finds include: bowls, cups, spoons, a pestle , bronze mirrors, swords, knives, strings of pearls, combs, etc. 0710Tang Dynasty or Nara Period , ca.710 Japan Nara Nara KofukujiLocation: under the altar substructure in the Golden Hall , Kōfuku-ji , Nara , excavated in 1874 Tokyo Tokyo National Museum TokyoTokyo National Museum , Tokyo Ritual objects Kofukuji1.JPG
Ritual objects Kofukuji2.JPG
Hosokawa mirror ( 金銀 錯 狩 猟 文 鏡 , Kinginsaku shuryō monkyō ) Bronze mirror with inlaid gold and silver, showing hunting scenes, diameter: 17.5 cm ! 9600Warring States Period , 3rd to 4th centuries BC Chr. China Henan LuoyangGrave near Luoyang , Henan , China Tokyo Tokyo Eisei Bunko Museum Eisei Bunko Museum, Tokyo
Bronze bowl ( 金 彩 鳥 獣 雲 文 銅盤 , Kinsai chōjūunmon dōban ) Bronze bowl ( similar to a lavabo ) with tiger and dragon patterns, diameter: 36.5 cm 0000Early to late Han dynasty , around the turn of the century ChinaChina Tokyo Tokyo Eisei Bunko MuseumEisei Bunko Museum, Tokyo
Gold-bronze urn for Ina no Ōmura ( 金銅 威奈 大村 骨 蔵 器 , Kondō Ina no Ōmura kotsuzōki ) Gold-bronze urn for the ashes of Ina no Ōmura, a descendant of Senka- tennō. The lid of the urn bears a 319 character inscription with the date November 21, 707 and describes the career, death and burial of Ōmura. Height: 24.2 cm, diameter: 23.6 cm 0707Asuka period , 707 Japan Nara KashibaKashiba , Nara Prefecture Osaka Osaka ShitennojiShitennō-ji , Osaka
Openwork saddle fittings made of gold and bronze ( 金銅 透彫 鞍 金 具 , Kondō sukashibori kura kanagu ) Two gold and bronze saddle fittings, dimensions: 43 cm (Vordererzwiesel), 52.5 cm (Hinterzwiesel) 0400Kofun period , 5th century Japan Osaka Habikino Furuichi tomb complexOjin Mausoleum ( hill grave of Ojin -tennō) in Habikino , Minamikawachi , Osaka Prefecture Osaka Habikino Konda HachimanguKonda-Hachimangu, Habikino , Osaka Prefecture Hou0031.jpg
Dōtaku with network stripes ( 袈裟 襷 文 銅 鐸 , Kesadasukimon dōtaku ) Bronze bell with ribbons in a sawtooth, spiral and herringbone pattern, the network-like ribbons form six fields that are reminiscent of a kesa (clothing of Buddhist monks). Fields decorated with human and animal motifs. Height: 43.0 cm ! 9900Yayoi period , 2nd to 1st century BC Chr. Japan Kagawaprobably Sanuki Province ( Kagawa Prefecture ), excavated in the Edo period Tokyo Tokyo National Museum TokyoTokyo National Museum , Tokyo Bell (dotaku) with ribbons.
Haniwa statue with armor ( 埴 輪 武装 男子 立 像 , Haniwa busō danshi ritsuzō ) Terracotta haniwa, grave figure of an armored man with sword, bow and quiver, height: 131.5 cm 0500late Kofun period , 6th century Japan Gunma Otaformerly Kuai ( 九 合 村 , Kuaimura), today: Ōta , Nitta-gun, Gunma Prefecture Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo National MuseumTokyo National Museum , Tokyo Grave figure of an armored man.
Mirror of the Suda Hachiman Shrine ( 人物画 象 鏡 , Jinbutsuga zōkyō ) Bronze mirror with human figures and an inscription comprising 48 characters on the back, diameter: 19.8 cm 0443Kofun period , 443 or 503 Japan JapanJapan, exact location and date of discovery unknown Tokyo Tokyo National Museum TokyoTokyo National Museum , Tokyo , owned by the Suda-Hachiman Shrine , Hashimoto Wakayama Prefecture round object with Chinese inscription on the edge and figurative ornamentation in the center of the mirror.
