Nordbahn (Austria)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Vienna Nordbahnhof – Břeclav
Nordbahn.png
Route number : 114 01
Course book route (ÖBB) : 901
Route length: 77.928 km
Gauge : 1435 mm ( standard gauge )
Network category : A.
Power system : Vienna – state border: 15 kV 16.7 Hz ~
state border – Břeclav: 25 kV 50 Hz  ~
Maximum slope :
Minimum radius : 455 m
Top speed: 140 km / h
Dual track : continuous
Route - straight ahead
Connecting railway from Matzleinsdorf
   
0.000 Vienna North Station
   
Russenschleife to the northwest train station
Stop, stop
1.170 Vienna Traisengasse
BSicon STR.svg
   
2,332 Vienna Vorgartenstrasse
(out of service from May 16, 1943, closed on April 8, 1945)
BSicon STR.svg
BSicon STR.svg
Tower stop ... - above
2.707 Vienna Handelskai
opens on May 4th, 1996 Danube shore line
BSicon STR.svg
   
North Railway Bridge
BSicon STR.svg
   
3.705 Vienna public baths
(opened on April 16, 1964, closed on September 24, 2000)
BSicon STR.svg
Station, station
4,760 Vienna Floridsdorf
   
Northwest Railway to Znojmo
Station without passenger traffic
Floridsdorf freight station
   
Floridsdorfer Hochbahn from Vienna Jedlersdorf
   
6,950 Vienna Siemensstrasse
   
   
Station, station
9,201 Vienna Leopoldau
   
10.800 Start of ETCS L2
BSicon STR + l.svgBSicon ABZgr.svgBSicon .svg
BSicon STR.svgBSicon DST.svgBSicon .svg
Vienna Süßenbrunn-West
BSicon STR.svgBSicon ABZgl.svgBSicon STR + r.svg
BSicon ABZqr + r.svgBSicon SPLag + r.svgBSicon STR.svg
Laaer Ostbahn from Vienna Central Station
BSicon STR.svgBSicon vSTRlo-SHI1r.svgBSicon ABZql + r.svg
Laaer Ostbahn to Laa an der Thaya
BSicon DST.svgBSicon STR.svgBSicon STR.svg
Süßenbrunn disinfection station
BSicon STRl.svgBSicon ABZg + r.svgBSicon STR.svg
BSicon .svgBSicon BHF.svgBSicon STR.svg
12,000 Vienna Süßenbrunn
BSicon .svgBSicon ABZg + l.svgBSicon STRr.svg
   
13,362 Süßenbrunn stop (closed on July 15, 1922)
   
Provincial border Vienna / Lower Austria
Station, station
18.207 German Wagram
Stop, stop
20.770 Helmahof
Stop, stop
23.610 Strasshof
Station without passenger traffic
Strasshof
   
to the Strasshof Railway Museum
Stop, stop
27,100 Silberwald
Station, station
31,313 Gänserndorf 155  m above sea level A.
   
to Groß-Schweinbarth and Mistelbach
   
to Marchegg
Stop, stop
33.510 Weikendorf - Dörfles
Stop, stop
~ 36,200 Tallesbrunn
Station, station
39.845 Angern
   
Connection to the Angern warehouse
Stop, stop
43,400 Stillfried
Station, station
50.218 Dürnkrut 150  m above sea level A.
Stop, stop
53.265 Everyone sparks
Stop, stop
55.247 Sierndorf ad March
Station, station
58,527 Drösing 154  m above sea level A.
   
to Zistersdorf
   
from Korneuburg
   
Connection to ABID AG
Station, station
64,924 Hohenau 151  m above sea level A.
Stop, stop
70.995 Rabensburg
Station without passenger traffic
73.926 Bernhardsthal freight station
Stop, stop
75.197 Bernhardsthal
   
Bernhardsthaler pond
   
76.100 End of ETCS L2
border
77.993 State border between Austria and the Czech Republic
Route - straight ahead
(System separation point 15 kV / 25 kV)
   
Thaya relief channel
   
from Znojmo and from Lednice
   
from (Bratislava–) Kúty (since 1929)
   
Thaya
Station, station
83.182 Břeclav (Lundenburg)
   
to Kúty (until 1929)
   
to Brno
Route - straight ahead
to Prerau and Krakow

The northern line is a double-track, electrified main line in Austria , which leaves Vienna from Vienna Praterstern station in the direction of Moravia ( Czech Republic ). It was built and operated from the 1830s as the first steam train in the Austrian Empire by the corporation of Kaiser-Ferdinands-Nordbahn (KFNB) as part of the Vienna – Krakow connection and was nationalized in 1906. Today the route is part of Pan-European Transport Corridor IV and TEN Corridor No. 22, which runs from Athens to Nuremberg and Dresden , and is used by long-distance trains to Prague , Berlin and Warsaw .

history

Until 1906

1906 until today

nationalization

At the turn of the century there was also a serious effort to bring the important railway lines of the Austrian half of the empire under a uniform administration. … In 1905 rumors about this increased… (Heinersdorff). A heated media debate took place on the subject.

