Me too

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Sculpture in Wendland

#MeToo is a hashtag that has been spread on social networks since mid-October 2017 in the wake of the Weinstein scandal . The phrase "Me too" goes back to the activist Tarana Burke and was popularized as a hashtag by the actress Alyssa Milano , who encouraged affected women to use tweets to draw attention to the extent of sexual harassment and sexual assault . Since then, this hashtag has been used millions of times.

background

origin

Tarana Burke (2018)

The phrase “Me too” was used in 2006 by activist Tarana Burke on the MySpace social network as part of a campaign aimed at promoting empathy among African-American women who had experienced sexual abuse . Burke, who was working on a documentary called Me Too in 2017 , said she was inspired to use the phrase by the story of a 13-year-old girl. The girl had already experienced abuse at this age.

call

After the revelations of the Weinstein scandal in 2017, Alyssa Milano encouraged affected women to speak up.

In October 2017, the Weinstein scandal became public, in which several women accused the film producer Harvey Weinstein of sexual harassment , coercion or rape ; among them Rose McGowan . Alyssa Milano is a friend of both McGowan and Harvey Weinstein's then-wife Georgina Chapman . McGowan publicly criticized Milano's friendship with Chapman.

For several years, Milano and Chapman worked together on the jury of the talent show Project Runway All Stars ; an offshoot of Project Runway , co-produced by The Weinstein Company . In coverage of the Weinstein scandal, Project Runway was referred to as a "pipeline" to Harvey Weinstein to get at models.

Milano is married to Dave Bugliari, who works as an artist agent for the Creative Artists Agency . Research by the New York Times revealed that at least eight agents from the Creative Artists Agency knew about Weinstein but were part of "Weinstein's Silent Cartel ".

In response to the Weinstein scandal, on October 15, 2017, Alyssa Milano called on women everywhere to use the phrase “Me too” to draw attention to the extent of the problem, and wrote on the microblogging service Twitter : “If you are sexually harassed or attacked write “Me too” in response to this tweet ”. The proposal for the call came from Charles Clymer, a friend of Milano's. He had sent her a screenshot that Milano used in her tweet.

In the responses, #MeToo trended as a hashtag and went viral on social networks . Milano announced with another tweet that she had just become aware of Burke's earlier use of the phrase, and called Tarana Burke's backstory "equally heartbreaking as inspiring".

Range

On October 15, 2017, when Milano launched the call with her tweet, the hashtag was used more than 200,000 times on Twitter ; the following day there were already over half a million tweets. On Facebook , 4.7 million users used this hashtag in over twelve million postings within the first 24 hours. The platform reported that 45 percent of its users in the United States have friends who used this hashtag. More than ten thousand people responded to Milano's original tweet, including some celebrities in the entertainment industry.

Some male colleagues in the entertainment industry, including actors Terry Crews and James Van Der Beek , described their own experiences with harassment and abuse under the hashtag, while others confirmed their previous behavior towards women under the hashtag #HowIWillChange ( German  how I will change ). Elizabeth Blank later coined the hashtag #HimThough ( German  he however ).

International awareness

#MeToo was trending in at least 85 nations including India , Pakistan and the United Kingdom . In some non-English-speaking countries, alternative variants of the hashtag have been used, such as France , Italy , Israel , Spain , Vietnam , the French-speaking part of Canada and the People's Republic of China .

Hashtags used alternatively

Aftermath

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After the allegations against Harvey Weinstein became known, several people with and without the hashtag #MeToo took the opportunity to share their experiences of inappropriate behavior of a sexual nature - including but not limited to harassment and violence - as well as gender discrimination . There were allegations by eight women that George HW Bush , former US President , had groped them at meetings. Michael Fallon , Member of the UK Parliament and UK Defense Secretary , resigned in November 2017 after it became known that he repeatedly put his hand on a journalist's knee on the sidelines of a party conference in 2002. Fallon confirmed the allegation and said he apologized immediately after the incident. The journalist concerned expressed herself amazed or amused. She finds it “bizarre” that this incident made her suddenly on the front pages of the newspapers 15 years ago. She denied it was sexual abuse or abuse of power, called the whole fuss a "Westminster witch hunt" and suggested that Fallon had in fact resigned for other reasons. Two days later, it was revealed that Fallon's cabinet colleague Andrea Leadsom had complained to Prime Minister May about him shortly before his resignation after making suggestive remarks to Leadsom. The Welsh Minister Carl Sargeant only committed a few days after the suspension for alleged sexual abuse on Nov. 7, 2017 suicide . In October 2017, 310 women accused the American screenwriter and film director James Toback of sexual harassment. He is said to have masturbated or raped in front of young women. Toback vehemently denied the allegations and made rude comments about these women on Breitbart News Network .