Stone pillar ( 石 幢 , sekidō ) Hexagonal stone column made of mica slate with relief of the "Four Kings of Heaven" ( Shitennō ) and guardians (Nio), the column consists of six stone slabs with a thickness of 10 cm and a conical head piece, height: 166 cm, width: 42 cm 1361-07Nanboku-chō , July 1361 Tokyo Tachikawa Fusaijiuntil the Meiji period , the column was in a cemetery behind the Fusai-ji; it was moved to its present location in 1889. Tokyo Tachikawa FusaijiFusai-ji ( 普 済 寺 ), Tachikawa , Tokyo
Vessels excavated at Miyajidake Shrine, Chikuzen Province ( 筑 前 国 宮 地獄 神社 境内 出土 骨 蔵 器 , Chikuzen no kuni miyajidake jinjakeidai shutsudo kotsuzōki ) Clay vessel, copper vessel (19.5 cm) and glass vessel (11.2 cm), used as urns 0710Nara time Japan Fukuoka Fukutsu Miyajidake Kofunnear Miyajidake Kofun ( 宮 地 嶽 古墳 ), Fukutsu , Fukuoka Prefecture , excavated in 1938 Fukuoka Fukutsu Miyajidake ShrineMiyajidake Shrine , Fukutsu , Fukuoka Prefecture
Copper epitaph of Funashi Ōgo ( 銅製 船 氏 王後 墓誌 , Dōsei funashi ōgo no boshi ) Kuper epitaph of Funashi Ōgo ( 船 氏 王後 ), who died in 641 and was reburied with his wife in 668. The epitaph bears a total of 162 characters on both sides of the inscription, which reports on one side of Ōgo's place of birth and career and on the other side of his death and the details of the burial. It is the oldest surviving epitaph in Japan. Dimensions: 29.7 × 6.8 cm. 0668Asuka Period , 668 Japan Osaka Kashiwara ShokozanShōkōzan ( 松岡 山 ), Kashiwara , Osaka Prefecture Tokyo Tokyo Mitsui Memorial MuseumMitsui Memorial Museum, Tokyo Collection pi 003.jpg
Bronze bridle from Saitobaru Kofun in Hyūga Province ( 日 向 国 西 都 原 古墳 出土 金銅 馬 具 類 , Hyūga no kuni saitobaru kofun shutsudo kondōbagurui ) Horse jewelry decorated with perforations, bronze horse harness 0500Kofun period , 6th century Japan Miyazaki Saito Saitobaruexcavated from Saitobaru Tumulus, Saito , Miyazaki Prefecture Tokyo Tokyo Gotoh MuseumGotō Museum , Tokyo Narrow spar.
Artifacts from the Eta Funayama Kofun in the province of Higo ( 肥 後 江 田 船山 古墳 出土 品 , Higo eta funayama kofun shutsudohin ) Swords (one, the Eta Funayama sword, with a silver inscription), armor, weapons, a bronze headdress and pair of bronze shoes, gold earrings, precious stones, six bronze mirrors, horse ornaments, and utensils made of clay found in a stone burial chamber 0500Kofun period , late 5th to early 6th century Japan Kumamoto Kikusui Eta FunayamaEta Funayama Kofun ( 江 田 船山 古墳 ), Kikusui , Tamana , Kumamoto Prefecture , excavated 1873. Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo National MuseumTokyo National Museum , Tokyo Detail of a metal object into which the image of a horse-drawn chariot is driven.
Artifacts from the tomb of Fumi no Nemaro ( 文 祢 麻 呂 墓 出土 品 , Fumi no Nemarobo shutsudohin ) Bronze epitaph (26.2 cm long) and a box (4.8 cm high), storage container made of bronze (26.7 cm high), urn made of green glass (17.8 cm high) 0707Nara period , 707 Japan Nara Haibara YatakiYataki ( 八 滝 ), Haibara , Nara Prefecture Tokyo Tokyo National Museum TokyoTokyo National Museum , Tokyo C0031983.jpg
Flame-style ceramics from the Sasayama archaeological site in Niigata Prefecture ( 新潟 県 笹 山 遺跡 出土 深 鉢 形 土 器 , Niigata-ken sasayama iseki shutsudo fukabachigata doki ) 57 Flame style vessels, probably the world's oldest pottery ! 5500Jōmon period , approx. 4,500 B.C. Chr. Japan Niigata Tokamachi SasayamaSasayama ( 笹 山 ), Tōkamachi , Niigata Prefecture Niigata Tokamachi Museum TokamachiTōkamachi Museum , Tōkamachi , Niigata Prefecture Container with flame-shaped decoration on the edge.
Jōmon Venus earth figure ( dogū ) Statuette of a woman with wide hips, elephant feet, a narrow waist and wearing a headdress; Height: 27 cm, weight: 2.14 kg ! 7000middle Jōmon period , 3,000–2,000 BC Chr. Japan Nagano Chino Yonezawa TanabatakeTanabatake site ( 棚 畑 ), Yonezawa, Chino , Nagano Prefecture Nagano Chino Togariishi Jomon Museum ArcheologyJōmon Museum of Togariishi Archeology ( 尖石 縄 文 考古 館 , Togariishi Jōmon Kōkukan ), Chino , Nagano Prefecture Jōmon-Venus
Artifacts from Sutra Hill in Kyōgamine on Mount Asama, Ise Province ( 伊 勢 国 朝 熊 山 経 ケ 峯 経 塚 出 土 品 , Ise no kuni Asama-yama kyōgamine kyōzuka shutsudohin ) Two mirrors with an incised Amitabha triad, remains of a bronze mirror, a decanter made of bronze, an earthen container, two containers for sutras made of bronze, a lotus sutra 1159Heian Period , 1159–1173 Japan Mie Ise AsamayamaKyōgamine ( 経 ケ 峯 ), Asama , Ise , Mie Prefecture Mie Ise KongoshojiKongōshō-ji , Ise , Mie Prefecture