The Vienna North Railway Station in 1908

The Northern Railway was nationalized retrospectively to January 1, 1906 by a law passed by the Reichsrat , the parliament of the Austrian half of the Empire, on October 31, 1906. The law was introduced by Railway Minister Julius Derschatta von Standhalt, who had been the successor of Heinrich von Wittek (Minister until May 1, 1905) and Ludwig Wrbas from June 2, 1906. With the transfer of operations on January 1, 1907, the Northern Railway became part of the Imperial and Royal State Railways (see also: History of the Railway in Austria, Nationalization ).

From November 1918 on, the Northern Railway was operated by the Austrian State Railways (ÖStB), from 1923 by the Federal Railways Austria (BBÖ), 1938–1945 by the Deutsche Reichsbahn and since 1947 by the newly founded state-owned Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB) in their respective legal forms .

Breitenlee marshalling yard project

In 1912–1914, the state railways planned to build a large Breitenlee marshalling yard between the northern line and the Marchegger branch of the eastern line. The realization was delayed by the beginning of the First World War and finally started with the use of prisoners of war. In the interwar period the project was not pursued any further; the existing tracks were used, insofar as they were not dismantled, to park rail vehicles that were no longer needed until after the Second World War . Today only a small remainder of the track system is passable; the 1922 three-track exit to the Ostbahn was no longer shown on the city map around 1960.

Traffic in the First World War

Since Austria-Hungary was at war with Russia from 1914 to 1917 and there was a highly competitive front in Galicia , the Northern Railway had to cope with many military transports to the Eastern Front during World War I until 1918 .

Disintegration of old Austria

With the disintegration of Old Austria (establishment of the Czechoslovak Republic on October 28th and the state of German Austria on October 30th, 1918, definitive definition of the northern border of the Republic of Austria in the peace treaty of St. Germain signed on September 10th, 1919 ), a lot of traffic was lost on the northern railway. Until 1918 it was the direct connection between the central area of ​​old Austria and the crown lands of Galicia and Bukowina with the cities of Krakow , Lemberg and Chernivtsi . Galicia joined the new Polish state in 1918 and Bucovina was annexed by Romania . As a result, freight traffic on the northern railway fell as did long-distance passenger traffic. Traffic between Austria and Czechoslovakia continued as strong economic and family ties continued to exist.

Lundenburg hub goes abroad

In 1918 the railway line administered by Austria was shortened to the section from Vienna to the state border north of the Bernhardsthal station . The Lundenburg railway junction , where the routes to Brno and Krakow forked, boiler houses and turntables were available and passport controls were now taking place, was now in Czechoslovakia. Therefore, track triangles were built just south of the new state border in order to be able to turn heavy steam locomotives without a turntable.

Strasshof freight yard project

During the Nazi era, the Strasshof train station between Deutsch-Wagram and Gänserndorf was to be expanded due to the sharp increase in traffic. However, construction did not start until 1944, so that the planned facility could no longer serve the war-related traffic. Today the Strasshof Railway Museum is located here .

After the Second World War

In 1945 the Iron Curtain came down in front of the new Eastern Bloc . Lower Austria was a Soviet zone of occupation until 1955 . The traffic on the Austrian Northern Railway was thereby greatly reduced. How much the importance of the railway was reduced in the understanding of the Austrians at the time was shown by the fact that no thought was given to the restoration of the Vienna North Railway Station , which was badly damaged in 1945 ; the (rebuildable) ruins of the mighty building were torn down in 1965.

Praterstern station, S-Bahn transport

For the time being, it was difficult to use the tracks at the North Railway Station after the war, as the North Railway Bridge over the Danube was destroyed in April 1945 and could only be used again from 1957; the renewal of the access to the bridge from the Nordbahnhof lasted until 1959. In the meantime, Northern Railway trains were directed over the so-called Russenschleife to the Northwest Railway , whose Danube bridge was usable.

