List of conspiracy theories from Turkey

Conspiracy theories in Turkey, and in particular such anti-Semitic content, have become a common phenomenon in Turkey. Those who utter them are not marginalized, but are respected people. Conspiracy theories can be found in the highest government offices. Often conspiracy theories are explained or referred to as Sèvres syndrome . The idea behind this is that dark powers want to endanger or destroy Turkey's integrity. Jews - and with them Jewish capital, the Dönme , the Zionists , the Mossad , etc. - and also the USA , the Armenians , Freemasons or the West are named as dark powers . Others make nebulous references to dış mihraklar or güç odakları (foreign circles or forces). President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan calls the forces that allegedly afflict Turkey üst akıl (superior intelligence), meaning the USA.

In Turkish, conspiracies are referred to as komplo (“plot”), senaryo (“scenario”), mizansen (“mis en scène”) or oyun (“[agreed] game”).

The conspiracy theory	Evidence or representatives of the conspiracy theory	Explanation
The Menderes government killed protesting students, stored their bodies in depots of the state's General Directorate for Meat and Fish, and then processed them into minced meat.	Hakkı Devrim: Işıl Alatlı kıyma makineleri ayıbının kaynağını söylüyor , Radikal, December 3, 2002	The news was spread after the military coup in Turkey in 1960 .
The armed conflict between left and right in the 1970s was controlled by Zionism.	Anti-communist circles	The reason given was that protagonists of the left movement such as Şefik Hüsnü Değmer or Nâzım Hikmet were Dönme or Jew.
The European single market is a trick of the Zionists.	Necmettin Erbakan advocated this theory.	According to this conspiracy theory, the EU is a three-story house. Right at the top sit the Jews and Jewish capital, on the middle floor the Europeans and at the bottom the exploited Turkey.
The Mossad is behind the September 1986 massacre in the Neve Shalom Synagogue in Istanbul	Ahmet Varol and Harun Yahya advocated this theory.	The logic of the conspiracy was as follows: The Mossad wanted to blacken the Palestinians and to instill so much fear in the Jews in Istanbul that they emigrate to Israel.
A holiday village planned by the Ministry of Tourism in 1988 was a step towards the "Greater Armenia" project.	The journalist Fikri Türkel from the Zaman advocated this theory.
The 8th President Turgut Özal was murdered.	Özal's widow, Semra Özal , made this claim in 1993.	This conspiracy theory is one of the classics. In 2012, Özal was exhumed on the instructions of the public prosecutor.
The plane accident in which the commander-in-chief of Jandarma died in 1993 was sabotage.	Ertuğrul Özkök , who criticized the conspiracy theory, found seven different variants.	According to the military prosecutor's office, it was a combination of pilot error and icing.
The disappearance of the American officer Michael Roland in Bolu in January 1995 was a set game. The American medical troops at Incirlik Air Base only wanted to test the operational capability of the Turkish mountain troops in Bolu ( Dağ ve Komando Tugayı ).	The conspiracy theory was spread by the newspapers Millî Gazete , Zaman and Beklenen Vakit .
The assassination attempt on the head of the Ankara Jewish community, Prof. Dr. Yuda Yürüm was a Mossad action.	Akit journalists Hasan Karakaya and Faruk Köse and journalist Fehmi Koru (under his pseudonym Taha Kıvanç) spread this conspiracy theory.
The secret world state ( Gizli Dünya Devleti ) rules the world.	This anti-Semitic conspiracy theory was spread in 1996 by Necmettin Erbakan and the Millî Gazete.	The Millî Gazete had a book with the title Gizli Dünya Devleti printed and distributed to its readers. It was partly a translation and adaptation of Gary Allen's None Dare Call It Conspiracy (German Die Insider ). It was created by the foundation of the anti-Semite Adnan Oktar . The secret world rulers in the book are the Jews. The book states that certain Jews drink human blood and murdered countless people for it, and that Hitler was supported by the Zionists.
During a visit by Prime Minister Erbakan to the Libyan head of state al-Qaddhafi in 1996, a scandal broke out because al-Qaddhafi sharply criticized Erbakan at the joint press conference. Behind it was Ergenekon .	13 years after the visit, Ergün Diler of the Yeni Şafak spread this conspiracy theory.	In the conspiracy theory an unnamed trustee play an Istanbul Private University, the local CIA agent in Malta called "Rhodes", Mehmet Özbay, the identity of the alleged the Susurluk scandal died Abdullah Çatlı took over, and Veli Küçük a role. A forged dossier was leaked to Qaddafi that Tansu Çiller was supposed to have planned an attack on Gaddafi.