Ensemble of relics from the pagoda of the Sōfuku-ji temple ( 崇福 寺塔 心 礎 納 置 品 , Sūfukujitō shinsonōchihin ) The reliquary ensemble includes a vase (height: 3 cm, opening: 1.7 cm) with a gold lid, inside a bronze box (10.6 × 7.9 cm), in turn a silver box (7.9 × 5.8 cm), inside again a golden box (6 × 4.2 cm) with bone fragments. Furthermore, the following were unearthed: 11 silver coins ( 無 文 銀 銭 , Mumon Ginsen ) (diameter approx. 3 cm), three green glass beads (diameter 0.6 to 0.7 cm), two amethyst beads (diameter 0.5 cm and 0 , 7 cm), 11 transparent green glass beads (diameter 0.2 cm), golden leaves and grains, metal fittings, fragment of a bell, wood splinters 0710Nara time Japan Shiga Otsu Sofukujipagoda of Sōfuku-ji , Ōtsu , Shiga Prefecture Shiga Otsu OmijinguŌmi Shrine , Ōtsu , Shiga Prefecture Reliquary box Sufukuji.JPG
Finds from a sutra hill at the Kurama Temple ( 鞍馬 寺 経 塚 遺物 , Kurama-dera kyōzuka ibutsu ) More than 200 finds from a sutra mound, including u. a .: a two-story ornamental pagoda ( 宝塔 , hōtō ) made of stone, sutra container made of bronze, remains of a votive tablet ( 懸 仏 , kakebotoke ) with the image of Buddha, three mirrors, remains of a bronze mirror, a pestle, a water jug ​​made of bronze, a porcelain box, two ink stones and copper coins 1120Heian period to Kamakura period , 1120–1260 Japan Kyoto Kyoto KuramaderaSutra hill behind the main hall (Kondō) of the Kurama Temple ( 鞍馬 寺 ), Kyōto ; Excavated in 1878. Kyoto Kyoto KuramaderaKurama-dera ( 鞍馬 寺 ), Kyōto
Bronze epitaph for Ono no Emishi ( 金銅 小野 毛 人 墓誌 , Kondō Ono no Emishi boshi ) Bronze epitaph for Ono no Emishi (58.9 cm × 5.8 cm × 0.4 cm) with an inscription on both sides: Ono no Emishi was the son of Ono no Imoko and a government official under Tennō Temmu . He died in 677. This plaque was made shortly after his death. 0710Nara period , first half of the 8th century Japan Kyoto Kyoto KamitakanoGrave in Kamitakano ( 上 高 野 ), Sakyō-ku , Kyōto . Discovered in 1613, remained in the grave until it was removed for safekeeping in 1914. Kyoto Kyoto Sudo ShrineSudō Shrine ( 崇 道 神社 , Sudō-jinja ), Kyōto Ono no Emishi epitaph front.jpg Ono no Emishi epitaph back.jpg
A bronze sutra container by Fujiwara no Michinaga ( 金銅 藤原 道 長 経 筒 , Kondō Fujiwara Michinaga kyōzutsu ) Cylindrical bronze sutra container by Fujiwara no Michinaga , which he buried in a sutra mound during a pilgrimage to Mount Kimpu in Tenkawa , Nara prefecture ; Height: 36 cm, diameter: 16.1 cm, thickness: 0.3 cm 1007-08-11Heian period , August 11, 1007 Japan Nara Tenkawa Yoshino-yama KimpuMount Kimpu ( 金 峯山 , Kimpu-sen ), Tenkawa , Nara Prefecture ; excavated in 1671. Kyoto Kyoto National Kyoto MuseumKyōto National Museum , Kyōto ; owned by Kimpu Shrine , Yoshino , Nara Prefecture
Artifacts from the Nishinoyama Yamashina Kofun ( 山 科西 野山 古墳 出土 品 , Yamashina nishinoyama kofun shutsudohin ) Grave goods of a person in high position, including a sword, knife, arrowheads, nails 0250Kofun time Japan Kyoto Kyoto Yamashina NishinoyamaNishinoyama ( 西 野山 ), Yamashina-ku , Kyōto Kyoto Kyoto Kyoto UniversityKyōto University , Kyōto
Artifacts from the Kimpusen Sutra Hill ( 大 和 国 金 峯山 経 塚 出土 品 , Yamato no kuni kinpusen kyōzuka shutsudohin ) A bronze sutra container adorned with gold and silver decorated with birds Hosoge flowers, two sutra containers made of bronze buried by Fujiwara no Michinaga during a pilgrimage on Mount Kimpu 1007Heian period , 1007 Japan Nara Tenkawa Mount KimpuMount Kimpu ( 金 峯山 , Kimpu-sen ), Tenkawa , Nara Prefecture Nara Yoshino KinpusenjiKinpusen-ji , Yoshino , Nara Prefecture
Bronze epitaph of Ishikawa no Toshitari ( 金銅 石川 年 足 墓誌 , Kondō Ishikawa no Toshitari boshi ) Bronze epitaph by Toshitari Ishikawa (29.6 cm × 10.3 cm × 0.3 cm) with an inscription of 130 characters in six lines, gold plating 0762-12-28Nara time , December 28, 762 Japan Osaka Takatsuki TsukimiTsukimi ( 月 見 町 , Tsukimi-chō ), Takatsuki , Osaka Prefecture Osaka Osaka Museum HistoryOsaka History Museum, Osaka , privately owned Ishikawa no Toshitari epitaph.jpg
Artifacts from the Fund space Sakuraga: bells with crossed belts ( 袈裟襷文銅鐸 , Kesadasukimon dōtaku ), bell ( 銅鐸 , dōtaku ), bells decorated with a representation of flowing water ( 流水文銅鐸 , Ryūsuimon dōtaku ), Bronze Faustbeil ( 銅戈 , DoKa ) Ten dōtaku with crossed ribbons, three bells decorated with a representation of flowing water and seven bronze hand axes ! 9600Yayoi time Japan Hyogo Kobe Nadaku SakuragaokaSakuragaoka-chō, Nada-ku , Kobe , Hyōgo Prefecture ; excavated December 1964 Hyogo Kobe Museum KobeKobe Museum, Kobe , Hyogo Prefecture