At the end of October 2017, actor Anthony Rapp accused Kevin Spacey of having been sexually molested in 1986 at the age of 14 at a party by the then 26-year-old, drunk Spacey. Shortly thereafter, eight other men said they had been sexually molested by Spacey. On November 3rd, Netflix terminated its collaboration with Kevin Spacey with immediate effect after some colleagues on the House of Cards series confirmed the allegations of sexual harassment. It had also become public that Scotland Yard was investigating Spacey in a 2008 case in London on charges of sexual assault . A few days later it was announced that Ridley Scott would cut out all scenes with Spacey from his latest film All the Money in the World .

Danny Masterson has been accused of abuse and rape by various women. Masterson denied the allegations. Netflix announced Masterson from The Ranch series in December 2017. United Talent Agency ended their collaboration with him.

On November 9, 2017, the New York Times published a report that found five women accusing Louis CK of sexually molesting them over the years. The premiere party for CK's film I love you, Daddy and several TV appearances by the comedian were then canceled. On November 10, 2017, he admitted in a written statement to the Huffington Post that the allegations against him were true, expressed his regret and announced that he would withdraw from the public until further notice. Netflix and the channels HBO and FX also announced the end of the collaboration with Louis CK.

After allegations, John Lasseter had to suspend his position as artistic director at Walt Disney Animation Studios and Pixar Animation Studios for an initial six months . In June 2018, the Disney group announced the separation from Lasseter. He will leave the company at the end of the year, but will still work in an advisory capacity until then.

In addition to the incidents in Hollywood, the hashtag #MeToo also elicited discussions about sexual harassment and abuse in the music industry , in science and in politics . In the music industry, the band Veruca Salt used the hashtag to publicize allegations of sexual harassment against James Toback ; Alice Glass used MeToo to make multiple allegations of sexual violence and other abuse by former Crystal Castles fellow musician Ethan Kath . On November 12, 2017, hundreds of men, women and children took part in the Take Back the Workplace and MeToo Survivors marches to protest against sexual abuse.

Several women politicians, including Senators Heidi Heitkamp , Mazie Hirono , Claire McCaskill and Elizabeth Warren , shared their experiences of sexual abuse. Authorities in California , Illinois , Oregon and Rhode Island have responded to the allegations made public by the campaign. Congressman Jackie Speier presented a list of ways in which sexual harassment complaints can be more easily reported to Capitol Hill . On November 16, 2017, New York Senator Kirsten Gillibrand referred to the MeToo movement when asked about sexual harassment by politicians such as Donald Trump , Bill Clinton , Al Franken and Roy Moore .

The European Parliament convened a meeting in the course of the MeToo movement after allegations against several members of the Parliament and in the offices of the European Union in Brussels became known. The European Commissioner for Trade Cecilia Malmström called the hashtag as a reason for convening the meeting. In the UK, the Cabinet Office is investigating Mark Garnier , who ordered a secretary to buy sex toys for his wife and lover.

In Sweden , several women used the hashtag to confront TV presenter Martin Timell , whose programs on TV4 were canceled shortly afterwards, and against journalist Fredrik Virtanen .

Roy Moore , former Justice of the Supreme Court of Alabama , lost the 2017 extraordinary election to the United States Senate in Alabama on December 12, 2017 after allegations of abuse became known. On November 9, 2017, the Washington Post made public allegations by a woman who claims that Moore, then 32, had sexually induced sexual acts at the age of 14 in 1979. Shortly before the Senate by-elections, nine women already testified to Moore's use of sexual violence against them.

The actresses Ginger Lynn , Jennifer Steele and Danica Dane brought allegations of sexual violence, including rape, against the American porn actor Ron Jeremy . Two reports to the police of women who do not work or did not work in the porn industry were also filed. The Exxxotica organizers eventually banned Jeremy from their events. The industry organization Free Speech Coalition withdrew the “Positive Image Award” it presented to Jeremy in 2009. Jeremy claims that all sexual acts were consensual.