Greece wants to found a "Pontus State" in the Black Sea region .	This theory was spread by the Millî Gazete and the Radikal .	In 1997, delegates at an environmental symposium under the auspices of Patriarch Bartholomew I and Jacques Santer had to cancel a stopover on the Venizelos in the port of Trabzon , as corresponding press reports endangered the safety of the participants. In 2002 a certain Fethi giltepe came into custody because he had traveled to Greece in 1998 to learn Greek and then to promote the "establishment of the state". In the process he was acquitted.
Princess Diana's accidental death was a murder plot by the Mossad and British Intelligence.	This theory was spread by Abdurrahman Dilipak , editor-in-chief of the Akit , Fehmi Koru in the Zaman , Ahmet Ersöz in the Millî Gazete and numerous other authors.	The conspiracy theorists wrote that Diana was pregnant by her Egyptian partner and that the English royal family did not want any Muslim half-siblings for the crown prince. Diana also wanted to convert to Islam. The Secret Intelligence Service and the Mossad arranged for the death to be an accident.
The attempted attack on Jak Kamhi , former chairman of the 500th Yıl Vakfı Foundation , in 1993 was the work of the Mossad.	Mehmet Eymür , former head of the counter-terrorism department at MIT, Fehmi Koru, Mustafa Özcan ( Zaman ) and Kamuran Akkuş ( Akit ) spread this conspiracy theory.	The assassins were caught and sentenced. You belonged to a terrorist organization called İslami Hareket Süreci . A forged MIT document was circulating in the media.
The Lewinsky affair was a game of the Mossad made up.	Among others, Abdullah Öcalan , Ali Kırca , Şükrü Kanber , Fehmi Koru, Abdurrahman Dilipak, Hasan Karakaya and Fikret Bila spread variants of this conspiracy theory.	According to Öcalan, “the Jews” placed the two Jewish agents Hillary Clinton and Monica Lewinsky in the White House in order to force Clinton to seize him, Öcalan.
The bombing of Ahmet Taner Kışlalı was the work of the Deep State .		Sedat Ergin summarized the variants critically in the Milliyet: On the one hand, certain groups in the state wanted to torpedo accession negotiations and democratization. Others sought the masterminds from the Middle Eastern intelligence services. After the house search at Merve Kavakçı's house, the last wanted to change the mood against the Islamists and therefore kill the well-known supporters of secularism and blame Islamists.
The 1999 Gölcük earthquake was the work of the United States or Israel.	The main representative who disseminated the “scientific” version was Behiç Gürcihan, the deputy head of a research facility in Ankara called SESAR, who published a “study” on the anniversary of the 2004 earthquake.	With the technology from HAARP, the USA secretly used high-frequency electromagnetic waves and thus caused the earthquake. According to another variant, it was the Israeli Navy with similar technology.
The Southeast Anatolia project becomes the second Palestine and the region falls into Israeli hands.	Rahşan Ecevit took this view and also claimed that Turkish Jews would flank this with land purchases in the region and central Anatolia. Turkey is occupied. Abdullah Öcalan and the vice chairman of the Büyük Birlik Partisi Atilla Şimşek also support the conspiracy theory.	One variant says that heavily pregnant Jewish women from Israel gave birth to 2,000 Jewish children in the Italian hospital in Şanlıurfa and had them registered there. As adults they would come back and buy land there to settle.
The New World Order is a Zionist world order.	The journalists Fuat Bol ( Türkiye ) and Yaşar Kaplan (Akit) were among the propagators of this conspiracy theory.	For example, the Akit newspaper described Israel as a boil. The Zionists would have invented capitalism and the interest system and these founding members of the New World Order would make astronomical sums with the Zionist world order.
The urban development project in the Istanbul districts of Fener and Balat ( Fener Balat Semtlerinin Rehabilitasyon Projesi ), which was initiated after HABITAT II in 1997, aims to establish a kind of Vatican in Istanbul.		The CHP MP Mesut Değer felt compelled to ask a parliamentary question whether the Vatican was a model for this project.
Abdullah Öcalan is of Armenian descent.	The interior minister at the time, Meral Akşener, described Öcalan as an "Armenian fruit of the womb". The Islamic author Kadir Mısıroğlu made a similar statement .	Alleged evidence is circulating on the Internet that Öcalan's real name is Artin Agopyan. In addition, allegations often heard from nationalist circles show that it should have turned out that killed PKK fighters were uncircumcised, that the PKK is ruled by Armenians or crypto-Armenians. Also Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu and Abdullah Gul saw themselves often subject to allegations that they were Armenians.
The Koç Holding was founded with the gold, the Chief Rabbi Chaim Nahum stole.	The conspiracy theory can be found in Islamic circles.	The conspiracy theory is: Vehbi Koç and Bernar Nahum are sons of Chaim Nahum. The latter stole money from the Ittihadists , brought it to Switzerland and later bequeathed it to his sons. This is how the holding company was founded. Murat Bardakçı criticized this conspiracy theory with harsh words.