Ritual objects for the consecration of the main hall of Kōfuku-ji ( 興福寺 金堂 鎮 壇 具 , Kōfukuji kondō chindangu ) Two small silver bowls, seven small silver beakers, five glass beads from a rosary, six other glass beads 0710Nara period , 710 Japan Nara Nara Kofukujiin the foundation of the altar of the main hall of the Kofuku-ji , Nara . excavated in 1884 Nara Nara KofukujiKofuku-ji , Nara , Nara Prefecture
The " seven-armed sword " ( 七 支 刀 , Nanatsusaya-no-tachi ) A 74.9 cm long iron sword with six branch-shaped forks, three on each side of the blade and with an inscription; probably made in Korea 0369Kofun Period , 369 Japan Nara Tenri Isonokami Shrinesince ancient times in Isonokami-jingū , Tenri , Nara prefecture Nara Tenri Isonokami ShrineIsonokami Shrine , Tenri , Nara Prefecture Iron sword with six branch-shaped forks.
Cup-shaped end piece of a three-story pagoda of the Ōbara temple ( 大 和 国 粟 原 寺 三重 塔 伏 鉢 , Yamato no kuni ōbaradera sanjū no tō fukubachi ) Copper end piece of a pagoda with inscription, diameter: 49 cm (top), 76.4 cm (at the base), height: 35.2 cm 0715Nara period , 715 Japan Nara Sakurai Obaraderaoriginally in the temple Ōbara-dera ( 粟 原 寺 ), Sakurai , Nara prefecture Nara Nara National Museum NaraNara National Museum , Nara , owned by Tanzan Shrine , Sakurai , Nara Prefecture
Ritual objects for the consecration of the main hall of the Tōdai-ji ( 東大寺 金堂 鎭 壇 具 , Tōdaiji kondō chindangu ) Small silver bowl with a hunting motif, swords, armor, a mirror, parts of a lacquer box, a glass box, amber beads, glass beads 0750Nara period , ca.750 Japan Nara Nara Main Hall TodaijiMain Hall of Tōdai-ji , Nara , Nara Prefecture Nara Nara TodaijiTōdai-ji , Nara , Nara Prefecture Silver small jar Todaiji.JPG
Artifacts from the archaeological site at Fujinoki-Kofun in Nara ( 奈良 県 藤 ノ 木 古墳 出土 品 , Nara-ken fujinoki kofun shutsudohin ) Various finds from a largely Chinese-looking grave from the 6th century, including a bronze saddle with elephants and phoenix motifs, four bronze mirrors, pottery and Sue ceramics , objects made of glass and metal 0550Kofun period , last half of the 6th century Japan Nara Ikaruga Fujinoki KofunFujinoki Kofun , Ikaruga , Nara Prefecture ; excavated in 1985 Nara Kashihara Museum Kashihara Archaeological InstituteNara Prefecture Archaeological Research Institute in Kashihara , Kashihara , Nara Prefecture
Stone with the Buddha's footprint ( 仏 足 石 , Bussoku seki ) Buddha's footprint on a stone with engraved circles; Buddha's oldest footprint in Japan 0753-07-27Nara time , July 27, 753 Japan, exact location unknown Nara Nara YakushijiYakushi-ji , Nara , Nara Prefecture Buddha footprint Stone Yakushiji.jpg
A board with verses ( 仏 足跡 歌 碑 , Bussoku seki kahi ) or Yakushi-ji poems Tablet with 21 verses in Tanka style praising the stone with the Buddha's footprint, written in Man'yōgana 0750Nara period , ca.750 Japan, exact location unknown Nara Nara YakushijiYakushi-ji , Nara , Nara Prefecture Lined up inscription with Chinese characters.
Artifacts from the Shitori Sutra Hill ( 伯 耆 一 宮 経 塚 出土 品 , Hōki no ichinomiya kyōzuka shutsudohin ) Various objects from a sutra hill, including a statue of Bodhisattva Kannon , a statuette of the thousand-armed goddess of mercy ( 千手 観 音 ), a copper plaque with an engraved Maitreya Bodhisattva, two bronze mirrors, a sutra container made of bronze, parts of a fan ( 檜 扇 , hiōgi ), remains of a short sword and a knife, glass beads, two copper coins and remains of lacquerware. 1103Heian period , 1103 Japan Tottori Yurihama Shitori ShrineShitori Shrine , Yurihama , Tottori Prefecture Tottori Yurihama Shitori ShrineShitori Shrine, Yurihama, Tottori Prefecture
Bronze bells from the Kamo-Iwakura site ( 島 根 県 加 茂 岩 倉 遺跡 出土 銅 鐸 , Shimane-ken Kamo Iwakura iseki shutsudo dōtaku ) 39 bells ( dōtaku ); largest number of dōtaku unearthed at an excavation site in Japan ! 9600middle yayoi period Japan Shimane Unnan Kamo Iwakura siteKamo Iwakura site ( 加 茂 岩 倉 遺跡 , Kamo Iwakura iseki ), Unnan , Shimane Prefecture , found in 1996. Shimane Izumo Shimane Museum of Ancient IzumoShimane Museum of Ancient Izumo, Izumo , Shimane Prefecture Scattered bronze bells.