Al Franken , comedian and senator in the Senate of the United States , came on January 2, 2018 his post, and the governor of Minnesota , Mark Dayton , appointed the Deputy Governor Tina Smith senator until a special election in November 2018. Several women had reports of sexual harassment such as being fondled by Franks.

When the German director Dieter Wedel presented himself as a victim of sexual harassment in the course of the #MeToo debate, Jany Tempel went public against him. On January 3, 2018, director Dieter Wedel, as the first German celebrity in the course of the #MeToo debate, was accused of violent and sexual assault by several actresses and former employees in the 1990s. Wedel himself contradicted the statements of the women and announced that they would defend themselves legally. On January 22, 2018, Wedel announced his resignation as director of the Bad Hersfeld Festival with reference to media coverage . Shortly thereafter, it became known that the Munich public prosecutor's office was investigating Wedel on initial suspicion of a sexual offense that was not statute-barred. On January 25, other actresses and former employees accused Wedel of sexual assault. Among other things, a rape in a wooded area is said to have occurred in 1975 while working on the NDR series Paris Stories . In addition, actress Esther Gemsch (then Esther Christinat) describes in another case an alleged sexual assault in a hotel room in 1980, through which she sustained an injury to the cervical spine and which traumatized her. When she resigned as a result, her role was re-cast by Ute Christensen , who Wedel also accused of sexual harassment. The Saarland Broadcasting Corporation was aware of the cases because they were recorded in writing. Thomas Kleist , the director of the Saarländischer Rundfunk, announced on January 25th that everything would be disclosed and investigated. The investigations by the Munich public prosecutor's office in the Jany Tempel case and the Wedel files should continue until mid-2019. Another trial, the Dominique Voland case, is now involved in the investigation. After two and a half years of investigation, victim lawyer Dr. Alexander Stevens the Munich public prosecutor's office because in the Jany Tempel case in the Wedel case there is still no end to the investigation in sight.

Other accused in the German-speaking area are Gebhard Henke , WDR program director, who was dismissed on June 14, 2018, and the former president of the Munich University of Music, Siegfried Mauser .

In Germany, the debate led to the establishment of the Themis trust agency against sexual harassment and violence .

According to a survey by the Korean Confederation of Trade Unions, the working atmosphere in South Korea has improved as a result of the MeToo movement. The management of many companies has shown an active interest in preventing sexual harassment, and women generally felt that they were more valued. There has been some controversial discussion in the media about allegations made by the MeToo movement against well-known figures and lawsuits. The largest case is the allegation against the former governor of Chungcheongnam-do Province and former presidential candidate An Hee-jung , who was sentenced to three and a half years in prison for raping a counselor.

According to a 2019 study by Leanne Atwater, 20-25% of men surveyed said they avoided situations in their professional lives where they were alone with women as a result of #MeToo . Around half of the men feared false accusations , around a quarter said they would rather not hire a woman.

criticism

The hashtag has been criticized for offloading the responsibility for publicizing sexual abuse on the alleged victims, which can be traumatic for them. Some think the hashtag tends to encourage fatigue and outrage rather than unleash intense emotional communication. Tarana Burke herself criticized the movement for ignoring the work done by African American women to encourage dialogue about sexual violence. Yet she showed respect for all those who joined the movement.

On the Maischberger talk show , Sophia Thomalla said : “I think the campaign is an insult to the real victims of rape.” ARD journalist Astrid Frohloff said in the same program that it was dangerous to mix abuse, rape and pick-up by #MeToo.

Around 100 intellectuals, artists and journalists, such as Catherine Deneuve and Ingrid Caven , went on to sign an open letter written by Sarah Chiche , Catherine Millet , Catherine Robbe-Grillet , Peggy Sastre and Abnousse Shalmani and published by the French daily Le Monde on Published January 9, 2018. In this they warned of the “climate of a totalitarian society”. The first sentences are: “Rape is a crime. But picking up or hitting on (iO la drague ), which is insistent or unskillful , is not a crime, just as gallantry is not a macho aggression. ”#MeToo has triggered a“ campaign of denunciation and public accusations ”- the accused are on one Level with sexual aggressors without being able to answer or defend oneself. As a result, they noted a " wave of cleansing " that particularly affected art and culture, which could ultimately lead to a non-free society . It also promotes a puritanism and thus plays into the hands of the opponents of emancipation . It is legitimate to visualize the forms of sexual violence against women. A persistent or clumsy pick-up, however, is not an offense - after all, there would be no sexual freedom without "freedom to annoy someone".

