Khmelnytskyi

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Khmelnytskyi
Хмельницький
Khmelnytskyi coat of arms
Khmelnytskyi (Ukraine)
Khmelnytskyi
Khmelnytskyi
Basic data
Oblast : Khmelnytskyi Oblast
Rajon : District-free city
Height : 275 m
Area : 90.0 km²
Residents : 267.901 (August 1, 2017)
Population density : 2,977 inhabitants per km²
Postcodes : 29000-
Area code : +380 382
Geographic location : 49 ° 25 '  N , 27 ° 0'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 25 '12 "  N , 27 ° 0' 0"  E
KOATUU : 6810100000
Administrative structure : 1 city
Mayor : Oleksandr Symchyshyn
Address: вул. Гагаріна 3
29000 м. Хмельницький
Website : www.khmelnytsky.com
Statistical information
Khmelnytskyi (Khmelnytskyi Oblast)
Khmelnytskyi
Khmelnytskyi
i1

Khmelnytsky ( Ukrainian Хмельницький ; Russian Хмельницкий Khmelnitsky , originally gemeinostslawisch Плоскиривцы / Ploskirivcy ; Ukrainian from the 18th century to 1954 Проскурів / Proskuriw , Russian Proskurov , Polish Płoskirów ) is the capital of the Oblast same in the Ukraine with about 267,000 inhabitants, industrial city, cultural center the oblast with theater, philharmonic orchestra , university and technical schools.

View of the main street in the city center

geography

The city is traversed by the upper reaches of the southern bow and is located on the main railway line Lviv – Odessa or - Kiev . The major roads M 12 and N 03 cross in the city . It is 278 kilometers (as the crow flies) to the northeast of Kiev and 217 kilometers to Lviv in the west.

history

The city was first mentioned in 1431 when it was called Ploskyriw in Ukrainian and Ploskurow in Russian . At that time it was a small village, but already a respected fortified place in the 16th century, which played an important role in the Khmelnytskyi Uprising .

It belonged to the partition of Poland in 1793 within the nobility Republic of Poland to the province Podolia . Then she came to the Russian Empire and was incorporated into the Podolia Governorate . In 1921 it became part of the Soviet Union and the Ukrainian SSR . During the Second World War , the city was captured by German troops in the summer of 1941 and almost completely destroyed. It was liberated by the Red Army on March 29, 1944 during the Proskurow-Czernowitz operation and rebuilt after the war.

From 1780 to 1954 the city was called Proskuriv in Ukrainian and Proskurov in Russian . On January 16, 1954, the 300th anniversary of Moscow's so-called reunification of Ukraine with Russia , Proskuriw was renamed Khmelnyzkyj in honor of Bohdan Khmelnyzkyj (1595–1657), an ataman of Ukraine, statesman, troop leader and diplomat .

The city developed into a major Jewish center from the 17th century until the Holocaust. Around 1900 the Jewish population was around 49%.

Until the beginning of the 20th century, the city was a typical province without water pipes and sewers . During the Russian Civil War , at the beginning of 1919, the Ukrainian army, led by Symon Petlyura , massacred around 1,700 Jews in Proskurov within a few hours while retreating from the Red Army .

At the end of the 19th century, the well-known Russian writer Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin (1870–1938) served there as a non-commissioned officer in the 46th Dnepr Infantry Regiment. The impressions and observations collected at that time provided him with the material for his story "The Duel". Khmelnytsky than Proskurov one of the two theaters of the war story Restless Night of Albrecht Goes dating back to the 1950s.

Industry began to develop in the city in the 20th century. Especially after the end of the Second World War, industrial companies and residential buildings, educational establishments and cultural institutions emerged on a large scale . Khmelnytskyi is home to one of the largest markets in Ukraine, where almost everything from clothing to electronics is available. Many residents earn their living there. The most widely spoken language in the city is Ukrainian , with the influence of the Russian language on the vocabulary clearly evident.

A monument to Bohdan Khmelnytskyi was erected on the station square.

Twin cities

Partnership or friendship exists between Khmelnitsky and the following cities:

  • United StatesUnited States Modesto (USA), since August 1987
  • BulgariaBulgaria Silistra (Bulgaria), since April 1992
  • SerbiaSerbia Bor ( Serbia ), since May 1995
  • Moldova RepublicRepublic of Moldova Beltsy (Moldova), since June 1996
  • PolandPoland Ciechanów ( Poland ), since November 1996
  • SwedenSweden Kramfors (Sweden), since May 1997
  • China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China Shijiazhuang (People's Republic of China), since October 1998
  • LithuaniaLithuania Siauliai (Lithuania), since May 2001
  • MexicoMexico Aguascalientes (Mexico), since April 2002
  • SpainSpain Manises (Spain), since June 2002
  • IsraelIsrael Carmel (Israel), since September 2007

sons and daughters of the town

literature

  • Proskurov , in: Guy Miron (Ed.): The Yad Vashem encyclopedia of the ghettos during the Holocaust . Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 2009 ISBN 978-965-308-345-5 , pp. 613f.

Web links

Commons : Khmelnytskyi  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Rizzi Zannoni, Karta Podola, znaczney części Wołynia, płynienie Dniestru od Uścia, aż do Chocima y Ładowa, Bogu od swego zrzodła, aż do Ładyczyna, pogranicze Mołdawy, Bracuskiekiego Kziegoows Bełows .; 1772
  2. ^ Magocsi, PR (2002): Historical Atlas of Central Europe. Seattle: University of Washington Press. P. 109
  3. ^ Website of the city - Cooperation programs ( English ), accessed on October 11, 2018