Rahmi Koç , the head of Koç Holding , has secretly become a Christian.	Fehmi Koru spread this rumor in the Zaman .	The conspiracy theory states that Rahmi Koç kissed the hand of Patriarch Bartholomew I during an Easter procession in 1995 . Islamic circles therefore called for a boycott of Koç Holding's goods.
Pope John Paul II appointed Fethullah Gülen as a secret cardinal .		Aytunç Altundal provided the starting point for this conspiracy theory in Cumhuriyet . He wrote that the Pope elevated a clergyman in China and a Muslim leader, king or clergyman to secret cardinals.
The genocide of the Jews is a lie. There was a secret collaboration between Zionists and Nazis.	Adnan Oktar alias Harun Yahya spread this Holocaust denial as a conspiracy theory in various books.	There is still Holocaust denial in the Turkish press. For example, Mustafa Özcan , who is responsible for the foreign policy department of the daily Vahdet , denied the genocide in 2016.
The Knights Templar rule Turkey.	Former Interior Minister Sadettin Tantan was the originator of the conspiracy theory during a speech at a Boğaziçi Üniversitesi conference on embezzlement.	Dozens of articles in the Islamic press adopted this conspiracy theory in 2001, including Mehmet Şevket Eygi .
It was the Mossad who murdered Diyarbakır Police Chief Ali Gaffar Okkan.	The Akit in particular spread this conspiracy theory.	Ertuğrul Özkök counted five variants with five different perpetrators, u. a. the JITEM and the Kurdish Hezbollah .
The Turkish-Jewish businessman Üzeyir Garih was murdered by the Mossad.	Abdurrahman Dilipak , Hasan Karakaya , Mehmet Şevket Eygi , Serdar Arseven and other journalists spread variants of this conspiracy theory. According to Oral Çalışlar from Radikal , it was Ergenekon , whose existence would later turn out to be a chimera.	The reasons given for the Mossad's perpetration were that Garih had secretly become a Muslim, that he was too moderate compared to other Zionists, that he refused to pay the tax to Israel that all Jewish businessmen in the world had to pay, and so on will not tolerate the Mossad.
Christian Zionists and Jews are preparing the end of the world. The evangelical George W. Bush has declared jihad.	This conspiracy theory was spread in book form by Nuh Gönältaş, İsmail Vural, Mustafa Karaca, Kemal Akmeral, Birol Ertan, Ramazan Kurtoğlu and İlhan Akkurt. The poet Lale Müldür was also an advocate of this theory.	The common origin of this theory was the book Forcing God's Hand by journalist Grace Halsell, which appeared in Turkish translation in 2002 with the title Tanrıyı Kıyamete Zorlamak . According to this, evangelicals ("Christian Zionists") and Jews form an alliance for Israel because they consider its establishment to be a prerequisite for the arrival of their respective Messiah, and work towards the destruction of the world in order to move God to usher in Judgment Day . This conspiracy theory was given a boost when George W. Bush was elected President.
The illness of Bülent Ecevit was a conspiracy of the Ankara University Hospital.	Taha Kıvanç and Serdar Arseven spread these rumors. According to Arseven, the Jews were behind this because Ecevit had described Israel's policy as state terror.	The news anchor Ali Kırca later approached Ecevit in his official residence about the rumors, who reported that he had used the countless press rumors as an opportunity to miss the final check-up because he had wanted to save the medical staff from further adversity.
The Yeni Türkiye Partisi , which İsmail Cem and Hüsamettin Özkan founded, was a plot engineered by the USA to split the Sol Parti democracy .	Columnists Hıncal Uluç and Yaman Törüner spread this conspiracy theory.	Mehmet Ali Birand , Emre Kongar and Fatih Altaylı discussed the conspiracy theory.
Masud Barzani is of Jewish origin and the Autonomous Region of Kurdistan is just a branch of Israel.	Sefa Gül (Hürriyet) and Soner Yalçın under the pseudonym Uğur İpek spread this conspiracy theory.	The reason for this conspiracy theory, which only exists in Turkey, was Ahme Uçar , who wrote in 2003 in the magazine Tarih ve Toplum that a Kurdish chief rabbi named Sallum Barzani had been exiled by the Ottomans first to Thessaloniki and later to Jerusalem, and with that suggested that the Barzani clan was of Jewish origin.
The capture of Saddam Hussein in 2003 was just a mere accessory .	The journalist of the Vakit Hasan Karaya launched this conspiracy theory.	Karakaya took the fact that the film Red Dawn had the same name as the US mission Operation Red Dawn , the reason for the conclusion that it was all just a Hollywood script.