Svenja Flaßpöhler thought the MeToo movement was well meant in January 2018, but it condemned women to a passive role.

David Schneider and Thomas Maul go even further in an essay in the Bahamas magazine from March 2018, which criticizes the MeToo critics for assuming an originally "rational or feminist core" in what they believe to be the anti-feminist "victim protection campaign" this was “an unrestrained attack on civilized coexistence in Western societies from the start”.

Pence effect

In late 2018, a survey of male Wall Street executives demonstrated an adverse effect on women from the MeToo movement. The executives surveyed described this as the "pence effect", according to US Vice President Mike Pence . The latter had said that he was now avoiding dining alone with anyone other than his wife. Many of the men surveyed admitted that they think like pence and described how uncomfortable they felt being alone with female, especially young or attractive, female colleagues for fear of rumors or potential liability. One consequence of the MeToo movement is therefore the loss of male mentors for women who could have helped them climb the career ladder.

Appreciation

The Time has 2017 "The Silence Breakers" as Person of the Year is selected, and all those who have broken their silence in the # MeToo movement Women and men mitgewürdigt. The Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany Angela Merkel welcomed the decision.

In German-speaking Switzerland , #metoo was named Word of the Year 2017 due to the unprecedentedly fast and widespread use of the term there .

According to an analysis by the microblogging service Twitter, #MeToo was the second most-used debate hashtag of 2018.

literature

  • Jodi Kantor and Megan Twohey: She Said: The New York Times bestseller from the journalists who broke the Harvey Weinstein story . 2019, Penguin Press, ISBN 978-1526603272 . 2020, Bloomsbury (Paperback)
    • #Me too. From first unveiling to global movement , Klett-Cotta 2020