Bronze devices from the Kojindani site ( 島 根 県 荒 神 谷 遺跡 出土 品 , Shimane-ken kōjindani iseki shutsudohin ) 358 bronze swords with lengths of 50 to 53 cm (more swords than swords were found in all other archaeological sites in Japan combined), 16 bronze spears ( 銅 矛 , hoko ), six bells ( dōtaku ). ! 9600Yayoi time Japan Shimane Hikawa Kojindani SiteKōjindani ( 荒 神 谷 遺跡 , Kōjindani iseki ), Hikawa , Shimane Prefecture , excavated from 1984 to 1985. Shimane Izumo Shimane Museum of Ancient IzumoShimane Museum of Ancient Izumo, Shimane Izumo , Shimane Prefecture
Artifacts from the Narabara Sutra Hill ( 伊 予 国 奈良 原 山 経 塚 出土 品 , Iyo no kuni narabarasan kyōzuka shutsudohin ) Artifacts from the Narabara sutra hill, including a sutra container in the shape of a pagoda (height: 71.5 cm, diameter: 17.3 cm), a sutra container made of bronze, five bronze mirrors, two compartments ( 檜 扇 , hiōgi ), two Porcelain boxes, a bronze hairpin, a small knife, five bronze bells, one iron, a temple gong, copper coins, remains of a pot and an earthen soup bowl 1100Heian period , 12th century Japan Ehime Imabari Mount NarabaraMount Narabara ( 奈良 原 山, 楢 原 山 , Tamagawa kindai bijutsukan ), Imabari , Ehime Prefecture Ehime Imabari Tamagawa Museum of Modern ArtTamagawa Museum of Modern Art, Imabari , Ehime Prefecture , owned by Narabara Shrine ( 奈良 原 神社 , Narabara jinja )
Artifacts from the Miyajidake Kofun ( 宮 地 嶽 古墳 出土 品 , Miyajidake kofun shutsudohin ) A group of artifacts from a 6th century tumulus including horse jewelry, a crown, the remains of two long swords, bronze mirrors, a gold ring, bronze chains and vessels 0500Kofun period , 6th century Japan Fukuoka Fukutsu Miyajidake KofunMiyajidake Kofun ( 宮 地 嶽 古墳 ) Fukutsu , Fukuoka Prefecture Fukuoka Fukutsu Miyajidake ShrinesMiyajidake Shrine , Fukutsu , Fukuoka Prefecture
Gold seal ( 金 印 , kinin ) of the king of Na Gold seal of the king of Na , kuni (state) of the Wa Confederation; the seal was given to the "king of the land of Na of Wa of Han " ( 漢 委 奴 國王 , Kan no Wa no Na no koku-ō ); square with an edge length of 2.3 cm and a weight of 109 g; according to the book of the later Han granted by Emperor Guangwu von Han 57 BC. Chr. 0000Yayoi period , 1st century Japan Fukuoka Fukuoka Shikanoshimafound on April 12, 1784 by a farmer on Shika-no-shima ( 志 賀 島 ), Fukuoka , Fukuoka Prefecture . Fukuoka Fukuoka Museum FukuokaFukuoka Museum ( 福岡 市 博物館 , Fukuoka-shi hakubutsukan ), Fukuoka , Fukuoka Prefecture . Square gold seal
Imprint of the gold seal with red ink.