The 2003 terrorist attacks against the synagogues in Istanbul were the work of the Mossad.	Columnists Hüsnü Mahalli ( Yeni Şafak ), Hadi Uluengin ( Hürriyet ) and Şakir Şahin spread this conspiracy theory. Dogu Perinçek argued that the PKK and the Mossad had pulled it off together.	The argument followed the pattern that the immigration of Jews to Israel had greatly decreased, so the aim was to scare the Jews in order to persuade them to emigrate to Israel.
The Columbia space shuttle accident was part of God's plan.	Mustafa Özcan promoted this theory in his Yeni Asya column on February 4th and 5th, 2003.	The death of the Israeli astronaut Ilan Ramon over a Palestinian village is an indication that the soil of Palestine will mean the end of the Israeli state.
When Prime Minister Erdoğan fell from his horse in 2003, it was the Israelis who influenced the horse's consciousness with infrared rays.	Four years after the incident, the Ankara manager of the Vakit, Serdar Arseven , spread this conspiracy theory.	Israel was concerned about Erdoğan's comments on the D-8 countries . Israel controls world finances anyway and influences the world media. In addition, the Talmud ordered such cruelty to be carried out on Jews. Arseven rejected anti-Semitism in an interview with Ersin Tokgöz. Israel is simply a threat to humanity.
The USA will drag Turkey into a war on February 17, 2003.	Akşam's Ankara representative , Nuray Başaran , created this conspiracy theory.	Başaran wrote two articles on this on February 17 and 18, 2003. One of them was headed "The Jew rushes to war!"
US Ambassador Eric Edelman wants to smash Turkey.	The Millî Gazete, Abdurrahman Dilipak (Vakit), Can Dündar (Milliyet), Deniz Som Cumhuriyet and Umur Talu (Sabah) spread variants of this theory.	When Edelman was appointed US ambassador in 2003, the fact that he is a Jew was the cause of numerous plot scenarios and anti-Edelman columns in the nationalist and Islamic press. The southeast should be added to the Kurdish state or an Armenia should be established in the east .
The defeat of the CHP in the local elections in Turkey in 2004 was the result of a plot by the USA.	Deniz Baykal declared his election defeat.	A “department” of the Pentagon called the Office of Special Programs circulated a forged document about money transfers to a Swiss account of Baykal's daughter in connection with the list of candidates. The US would have wanted to take revenge for the CHP's no against the stationing of US soldiers in the Iraq war. Baykal told delegates from his party that he would not die of natural causes. American sources then said that Baykal was going mad or had already lost it. It is difficult to imagine that Baykal lives on the same planet.
The Greater Middle East project is an Eretz Israel project .	Islamic and nationalist writers spread this conspiracy theory.	In the Tercüman, Cengiz Çandar described this conspiracy theory as anti-Semitic palaver. In Turkish, the "Greater Middle East Project" is referred to as BOP ( Büyük Ortadoğu Projesi ) and the "Greater Israel Project" as BIP ( Büyük İsrail Projesi ).
The video with the head of Nicholas Berg in 2004 was posed.	The conspiracy theorist Serdar Kuru was the first to propose this theory. He was followed by Hasan Karakaya and Adem Demir from the Vakit, Abdurrahman Dilipak , Mustafa Özcan and Fehmi Koru .	Conspiracy theorists believed that the US needed such a report in order to eclipse reports of torture and abuse by US soldiers. It was also used to depict Muslims as barbarians.
The attack on an İETT bus on June 24, 2004 in Istanbul was either a provocation or the work of Israel.	Hasan Karakaya and Abdullah Birisi each represented a variant of this conspiracy theory in the Vakit .	In fact, that attack was a premature bomb explosion on the lap of a 25-year-old MLCP activist on the eve of a NATO summit in Istanbul. Four people were killed, including the assassin.
It was the United States that triggered the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and subsequent devastating tsunamis through a nuclear test. One variant says that the US did not cause it, but registered the signs. They deliberately failed to warn the affected countries because the majority of them were Muslims.	Hasan Karakaya propagated this conspiracy theory in the Vakit of January 6th and 14th, 2005. In the Millî Gazete it was Mustafa Yılmaz .	The US Embassy in Ankara described the conspiracy theory in a press release on January 4, 2005 as "unimaginable allegations" and explicitly named the newspapers Star Gazetesi , Yeni Şafak and Sabah as the authors.