Web links

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Abby Ohlheiser: The woman behind 'Me Too; knew the power of the phrase when she created it - 10 years ago . 19th October 2017. 
  2. ↑ Cristela Guerra: Where'd the "Me Too" initiative really come from? Activist Tarana Burke, long before hashtags - The Boston Globe . In: BostonGlobe.com , October 17, 2017. Archived from the original on October 17, 2017. 
  3. ^ A b Zahara Hill: Black Woman Tarana Burke Founded the "Me Too" Movement . In: Ebony , October 16, 2017. Retrieved November 22, 2017. 
  4. ↑ Rachel Leah: Hollywood's brightest join the 10-year-old #MeToo movement, but will that change anything? , Salon . October 17, 2017. 
  5. ↑ Emily Shugerman: Me Too: Why are women sharing stories of sexual assault and how did it start? . In: The Independent , October 17, 2017. Retrieved November 22, 2017. 
  6. ↑ Ed Mazza: #MeToo: Alyssa Milano's Call for Sexual Abuse Victims to Come Forward Goes Viral . In: HuffPost , November 16, 2017. Retrieved November 22, 2017. 
  7. ↑ a b Sophie Hase: Why Alyssa Milano said nothing to Weinstein until now. In: Woman . October 12, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2017 .
  8. ↑ Elizabeth Logan: Rose McGowan Calls Out Alyssa Milano For Defending Friend Georgina Chapman. In: Wmagazine. December 9, 2017, accessed December 3, 2018 .
  9. ^ Daniel Miller, Meg James and Kim Christensen: How Harvey Weinstein used his fashion business as a pipeline to models. In: Los Angeles Times . October 21, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2017 .
  10. ^ Oli Coleman: Alyssa Milano's role in the Weinstein scandal is complicated. In: Pagesix.com. December 13, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2017 .
  11. ↑ Megan Twohey, Jodi Kantor, Susan Dominus, Jim Rutenberg and Steve Eder: Weinstein's Complicity Machine. In: The New York Times . December 5, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2017 .
  12. ^ Dawn C. Chmielewski: NYT Report Details Harvey Weinstein Enablers; CAA Issues Apology “To Any Person The Agency Let Down”. In: Deadline.com . December 5, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2017 .
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  14. ↑ Alyssa Milano reacts to the Weinstein scandal with a touching Twitter action. In: Stern . October 16, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2017 .
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  16. ↑ Nadja Sayej: Alyssa Milano on the #MeToo movement: 'We're not going to stand for it any more'. In: The Guardian . December 1, 2017, accessed December 15, 2017 .
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  18. ↑ a b Rozina Sini: 'MeToo' and the scale of sexual abuse , BBC News. 16th October 2017. 
  19. ↑ Lisa Respers France: #MeToo: Social media flooded with personal stories of assault , CNN. October 16, 2017. Retrieved November 22, 2017. 
  20. ↑ Cassandra Santiago, Doug Criss CNN: An activist, a little girl and the heartbreaking origin of 'Me too' , CNN. 
  21. ↑ More than 12M "Me Too" Facebook posts, comments, reactions in 24 hours . In: CBS News , October 17, 2017. 
  22. ^ Gwilym Mumford: Actor Terry Crews: I was sexually assaulted by Hollywood executive . In: The Guardian , October 11, 2017. Retrieved November 22, 2017. 
  23. ↑ James Van Der Beek's story of sexual abuse is a powerful reminder that men can be victims too . Retrieved November 22, 2017. 
  24. ↑ Why the #MeToo Moment Is Liberating, Dispiriting, and Uncomfortable All at Once , Slate. October 17, 2017. Retrieved November 22, 2017. 
  25. ↑ 12 million women told their story of sexual assault with #MeToo. Now a new hashtag is asking men to take responsibility . October 17, 2017. Retrieved November 22, 2017. 
  26. ↑ Twitter chat: What #MeToo says about sexual abuse in society . In: PBS NewsHour . Retrieved November 22, 2017. 
  27. ↑ Beatrice Montini: Weinstein, Giulia Blasi e le storie su #quellavoltache: "Se c'è squilibrio di potere non c'è mai consenso. Basta processare le vittime » (it) . In: Corriere della Sera , October 17, 2017. 
  28. ↑ A global primal scream: #MeToo (#YoTambien #QuellaVoltaChe # גםאנחנו أنا_كمان #) . In: Los Angeles Times , October 18, 2017. Retrieved November 22, 2017. 
  29. ↑ bento.de April 30, 2018: Five men abuse a woman - all of Spain rebels
  30. ↑ #EnaZeda, un #MeToo à la mode tunisienne . Jeune Afrique. Retrieved November 2, 2019.
  31. ↑ Chris Bell: George Bush Snr accused by interpreter . January 1, 2018. Retrieved November 22, 2017.
  32. ↑ Michael Fallon 'apologized for touching journalist's knee' . BBC News , October 31, 2017.