Square gold seal
Copper tablets with sutras ( 銅板 法 華 経 , Dōban hokekyō ) and containers made of copper ( 銅 筥 , Dōbako ) 33 copper tablets (21.2 cm × 18.2 cm × 0.3 cm) with engraved sutras and a copper container (height: 22.5 cm, 21.4 cm × 18.3 cm) engraved with images of Buddha on all four Sides and corners covered with gold 1142Heian period , September 24, 1142 (tablets) and October 21, 1142 (container) according to the inscription Japan Fukuoka Buzen KubotesanMount Kubote, Buzen , Fukuoka Prefecture Fukuoka Buzen Historical Museum KuboteKubote Historical Museum ( 求 菩提 資料 館 , Kubote shiryōkan ), Buzen , Fukuoka Prefecture
Artifacts from the Okitsumiya Shrine of the Munakata Grand Shrine ( 福岡 県 宗 像 大 社 沖 津 宮 祭祀 遺 跡 出土 品 , Fukuoka-ken munakata-taisha okitsumiya saishi iseki shutsudohin ) and 伝 福岡 品 宗 祀 大 出土 祭 沖 津 大 沖 沖 The huge number of artifacts also includes a gold-plated loom ( 金銅 高 機 , kinsei takabata ), bronze mirrors, bracelets, pearls, a Haji pottery vessel , a Sue pottery vessel stand , a bronze censer, magatama drop-shaped jewels , gold rings, a bronze miniature of a five-string zither etc. 0250Kofun Period - Heian Period ; the golden loom was made in the Asuka period , 6th to 7th centuries; the bronze loom, a pot, a vessel stand and a miniature zither come from the Nara period , 8th century. Japan Fukuoka Munakata OkinoshimaOkinoshima , Munakata , Fukuoka Prefecture Fukuoka Munakata Munakata TaishaMunakata Grand Shrine, Munakata , Fukuoka Prefecture
Artifacts from the rectangular burial area of ​​the Hirabaru tomb complex ( 福岡 県 平原 方形 周 溝 墓 出土 品 , Fukuoka-ken Hirabaru hōkei shūkōbo shutsudohin ) 40 bronze mirrors, an iron sword with a ring-shaped pommel, approx. 1500 pearls of different shapes and colors. In addition, the largest bronze mirrors found to date with a diameter of up to 46.5 cm. ! 9600Yayoi period - Kofun period Japan Fukuoka Maebaru HirabaruHirabaru site ( 平原 遺跡 , Hirabaru iseki ), Maebaru , Fukuoka Prefecture ; excavated in 1965 Fukuoka Itoshima Itokoku Historical MuseumItokoku Historical Museum , Itoshima , Fukuoka Prefecture Hirabaru site, tomb No. 1

See also

literature

  • Mikael S. Adolphson, Edward Kamens, Stacie Matsumoto: Heian Japan, centers and peripheries . Ed .: University of Hawaii Press. 2007, ISBN 0-8248-3013-X ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
  • Asoke Kumar Bhattacharyya: Early and Buddhist stone sculpture of Japan . Ed .: Abhinav Publications. 2004, ISBN 81-7017-422-8 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
  • Aedeen Cremin: Archaeologica: The World's Most Significant Sites and Cultural Treasures . Ed .: frances lincoln ltd. 2007, ISBN 0-7112-2822-1 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  • William Wayne Farris: Sacred texts and buried treasures: issues in the historical archeology of ancient Japan . Ed .: University of Hawaii Press. 1998, ISBN 0-8248-2030-4 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
  • Louis Frédéric: Japan encyclopedia . Ed .: Harvard University Press. 2005, ISBN 0-674-01753-6 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
  • Junko Habu: Ancient Jomon of Japan . Case studies in early societies. Ed .: Cambridge University Press. tape 4 , 2004, ISBN 0-521-77670-8 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
  • Barbara Ann Kipfer: Encyclopedic dictionary of archeology . Ed .: Springer. 2000, ISBN 0-306-46158-7 ( limited preview in Google Book Search - Illustrated).
  • Fred S. Kleiner: Gardner's Art Through the Ages: A Global History . Ed .: Cengage Learning. 2008, ISBN 0-495-09307-6 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
  • Peter Francis Kornicki: The book in Japan: a cultural history from the beginnings to the nineteenth century . Handbook of Oriental Studies. Fifth Division, Japan, 7th Ed .: BRILL. 1998, ISBN 90-04-10195-0 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
  • Kōji Mizoguchi: An archaeological history of Japan: 30,000 BC to AD 700 . Ed .: University of Pennsylvania Press. 2002, ISBN 0-8122-3651-3 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
  • RHP Mason, JG Caiger: A history of Japan . Ed .: Tuttle Publishing. 1997, ISBN 0-8048-2097-X ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
  • Kyōtarō Nishikawa, Emily J. Sano: The great age of Japanese Buddhist sculpture, AD 600-1300 . Ed .: Kimbell Art Museum. 1983, ISBN 0-912804-07-6 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
  • Seiroku Noma: The Arts of Japan: Ancient and medieval . Ed .: Kodansha International (=  The Arts of Japan . Volume 1 ). 2003, ISBN 4-7700-2977-2 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
  • George Sansom: A History of Japan to 1334 . A History of Japan, Sir George Bailey Sansom, Stanford studies in the civilizations of eastern Asia. Ed .: Stanford University Press. tape 1 , 1958, ISBN 0-8047-0523-2 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
  • Donald H. Shiveley, William H. McCullough, John Whitney Hall: The Cambridge history of Japan: Ancient Japan . Ed .: Cambridge University Press. tape 1 , 1993, ISBN 0-521-22352-0 ( limited preview in Google book search).

Web links

Commons : National Treasures: Archaeological Materials  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Cultural Properties for Future Generations. (PDF; 1.1 MB) Office for Cultural Affairs , March 2011, archived from the original on August 13, 2011 ; Retrieved February 1, 2012 .
  2. ↑ a b c 国 指定 文化 財 デ ー タ ベ ー ス (Database of National Cultural Assets). Office for Cultural Affairs, November 1, 2008, accessed November 30, 2012 (Japanese).
  3. ↑ a b Aedeen Cremin: Archaeologica - The World's Most Significant Sites and Cultural Treasures , 2007, p 264
  4. ↑ a b Charles T. Keally: Japanese Palaeolithic Period. In: Japanese Archeology. Charles T. Keally, October 13, 2009; Retrieved March 19, 2010 .