For the planned rapid transit on the northern line to Gänserndorf , the Vienna Praterstern station was rebuilt by 1959 on the Praterstern , one of the most important transport hubs in Vienna, next to the northern railway area . On June 1, 1959, the Floridsdorf - Hauptzollamt high-speed railway was started, and on January 17, 1962, the entire Floridsdorf - Meidling high-speed railway was started , for which the new Vienna Traisengasse stop was built between Praterstern and Floridsdorf .

Since June 1, 1959, the trains of the Nordwestbahn have also been running from Praterstern to Floridsdorf on the Nordbahn, as Vienna's Nordwestbahnhof was shut down as a passenger station on May 31, 1959 and the Nordwestbahnbrücke was subsequently converted into a north bridge .

Linking the Northern Railway and S-Bahn with the U-Bahn

On February 28, 1981, partly under the station Wien Praterstern , the metro station Praterstern of U1 opened. 1996 was next to the station Wien Floridsdorf the subway station Floridsdorf as the northern terminus of the line U6 opened. The second link between the northern line and the U6 has been in the Wien Handelskai traffic station since 1996 , which has also been the northern terminus of the S45 S-Bahn line, which mostly runs via the suburban line to the west of Vienna. On September 2, 2006, in addition to the train station was Vienna Leopoldau the metro station Leopoldau taken as a new northern terminus of the U1 line in operation. Since then, the Nordbahn and the S-Bahn lines that run on it have been connected to the underground network at four stations in Vienna.

The links between regional and local traffic have led to a considerable increase in the frequency of the stations. The Floridsdorf station was therefore completely renovated by 1996, and the Vienna Praterstern station from 2004–2008, which is now also equipped to accommodate long-distance trains.

Connection of the northern branch of the Eastern Railway

The northern branch of the Austrian Eastern Railway running via Laa an der Thaya (border station) in the direction of Brno , Moravia , was traditionally operated from Vienna's Ostbahnhof, most recently from the Südbahnhof (east side) . The Ostbahnast crosses the Nordbahn between the Vienna stations Leopoldau and Süßenbrunn . Since the so-called Vienna S-Bahn main line was much better connected to local public transport than the Südbahnhof, it was decided to run the S-Bahn traffic in the direction of Laa an der Thaya over the main line, from which a track curve between the mentioned stations to the Laaer Ostbahn. Operations to Mistelbach began on September 25, 1983, and to Laa an der Thaya on December 10, 2006. The S-Bahn line S2 now operates here.

Long-distance transport

Long-distance trains of the Northern Railway (like long-distance trains of the Laaer Ostbahn) were mostly led to the Südbahnhof (east side) after 1945 and since 2013 they have been going to the new Hauptbahnhof (see Operation section), which was built at Südtiroler Platz .

Elimination of border controls

The Czech Republic became a member of the European Union on May 1, 2004 . This meant that the customs controls on Austria's northern border fell away. On December 21, 2007, the Czech Republic's accession to the Schengen Agreement came into force; This meant that identity controls (passport controls) were no longer required on the cross-border northern trains.

Water tower

A structural remnant of the old north station is the historic water tower . The roughly cube-shaped brick building with a pyramid roof is a listed building. During an inspection on November 20, 2013, it could be seen that it no longer has an elevated water tank. Along with the railway bridge in the Leystraße area, it is the oldest surviving structure in the north station and was given a new roof in 2012.

Next to the water tower is a former warehouse from the 1960s, the northern railway hall . This hall was adapted for temporary use for events in 2017–2019. The permanent use for cultural events was discussed, initiatives against the planned demolition were formed. On November 10, 2019, a large fire broke out inside, which significantly damaged the hall. A spread to the water tower could be prevented. The old hall was subsequently torn down.

route

The route of the Austrian Northern Railway leads northwards from the Vienna Nordbahnhof, then northeastwards, and crosses the Danube , which has been regulated since 1875 , and the New Danube, completed in 1988, on the Nordbahnbrücke . Passing the northern end of the Old Danube with the Strandbäder stop, which was closed in 2004, it now leads to the Vienna Floridsdorf railway station , from whose predecessor building from 1837 Austria's first steam train ran to Deutsch-Wagram . In Floridsdorf, the north-west railway branches off to Stockerau , Hollabrunn , Retz and Znaim .