  33. ↑ Martin Robinson, Kate Ferguson: 'Both my knees are still intact. Get a grip, people ': Journalist whose knee was touched by Defense Secretary Michael Fallon insists she's not a victim - and threatened to punch him in the face if he did it again. TheDaily Mail, October 31, 2017, accessed January 1, 2018 .
  34. ↑ Robert Mendick, Jack Maidment: "Michael Fallon resigned after allegedly telling Andrea Leadsom: 'Cold hands? I know where you can put them'" The Telegraph of November 3, 2017
  35. ^ Welsh Labor minister Carl Sargeant takes own life days after being suspended over allegations of sexual misconduct. The Daily Telegraph , November 7, 2017, accessed January 1, 2018
  36. ↑ Hollywood director James Toback is said to have sexually molested women with the same disgusting scam. Rolling Stone October 24, 2017
  37. ↑ Director James Toback Blasts His 300 Accusers as 'Lying Co ** suckers and C ** ts' Breitbart on October 28, 2017
  38. ↑ Doha Madani: Over 300 Women Chime In After LA Times Details Director's Sex Abuse Reputation . In: HuffPost . October 26, 2017. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  39. ^ Dino-Ray Ramos: Kevin Spacey Apologizes To Anthony Rapp For Alleged Sexual Advances; Chooses To "Live As A Gay Man" . Deadline. October 30, 2017.
  40. ^ New allegations against Kevin Spacey . November 1, 2017. Retrieved November 22, 2017.
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  42. ^ A b Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung GmbH: Further allegations of abuse: Netflix fires Kevin Spacey. November 4, 2017, accessed November 4, 2017 (requires JavaScript).
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  44. ↑ Pádraig Collins: Netflix fires Kevin Spacey from House of Cards . In: The Guardian . November 4, 2017, ISSN  0261-3077 ( theguardian.com [accessed November 4, 2017]).
  45. ↑ Süddeutsche Zeitung : Director cuts Kevin Spacey from new film. November 9, 2017. Retrieved November 9, 2017 .
  46. ↑ Der Spiegel : Ridley Scott cuts Kevin Spacey from his new movie. November 9, 2017. Retrieved November 9, 2017 .
  47. ↑ Lisa Respers France: Danny Masterson off 'The Ranch' amid rape allegations . CNN . December 5, 2017. Retrieved December 5, 2017.
  48. ↑ Dee Lockett: Fifth Woman Accuses Danny Masterson of Rape . Vulture.com ( New York ). December 21, 2017. Retrieved December 21, 2017.
  49. ↑ Yashar Ali: Top Talent Agency Cuts Ties With Danny Masterson Amid Rape Allegations . The Huffington Post . January 4, 2018. Retrieved January 6, 2018.
  50. ↑ Louis CK is Accused of Sexual Misconduct by Five Women , The New York Times , November 9, 2017.
  51. ↑ Louis CK and Abuse of Power , Politico , November 10, 2017.
  52. ↑ Louis CK Finally Responds to Longstanding Stories of Sexual Misconduct , Huffington Post , November 10, 2017.
  53. ↑ Louis CK allegations prompt action by HBO, FX on cnn.com, accessed November 11, 2017
  54. ↑ Hollywood Reporter : John Lasseter's Pattern of Alleged Misconduct Detailed by Disney / Pixar Insiders November 21, 2017 (accessed December 26, 2017)
  55. ↑ Washington Post : Disney animation guru John Lasseter takes leave after sexual misconduct allegations November 21, 2017 (accessed December 26, 2017)
  56. ↑ Augsburger Allgemeine: John Lasseter leaves Pixar and Disney . In: Augsburger Allgemeine . ( augsburger-allgemeine.de [accessed June 18, 2018]).
  57. ↑ Lady Gaga, Sheryl Crow and More Tweet #MeToo To Raise Awareness for Sexual Assault . Retrieved November 22, 2017. 
  58. ↑ Ushma S. Neill: When Scientists Say, "Me, Too" . Scientific American.
  59. ↑ Maggie Gordon: 'Me Too' the 'end of the beginning' of a movement . In: Houston Chronicle , October 19, 2017. Retrieved November 22, 2017. 
  60. ↑ a b Senators say #MeToo: McCaskill, others share their stories of sexual harassment . In: The Washington Post , October 21, 2017. Retrieved November 22, 2017. 
  61. ↑ Director James Toback accused of sexual harassment by 38 women Travis M. Andrews, The Washington Post , October 23, 2017
  62. ↑ Alice Glass Accuses Former Crystal Castles Bandmate of Sexual Assault, Abuse . In: Variety , October 24, 2017. Retrieved November 22, 2017. 
  63. ↑ Crystal Castles' Ethan Kath has denied claims by bandmate Alice Glass that he raped and abused her for years . In: The Telegraph , October 25, 2017. Retrieved November 22, 2017. 
  64. ^ Lindsey Bahr: Hundreds in Hollywood march against sexual harassment . In: The Press Democrat , November 13, 2017. Retrieved November 22, 2017. 