  5. ^ Kōji Mizoguchi: An archaeological history of Japan: 30,000 BC to AD 700 , 2002, p. 56
  6. ^ RHP Mason, JG Caiger: A history of Japan , 1997, p. 20
  7. ^ Incipient Jomon. Niigata Prefectural Museum of History, October 13, 2009, archived from the original on August 17, 2002 ; Retrieved March 19, 2010 (English).
  8. ↑ Middle Jomon. Niigata Prefectural Museum of History, October 13, 2009, archived from the original on May 25, 2009 ; Retrieved March 19, 2010 .
  9. ^ Declan Murphy: Yayoi Culture. Yamasa Institute, accessed March 19, 2010 .
  10. ↑ a b Charles T. Keally: Yayoi Culture. In: Japanese Archeology. Charles T. Keally, June 3, 2006, accessed March 19, 2010 .
  11. ↑ a b c d e Charles T. Keally: Kofun Culture. In: Japanese Archeology. Charles T. Keally, April 27, 2009, accessed March 19, 2010 .
  12. ↑ a b Objects from the Grave of Fumi no Nemaro. In: Emuseum. Tokyo National Museum , 2004, accessed September 2, 2013 .
  13. ↑ Yasuhito Kakiya: Tomb Inscriptions. Asuka Historical Museum , 1995, accessed September 8, 2013 .
  14. ↑ a b 中 金堂 鎮 壇 具 . Kofuku, accessed May 13, 2009 .
  15. ↑ 教育 ほ っ か い ど う 第 374 号 - 活動 レ ポ ー ト - 国宝 「土 偶」 に つ い て . Hokkaido Prefecture , archived from the original on May 5, 2008 ; Retrieved May 13, 2012 (Japanese).
  16. ↑ 合掌 土 偶 に つ い て (Dogū with palms together). Hachinohe City, accessed September 10, 2013 (Japanese).
  17. ↑ 文化 審議 会 答 申 (Report from the culture commission). (PDF) Office for Cultural Affairs, April 24, 2012, archived from the original on August 13, 2012 ; Retrieved August 13, 2012 (Japanese).
  18. ↑ 祝 ・ 国宝 (Congratulations, National Treasure). Yamagata Prefecture Museum, archived from the original on August 13, 2012 ; Retrieved August 13, 2012 (Japanese).
  19. ↑ 武 蔵 埼 玉 稲 荷 山 古墳 出土 品 . In: Cultural Heritage url. Office for Cultural Affairs , archived from the original on February 9, 2015 ; Retrieved May 15, 2012 (Japanese).
  20. ^ Ritual objects used in consecration of building site of Golden Hall, Kofuku-ji. Tokyo National Museum , accessed May 15, 2012 .
  21. ^ Votive Objects Buried at Kofuku-ji Golden Hall. In: Emuseum. Tokyo National Museum, 2004, archived from the original on June 13, 2007 ; Retrieved May 15, 2012 .
  22. ↑ Collection. Eisei Bunko Museum, accessed May 13, 2012 (Japanese).
  23. ↑ News from the Waseda Neighborhood: Eisei Bunko Museum. In: Waseda Weekly. Waseda University , November 4, 2004, accessed May 13, 2012 .
  24. ↑ a b 秋季 展 . Eisei Bunko Museum, accessed May 13, 2012 (Japanese).
  25. ↑ gilt bronze Cinerary Container of Ina-no-Omura. Kyoto National Museum , archived from the original on February 18, 2013 ; accessed on May 14, 2012 .
  26. ↑ 威奈 大村 . In: デ ジ タ ル 版 日本人 名 大 辞典 + Plus /kotobank.jp. Retrieved January 20, 2009, May 15, 2012 (Japanese, online version by Nihon Jinmei Daijiten . Kodansha).
  27. ↑ 金銅 透彫 鞍 金 具 . Konda-Hachimangu, accessed September 10, 2013 (Japanese).
  28. ↑ Ritual Bell with Crossed Band Design. In: Emuseum. Tokyo National Museum , 2004, accessed August 20, 2013 .
  29. ↑ Haniwa Armored Man. In: Emuseum. Tokyo National Museum , 2004, accessed August 10, 2013 .
  30. ↑ a b c d e Yomiuri Shimbun (ed.): National Treasures of Japan - Exhibition catalog, April 10 - May 27, 1990, Tokyo National Museum . 1990.
  31. ↑ Christopher Seeley: A history of writing in Japan . Ed .: Brill. 1991, ISBN 978-90-04-09081-1 , pp. 17-19 ( limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed May 14, 2009]).
  32. ↑ 普 済 寺 . Tachikawa Tourist Office, archived from the original on December 8, 2007 ; Retrieved May 14, 2009 .
  33. ↑ a b ( 宝物 ). Schrin Miyajidake, archived from the original on February 9, 2011 ; Retrieved September 10, 2013 (Japanese).
  34. ↑ Cultural Assets. Fukutsu City, archived from the original on January 23, 2015 ; Retrieved September 9, 2013 (Japanese).
  35. ↑ Collection. Mitsui Memorial Museum, 2009, accessed September 1, 2013 (Japanese).
  36. ^ The Gotoh Museum (Ed.): The Gotoh Museum Guide . May 2007.
  37. ↑ 金銅 馬 具 類 . Archived from the original on July 13, 2010 ; Retrieved May 13, 2013 (Japanese).