An alliance of the USA, Jews and evangelists has found out that in 2012 the planet [sic] called Marduk, which was 36 billion km away at the time (2004), will fly past the earth and cause a catastrophe. The invasion of Afghanistan and Iraq serve to rearrange the world on the eve of this event.	The journalist Burak Eldem wrote the book "2012: Marduk'la Randevu" in which he advanced this theory. His colleagues Engin Ardıç ( Sabah ) and Serdar Turgut ( Akşam ) promoted the book with article series. Also Ümit Aslanbay from the Star Gazetesi was convinced by the book claims to be.	The planet Marduk is identical to Nibiru and the starting point for esoteric theories. In the minds of the conspiracy theorists listed here, Marduk is a gas planet. It was named after the deity Marduk and is said to come close to Earth's orbit every 3,661 years.
When the founder of Sabancı Holding Sakıp Sabancı passed away, not everything was right.	The journalists Abdurrahman Dilipak (Akit) and Serdar Arseven (Dünden Bugüne Tercüman) spread this conspiracy theory. Arseven relied on hints from the law professor Mustafa Erdoğan Sürat, who published them on his website for natural remedies.
The traffic accident in Rome in February 2006, in which 12 Turks died, was an attack.	Yılmaz Özdil ( Sabah ) and the Millî Gazete were the originators of this conspiracy theory.	The journalists linked the murder of the Catholic priest Andrea Santore in Trabzon, who had been shot by a 16-year-old 24 hours earlier, and concluded that it must be an act of revenge.
The attack by Alparslan Arslan on the State Council on May 17, 2006 was the work of the Mossad.	Mehmet Şevket Eygi wrote in the Millî Gazete on May 21, 2006 : "It's not that simple ... In addition to the powder vapor from the pistol, you can also smell the scent of Mossad."	In the last instance, the assassin was given life imprisonment with difficult execution and an additional 72 years imprisonment.
The Freemasons and / or Israel poisoned Ataturk.	Among others, Asuman Çelik , Fatih Tezcan, Musa Göktürk, Hasan Ali İzzet, Ömer Altıntop, Ogün Deli and Mustafa Armağan spread variants of this conspiracy theory.	The Masonic variant says that the poisoning happened because the Masonic Lodge was banned in 1935. The variant with Israel claims that Ataturk did not want to allow foreign rule on holy ground and was therefore poisoned. In 2015, the Yeni Şafak spread the claim that İsmet İnönü had been responsible for planning the murder. Several books have appeared on this subject. The conspiracy theory is based on an article published in The Bombay Chronicle in 1937 .
The United States and Israel created the bird flu virus .	Millî Gazete journalists Mustafa Yılmaz and Mustafa Kurdaş , Hasan Karakaya (Akit) Celal Toprak (Bugün), Reşat Nuri Erol and Afet Ilgaz (both Millî Gazete) and the author Aytunç Altındal spread this conspiracy theory. The AKP politicians Turhan Çömez , Eyüp Sanay and Ersönmez Yarbay and the geography professor Ramazan Öze believed in this conspiracy. In a parliamentary group meeting, Yarbay expressed fear that it could be a biological weapon directed against Turkey.	The trigger was the alternative medicine specialist Joseph Mercola. Views were expressed that US Secretary of State Donald Rumsfeld had an economic interest in selling Tamiflu or that the US would use the virus to try to get Turkey to participate in a military intervention. Karakaya saw foreign companies as masterminds who wanted to displace domestic poultry through their breeds.
Israelis dragged the eight-legged tick into Bolu .	The local provincial chairman of the Saadet Partisi Abdullah Uzun, the then chairman of the Saadet Partisi Recai Kutan and the party organ Millî Gazete spread this conspiracy theory.	The background was sports camps for Israeli women called “Queen of the Desert”, in which 600 women took part. Uzun made the claim that the native ticks had only six legs and were non-toxic [sic]. The Millî Gazete raised the question of whether the Mossad was training agents there. Ayşe Özek Karasu noted in her reply to the theory that ticks always have eight legs.
The Aslajet plane crash on December 30, 2007 was a conspiracy.	Five Turkish nuclear physicists who were on their way to a working meeting of the Turkish particle accelerator project of the Süleyman Demirel Universitesi were killed in the accident . This led to numerous conspiracy theories in the Turkish press. Serkan Gölge ( Zaman , the newspapers Millî Gazete , Anadolu'da Vakit and Serdar Turgut ( Akşam )) spread theories that foreign forces wanted to fail an important technology project in Turkey and therefore caused the plane to crash.	This conspiracy theory was fueled by the fact that the physicist Bilge Demiröz, who also worked on the project, was seriously injured in an accident about a month later. This was reinterpreted as an attack.
With the help of scratch cards, the thought of sharing Turkey is anchored in the subconscious.	NGOs and politicians advocated this conspiracy theory.	In 2007, the national lottery company Milli Piyango issued ten million scratch cards. The winners were the players who scratched areas of Eastern Anatolia , Southeast Anatolia and the Eastern Black Sea region. The Treasury Department suspended sales and collected the lots, and the daily Radikal called the conspiracy theory paranoia.