  65. ↑ Latest Front in Weinstein Scandal: Statehouses Say 'Me Too' , US News and World Report. Retrieved November 22, 2017. 
  66. ↑ Few in Washington are saying #MeToo. California congresswoman wants to change that. . In: Miami Herald . Retrieved November 22, 2017. 
  67. ↑ Jennifer Steinhauer: Bill Clinton Should Have Resigned Over Lewinsky Affair, Kirsten Gillibrand Says . 16th November 2017.
  68. ↑ A #MeToo moment for the European Parliament . In: The New York Times , October 25, 2017. Retrieved November 22, 2017. 
  69. ↑ A British minister admits he made his secretary buy sex toys as #MeToo hits Parliament . In: The Washington Post , October 29, 2017. Retrieved November 22, 2017. 
  70. ↑ Martin Timell anklagas for sexism and rasism under inspelningar of "Äntligen hemma" . Quickdraws. Retrieved November 22, 2017.
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  72. ↑ Swedish media sample sexual offense allegations . The Local. October 20, 2017. Retrieved November 22, 2017.
  73. ↑ Cissi Wallin om anklagelserna mot Virtanen: "Bara topped av ett isberg" . Aftonbladet.
  74. ↑ Stephanie McCrummen, Beth Reinhard, Alice Crites: Woman says Roy Moore initiated sexual encounter when she was 14, he was 32 . November 9, 2017. Retrieved November 22, 2017.
  75. ^ The Donald Trump from Alabama badische-zeitung.de of December 11, 2017
  76. ↑ Inside Ron Jeremy Sexual Misconduct Allegations Rolling Stone, November 15, 2017
  77. ↑ US Senator Al Franken resigns. In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung online , December 7, 2017; Carl Hulse: Al Franken's Improbable Political Rise and Sudden Fall. In: The New York Times , December 7, 2017. Al Franken's resignation speech: Transcript. In: CNN.com , December 7, 2017 (English).
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  79. ↑ MJ Lee: Woman says Franken inappropriately touched her in 2010 . Retrieved November 22, 2017.
  80. ↑ Jana Simon, Annabel Wahba: In the twilight. In: The time . January 3, 2018, accessed August 20, 2020 .
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  83. ^ The time of January 25, 2018
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  87. ↑ Dieter Wedel investigations for 2.5 years: "This is no longer a fair trial!" Retrieved on August 20, 2020 .
  88. ↑ Dieter Wedel case: victim lawyer is appalled. Retrieved August 20, 2020 .
  89. ↑ WDR announces Gebhard Henke
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  93. ^ Ock Hyun-ju: Prison term confirmed for ex-governor found guilty of rape. In: The Korea Herald . September 9, 2019, accessed September 9, 2019 .
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  95. ↑ Julie Schlack: #MeToo Flared But Won't Endure . NPR. Retrieved November 22, 2017.
  96. ↑ Mayim Bialik and the trouble with #MeToo . Retrieved November 22, 2017. 
  97. ↑ Jen Gerson: Jen Gerson: I mean no disrespect when I say that I have a problem with #MeToo . October 17, 2017. Retrieved November 22, 2017.
  98. ↑ Sandee LaMotte, CNN: #MeToo sexual assault stories trigger trauma for some . In: CNN . 
  99. ↑ Jessi Hempel: The Problem with #MeToo and Viral Outrage | Backchannel . Retrieved November 22, 2017.
  100. ↑ Libby-Jane Charleston: Why I'm Not Joining The #MeToo Hashtag Even Though I Was Sexually Harassed . HuffPost. October 17, 2017. Retrieved November 22, 2017.
  101. ↑ Sophia Thomalla: #MeToo insults true rape victims ikz-online.de from December 14, 2017
  102. ↑ Martina Meister: France's answer to #MeToo: "We demand the freedom to be intrusive". www.welt.de, January 10, 2018, accessed on January 12, 2018 .
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  105. ↑ Philosopher: # metoo debate is well meant, but condemns women to passive role Focus.de from January 6, 2018
  106. ↑ David Schneider / Thomas Maul: Asexual Harassment Why #MeToo is a large-scale attack on the residues of bourgeois civilization. Retrieved March 7, 2018 .
  107. ^ Wall Street Rule for the #MeToo Era: Avoid Women at All Cost . Bloomberg, December 3, 2018.
  108. ↑ Women on Wall Street. The controversial actions of the scared men . Welt Online, December 4, 2018.
  109. ↑ TIME Person of the Year 2017: The Silence Breakers
  110. ↑ # MeToo movement recognized as "Person of the Year"
  111. ↑ Merkel welcomes appreciation of the campaign against sexual assault by "Time" ( Memento from December 11, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
  112. ↑ #metoo is the German-Swiss word of the year . On December 1, 2017 at srf.ch, accessed on January 11, 2018
  113. ↑ #WeSindMore was the most popular debate hashtag . In: Spiegel Online . 5th December 2018.