  38. ^ Objects from the Eta Funayama Tumulus. In: Emuseum. Tokyo National Museum , 2004, accessed April 25, 2010 .
  39. ^ Objects of Tomb of Fumi no Nemaro. In: Tokyo National Museum. Retrieved September 1, 2013 .
  40. ↑ 定例 記者 会見 に お け る 市長 発 表 要旨 . Tōkamachi City, archived from the original on January 6, 2014 ; Retrieved September 12, 2013 (Japanese).
  41. ↑ 尖石 縄 文 考古 館 ト ッ プ ペ ー ジ . City of Chino, archived from the original on August 16, 2013 ; Retrieved September 10, 2013 (Japanese).
  42. ↑ a b Shinto Gods and Buddhist Deities: Syncretic Faith in Japanese Art. In: National Museum Nara. 2007, archived from the original on July 19, 2011 ; Retrieved May 14, 2009 .
  43. ↑ 崇福 寺塔 心 礎 納 置 品 . Otsu City Museum of History, archived from the original on July 22, 2011 ; Retrieved May 14, 2009 (Japanese).
  44. ↑ 崇福 寺塔 心 礎 納 置 品 . Museum Miho, archived from the original on July 17, 2011 ; Retrieved May 14, 2009 (Japanese).
  45. ^ Special Exhibition - The Legacy of Fujiwara no Michinaga: Courtly Splendor and Pure Land Faith. Kyōto National Museum, archived from the original on November 29, 2007 ; Retrieved May 15, 2009 .
  46. ↑ Kurama-dera. kokuhoworld, 2002, accessed May 15, 2009 .
  47. ↑ Applies to the Bronze Memorial Tablet of Ono-no-Emishi. Kyoto National Museum , accessed May 15, 2009 .
  48. ^ The birth of Nation as sought by Emperor Tenmu. National Research Institute for Cultural Goods Nara , archived from the original on November 5, 2009 ; Retrieved May 15, 2009 (Japanese).
  49. ^ A b Special Exhibition - The Legacy of Fujiwara no Michinaga: Courtly Splendor and Pure Land Faith. Kyōto National Museum, 2009, archived from the original on November 30, 2007 ; Retrieved May 15, 2009 .
  50. ↑ 金銅 石川 年 足 墓誌 . Takatsuki City, accessed August 22, 2013 (Japanese).
  51. ^ Exhibition - Shinto art from Nara: Treasures of Tanzan Shrine. Nara National Museum, 2004, archived from the original on July 19, 2011 ; Retrieved May 15, 2009 .
  52. ^ Museum Collection Room No. 2. Nara Prefecture Archaeological Research Institute, Kashihara , accessed September 13, 2013 .
  53. ↑ a b Yakushi-ji (Ed.): Yakushiji-temple .
  54. ^ A b Edwin A. Cranston: The Yakushiji Poems . In: Sophia University (ed.): Monumenta Nipponica . tape 31 , no. 3 , 1976, p. 299-308 .
  55. ↑ a b bussokuseki (Buddha footprint). JAANUS - Japanese Architecture and Art Net User System, accessed September 11, 2013 .
  56. ↑ The Land of the Gods, Izumo. Shimane Museum of Ancient Izumo, 2007, accessed May 18, 2009 .
  57. ^ Exhibition: Bronze implement and decorative swords. Shimane Museum of Ancient Izumo, 2007, accessed May 18, 2009 .
  58. ↑ Gold Seal. Fukuoka Museum, accessed May 18, 2009 .
  59. ↑ Kubote Historical Museum. City of Buzen, archived from the original on January 14, 2005 ; Retrieved May 18, 2009 .
  60. ^ Stroll through Munakata History. Munakata City, 2006, archived from the original on September 21, 2013 ; Retrieved May 18, 2009 .
  61. ↑ Tokyo National Museum (ed.): Ise Jingu and Treasures of Shinto .
  62. ↑ 福岡 県 平原 方形 周 溝 墓 出土 品 . Itoshima , archived from the original on December 8, 2011 ; Retrieved May 18, 2009 (Japanese).
  63. ↑ Barbara Seyock: The Hirabaru Site and Wajinden Research Notes on the Archeology of the Kings of Ito . In: NOAG . tape 173-174 , 2003, pp. 207–225 (English, online [PDF; accessed August 31, 2013]).

Remarks

  1. ↑ The oldest epoch to which the find can be assigned is decisive for the classification.
  2. ↑ The national treasure also includes a golden-bronze bridle , buckle straps with a floral pattern, a stag's horn scabbard, remains of bridles, iron arrowheads and armor, along with documents about the excavation.
  3. ↑ The remains of another vessel or bowl were also named a national treasure.
  4. ↑ Also declared are an object made of clay, a stone tool and a lump of iron oxide.
  5. ↑ The national treasure also includes a copper box with an inscription from November 1673 and a document about the excavation.
  6. ↑ Parts of a Lotus Sutra and a Samantabhadra Sutra on dark blue paper with gold characters and two sutra spindles are also declared as national treasures.
  7. ↑ A wooden breastplate is also part of the national treasure.
  8. ↑ Various forms of metal fittings are also declared.
  9. ↑ Parts of earthenware , small glass balls and an iron arrowhead were also declared a national treasure .