The 700 kg of explosives that were seized in Ankara on September 11, 2007 belonged to the Mossad or the Gülen community .	The former head of the Department of Intelligence Investigations of the Turkish Police , Sabri Uzun, wrote in his book about conspiracies Baykal Kaseti, Dink Cinayeti ve Diğer Complolar , that the masterminds were police officers of the Gülen community. The general secretary of the Türk Dünyası Vakfı Foundation and staff officer with the rank of Colonel (retired) Attila Şimşek made the Mossad responsible.	Investigations revealed that the minibus in which the explosives were seized belonged to a PKK member.
The "mysterious signs" ( gizemli işaretler ) on the floor of the Turkish Parliament are Masonic symbols .	The Ankara representative of the Millî Gazete Mustafa Yılmaz developed this conspiracy theory.	Yılmaz claimed that the architect Clemens Holzmeister was a Jew and that the President of Parliament Abdülhalik Renda , who laid the foundation stone, was a Freemason. They would have made sure to accommodate symbols of the Freemasons. In his March 27, 2007 article, Yılmaz also cited the Protocols of the Elders of Zion as evidence .
Israeli tourists visiting the eastern Black Sea region really want to take over Turkey.	Journalist Mutlu Tönbekici described and named this conspiracy theory in the Vatan newspaper .	The reasons given by their informants were that the Israeli tourists had detailed maps or were looking for natural resources that are not yet known in Turkey. Another believed that they were collecting plants and then genetically improving them in Israel. After all, someone claimed that the Black Sea was the promised land and that the Israelis wanted to usurp it. They have reinterpreted their scriptures accordingly and are not tourists, but all agents.
Israeli tourists have brought in the bark beetle , which damages the spruce forests of the Kaçkar Mountains .	The Vatan newspaper reported on the conspiracy theory.	The governor and the forestry faculty of Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi jointly determined that the allegations were false and that the bark beetle entered the region via Georgia in the 1960s. The governor described the rumors as fueling xenophobia. Action will be taken against the people who spread these rumors.
Foreign countries have a hand in the fatal work-related accidents at the shipyards in Tuzla .	This conspiracy theory came up with the then Industry and Trade Minister Zafer Çağlayan in 2008 .	Minister Çağlayan spoke of forces and circles outside Turkey who were concerned about the position of Turkish shipyards in the world. You have to investigate what's behind it.
The swine flu is a product of biological warfare.	The journalists İbrahim Karagül ( Yeni Şafak ), Mustafa Döver ( Yıldırım Gazetesi ) were among those who spread this conspiracy theory in Turkey.	In addition to biological warfare, pharmaceutical companies have also been accused of developing the virus in order to sell its drugs.
The helicopter crash in which Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu was killed in 2009 was an attack.	This conspiracy theory is widespread in Turkey. Some conspiracy theorists accused Recep Tayyip Erdoğan of ordering Hakan Fidan to assassinate Yazıcıoğlu. Ertuğrul Özkök wrote that the conspiracy theorists had made the “lost black box”, which the helicopter did not have anyway, the basis of their theory.	There was a parliamentary commission of inquiry and a further investigation by Devlet Deneme Kurulu into the accident.
With the genetic manipulations in the seeds that Turkey imports from the USA and Israel, one can exterminate a people in the long term.	Professor Dr. Yusuf Ziya Özcan , the chairman of the Turkish University Council at the time, was the author of this conspiracy theory. Özcan spread this theory in 2010 when he gave a speech at Nevşehir University to mark the start of the academic year. At that time, claims were being made in Turkey that the US was trying to make the world population sterile with genetically modified products .
It is a lie that bin Laden was killed in Operation Neptune's Spear .	Mehmet Şeker (Yeni Şafak), Bülent Erandaç (Takvim) and Tamer Korkmaz (Yeni Şafak) spread this conspiracy theory in Turkey.	Mahir Kaynak took the view that bin Laden had been killed years earlier, but that this had been hidden in order to make US actions in Afghanistan and Iraq appear legitimate.
The new currency symbol, the Turkish Lira (₺), is similar to symbols used by Freemasons and Templars.	Muhammet Altındal (Millî Gazete) spread this theory two days after the central bank announced the new symbol in March 2012.
The Mossad is behind the suicide of Profilo Holding chairman Hayati Kamhi in June 2012.	Ergün Diler , editor-in-chief of the newspaper Takvim, and Cem Küçük (Yeni Şafak) spread this conspiracy scenario.	The fact that there was no apparent cause and that Kamhi was a Turkish Jew fueled this anti-Semitic conspiracy theory. Diler said that the Mossad wanted to persuade the poor Jews to emigrate to Israel. Küçük wrote that the deterioration in Turkish-Israeli relations caused by the scandal in Davos in 2009 and the Ship-to-Gaza incident may have caused the Mossad to intimidate Jewish businessmen close to Erdoğan.