The northern railway then runs through the Floridsdorf industrial area, continuing approximately towards the northeast or east-northeast, dead straight through the Marchfeld , with a branch to the Laaer Ostbahn after Vienna Leopoldau station , which goes almost northwards via Mistelbach to the Laa an der Thaya border station and on to Brno leads. At Gänserndorf , for a long time the northern terminus of the S-Bahn traffic on the northern line, the Gänserndorf – Marchegg (- Pressburg ) railway branches off from this .

In Angern the northern railway line turns north and then runs, at a short distance on the right bank of the Austrian- Slovak border river March along, over Drösing and Hohenau to the Austrian border at North Bernhardsthal . The next rail junction is 8 km north of Bernhardsthal in Lundenburg (Břeclav) in the Czech Republic .

Since the route is straight except for a few wide bends, high speed tests were carried out with the 1044.501 locomotive in the Vienna – Hohenau section in the 1990s . Since the end of 2013, the Drösing – Stillfried section in the direction of Vienna has been the first section of the Northern Railway to travel at 140 km / h; in the opposite direction, only 120 km / h are still allowed. In the course of maintenance work, the Austrian northern railway line is to be gradually equipped for a top speed of 160 km / h.

The Strasshof stop was renewed by December 2012 . The reception building was rebuilt, the platforms and the stairs were renewed.

The ETCS Level 2 train control system has been in operation between Vienna Süßenbrunn and Bernhardsthal since October 2014 .

business

passenger traffic

Class 1216 with a long-distance train to Vienna near Břeclav

Long-distance trains run on the northern line between Vienna Süßenbrunn and Lundenburg / Břeclav, connecting Villach , Graz , Wiener Neustadt (all on the Austrian southern line ) and Vienna with Brno, Prague, Krakow and Warsaw.

To Vienna Süßenbrunn, the long-distance trains are led from Vienna Central Station via the Ostbahn ( Vienna Simmering , Vienna Stadlau ) to the Laaer Ostbahn and from there on a loop to the crossing Northern Railway. The ECs to Prague will be hauled by class 1216 locomotives ; two pairs of trains to Warsaw are led by a class 1116 locomotive as far as Břeclav .

In regional traffic, trains of the S 1 ( Vienna Meidling - Gänserndorf ) run every 30 minutes on the Nordbahn (including the main S-Bahn line ), and regional trains from Payerbach-Reichenau or Wiener Neustadt Hbf at different intervals on the southern railway to Bernhardsthal or Lundenburg / Břeclav. S-Bahn trains are run with trains from the 4020 series (since 2016 also with the cityjet ), regional trains consist of a series 1116 locomotive (trains to Bernhardsthal with an 1144) and "Wiesel" double-decker cars including a control car.

Since December 2014, in a cooperation between ÖBB and the Czech State Railways, railjets have been operating daily every two hours from Praha hlavní nádraží (Prague main station) via Vienna main station to Graz main station . Seven sets are provided by ČD , three come from ÖBB. The travel time for the 618-kilometer route is 6 hours and 53 minutes. Since June 16, 2020, the Railjet pair of trains 256/257 has also offered a continuous connection from Graz Hbf to Berlin.

Freight transport

The freight traffic of the Nordbahn consists almost entirely of raw material transports from the Czech Republic and Poland to Austrian power plants, for example to the Dürnrohr power plant on the Tullnerfelder Bahn , and the return of the empty wagons. Because of the different mains voltage, the freight trains are only hauled by class 1116 locomotives, which can accommodate both voltages; In exceptional cases, a class 1063 locomotive has to step in.

Freight trains coming from the north from Vienna Süßenbrunn, like long-distance trains, are mostly guided over the Vienna city line of the Laaer Ostbahn and over a loop to the central marshalling yard Wien-Kledering , trains to Dürnrohr over the Floridsdorfer Hochbahn , Stockerau, Absdorf-Hippersdorf and Tulln an der Donau.

literature

  • Alfred Horn: The Kaiser-Ferdinand-Nordbahn; Volume 2 from: The Austrian-Hungarian Railways 1970 Bohmann Verlag

Web links

Commons : Nordbahn  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Richard Heinersdorff: The imperial and royal privileged railways of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy 1828-1918 , Fritz Molden Verlag, Vienna 1975, ISBN 3-217-00571-6 , p. 42 f.
  2. RGBl. No. 212/1906 (= p. 1047 ff.)
  3. ^ Official daily newspaper Wiener Zeitung , Vienna, No. 127, June 3, 1906, p. 1
  4. Visit to the water tower in the Nordbahnhof: Citizen Participation - Networking - Sustainability, nordbahnhof.wordpress.com, December 1, 2013, accessed November 10, 2019.