The attack on the Boston Marathon in 2013 was the work of the CIA or the Russian secret service.	Timuçin Mercanoğlu (Millî Gazete) cited the following people who advocated this conspiracy theory: the professor of international relations at Gazi University Doçent Dr. Mehmet Seyfettin Erol, the head of the Faculty of International Relations at Yıldırım Beyazıt University Prof. Dr. Mustafa Sıtkı Bilgin and Yusuf Taş, who is known as the "Caucasus expert".	The conspiracy theorists argued that the US tried to intimidate Kyrgyzstan or Russia wanted to intimidate the US. Taş, however, believed that internal power struggles between the doves and hawks in the US administration were the cause.
The falcon found in Elazığ in 2013 was an Israeli agent.	Residents of Altınayva village found a ringed falcon in July 2013. The ring was labeled "24311 Tel Avivunia Israel". Concerned that it might be espionage, they took the bird to the local kaymakam . From there it went to the local nature conservation authority. The authorities brought the bird to the veterinary clinic of the Veterinary Institute of Fırat University , because they wanted to make sure that the bird was not equipped with transmitting or recording devices. An X-ray was taken. The recording was labeled "Israeli agent". The Conservation Agency issued a press release stating no devices could be detected and the bird was released.
There are people who are trying to kill President Erdoğan using telekinesis or telepathy.	Erdoğan's future advisor, Yiğit Bulut, advocated this conspiracy theory on Turkish television.
Behind the “interest lobby” are Israel and / or Jews.	Prominent proponents of the interest lobby conspiracy theory popular in Turkey are Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and the chief economist of the daily Sabah Oğuz Karamus .	Karamus, for example, opposed Bloomberg LP's coverage of Turkey in 2011, believing this was due to Bloomberg being Jewish. Reports in the Financial Times and the Economist are also only anti-Turkish because they are supposedly in the hands of the (Jewish) Rothschild family. In an article Karamus argued that Israel, the "leaders of the global Jewish diaspora" and the "founders of Zionism" were behind the interest lobby.
Germany and England are behind the Gezi Park protests .	Yiğit Bulut spread this conspiracy theory.	Lufthansa in particular fueled the unrest, fearing competition from Istanbul Airport, which was then under construction . Bulut also reported that Germany and England, which had been responsible for the execution of Adnan Menderes in the past , had now organized the Gezi riots to get rid of Erdoğan.
Behind the Gezi Park protests are the interest lobby, Zionists, George Soros and international entities.	Government circles, the then Prime Minister Erdoğan and others made optional foreign circles, the interest lobby, Otpor! or CANVAS responsible for the unrest. The journalist Mesud Akgül from the newspaper El Aziz sought responsibility with a gang of Zionists, Freemasons and Dönme .
The attack on Charlie Hebdo was the work of foreign intelligence agencies.	Two days after the attack, Okay Gönensin spread in the Vatan that the West had carried out the attack to create a movement in the Islamic world.	A survey by MetroPOLL Stratejik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Merkezi in Turkey showed that 44 percent of those questioned blamed Western intelligence services. Only three percent believed that radical Islamists carried out the attack.
Behind the 1934 Thrace pogrom were Zionists and crypto-Jews .	This conspiracy theory is particularly popular in Islamist circles. An example of this is the article “1934 Trakya Olayları ve perde Arkası” by Nail Kızılkan in the Milli Çözüm magazine from the Millî Görüş environment .	Accordingly, the aim of the attacks was to intimidate the Turkish Jews and induce them to emigrate.
Israel uses moths to destroy the Rize tea harvest.	Yıldıray Oğur spread this conspiracy theory in the Meydan newspaper in 2015.	A cousin expressed this suspicion. In the article he describes how he first tried to invalidate the theory. He made use of typical anti-Semitic stereotypes: The head of “the Jew” works rationally and knows “about the value of money” [sic]. That is too expensive and would not shake the world market even if it was successful [!].
The Russian military operation in Syria is just a prepared game of the Zionists.	Millî Gazete journalist Adnan Öksüz took this view.	Öksüz cited as “evidence” that leading Marxists who helped found the USSR were Jews. The military operation serves to support the establishment of "Greater Israel".
Turkey wants to be dominated by a “superior intelligence” ( üst akıl ).	President Erdoğan coined this idea in connection with the battle for Kobanê .	Erdoğan stated at the time that he did not believe that the PYD was strong enough. There is a superordinate intelligence that has designed this scenario. Rıfat N. Bali wrote that Erdoğan ensured that this term became part of anti-Semitic culture. On another occasion, Erdoğan said that the superior intelligentsia was striving to spread strife in the Islamic world.
The AKP is a US project.	Opponents of the AKP among the nationalists and the Millî Görüş represent and spread this conspiracy theory. These include a. Yalçın Küçük , Soner Yalçın and Ergün Poyraz , who also spread in this context that Bülent Arınç , Recep Tayyip Erdoğan or Abdullah Gül are crypto Jews .	Supporters of this theory believe that the “Jewish lobby” controls the fortunes of the USA and has actively installed the AKP as a representative of moderate Islam as a model for other Islamic states.
Aselsan's engineers did not commit suicide, they were murdered.	The journalist Melik Duvaklı wrote a book dealing with these alleged murders.	The engineers had worked on secret projects and were murdered by foreign states to make these projects fail.
The terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 were the work of the Mossad, or the deep state in the United States.	In Turkey, representatives of this conspiracy theory came from nationalist and Islamic circles. Mention should be made of the doctor and academic Ümit Sayın, the journalist and scientist Erol Mütercimler, the staff officer (retired) Talat Turhan, the author Kemal Evcioğlu and the journalist Serdar Turgut.	Allegedly, the attack only served to justify the hunt for Muslims.
George Soros tries to destroy Turkey.	This conspiracy theory is mainly followed by people from Islamic and nationalist circles who emphasize Soros' Judaism. The law professor Anıl Çeçen and the journalist Hasan Karakaya should be mentioned.	Professor Çeçen considers Soros to be the spokesman for a secret global organization and the spokesman for the “international Jewish lobby organizations”. Karakaya also describes Soros as a representative of the "secret world state" and as a "money sponsor" of the "secret Jewish state".
Mossad and CIA use mind control as a tool.	The psychiatrist and founding rector of the University of Üsküdar Prof. Dr. Nevzat Tarhan and the author Serdar Kuru are among the proponents of this theory.	According to Professor Tarhan, the Mossad was more successful than the CIA because the Torah ordered Moses to spy in Canaan.
International Judaism controls the Freemasons, who in turn, with the help of the intelligence services of the USA, Great Britain and Israel, control the Sufis in Turkey, who in turn control the Islamists, including Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, who is himself a Jew. This is because Erdoğan condemns anti-Semitism. He was brought to power by the Anti-Defamation League , which wants to overthrow Turkey's secular system and replace it with an Islamic regime.	Best-selling author Ergün Poyraz represented this conspiracy theory in the 2007 book Musa'nın çocukları: Tayyip ve Emine .	Erdoğan and his wife are referred to as Jews (children of Moses) in the title of the book. This is used for defamation in Turkey.
The Gülen movement , known as the terrorist organization FETÖ , tried to infiltrate the Turkish state and is behind the attempted coup in Turkey in 2016 .	Julian de Medeiros: Conspiracy Theory in Turkey: Politics and Protest in the Age of 'Post-Truth' . Bloomsbury Publishing, 2018.	The existence of an organization called FETÖ has not been proven.

Individual evidence

1. ^ The Tin-Foil Hats Are Out in Turkey Mustafa Akyol in: Foreign Policy
2. ↑ Rifat N. Bali: Komplo Teorileri: Cehaletin ve Antisemitizmin ReSM i Geçidi. Istanbul 2016, p. 88.
3. ↑ BBC (Turkish)
4. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw} Rıfat N. Bali: Komplo Teorileri: Cehaletin ve Antisemitizmin Resm-i Geçidi. Istanbul 2016, chapter Komplo Teorileri Külliyatı , pp. 93–237.
5. ↑ Mustafa Özcan: İsrail'in bir Galileo'su oldu! Vahdet of January 8, 2016.
6. ↑ Millî Gazete of January 14, 2001
7. ↑ Cengiz Çandar: Anti-Semitist Palavralar, Kürt Düşmanlığı ve BOP in the Dünden Bugüne Tercüman from July 8, 2004
8. ↑ Sabah.com as of August 31, 2018
9. ↑ Mutlu Tönbekici: Karadenizli İsrailiye takar in the daily newspaper Vatan from August 31, 2008
10. ↑ Vatan daily newspaper from September 11, 2008
11. ↑ Hürriyet of July 28, 2013
12. ↑ Effective
13. ↑ Tobias Brunner: “Conspiracy theorist becomes Erdogan's chief advisor” , Spiegel Online, July 10, 2013
14. ↑ Marc David Baer: An Enemy Old and New: The Dönme, Anti-Semitism, and Conspiracy Theories in the Ottoman Empire and Turkish Republic, in: The Jewish Quarterly Review, Volume 103, No. 4. 2013, pp. 523ff.