Rühstädt
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Coordinates: 52 ° 55 ' N , 11 ° 52' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Brandenburg | |
| County : | Prignitz | |
| Office : | Bad Wilsnack / Weisen | |
| Height : | 22 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 28.99 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 456 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 16 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 19322 | |
| Area code : | 038791 | |
| License plate : | PR | |
| Community key : | 12 0 70 348 | |
| Community structure: | 4 districts | |
| Office administration address: | Am Markt 1 19336 Bad Wilsnack |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayoress : | Heike Warnke ( CDU ) | |
| Location of the municipality of Rühstädt in the Prignitz district | ||
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Rühstädt is a municipality in the Prignitz district in north-western Brandenburg .
geography
The municipality of Rühstädt is located in northwestern Brandenburg in the Prignitz , about twelve kilometers southeast of the city of Wittenberge , about ten kilometers from the confluence of the Havel and Elbe . The village of Rühstädt itself has around 240 inhabitants. The community is part of the Bad Wilsnack / Weisen office .
Community structure
The inhabited parts of the municipality belong to the municipality of Rühstädt
and the residential areas Ronien , Sandkrug and Ziegelei .
history
The name of the village Rühstädt probably goes back to the word resting place and is related to the fact that the crypt of the village church is the final resting place of the old Brandenburg knightly family von Quitzow , who played an important role in the history of the Mark Brandenburg in the late Middle Ages .
The village was formerly in the castle district of Nitzow of the diocese of Havelberg . 1384 Messrs were thus of Quitzow from the Bishop of Havelberg Dietrich II. One of mortgaged . The Quitzows owned the castle and the village with the associated Elbe ferry until 1719.
The old brick church, the core of which dates from the middle of the 15th century, was redesigned in the Baroque style by Friedrich Wilhelm von Grumbkow in the 18th century and was whitewashed on the outside until around 1890.
On 6./7. In March 1830 Abbendorf, Gnevsdorf and Rühstädt were completely flooded after several dam breaks. The dam breaks were caused by ice drift and ice jam on the Elbe. The damage was considerable.
The knight's seat in the ferry village of Rühstädt was originally owned by the von Stendal family. In 1384 the Quitzow family was first mentioned in a document as having been inherited here; later she also established a noble residential courtyard here. In Rühstädt, Bälow and Gnevsdorf, the Quitzows were fiefs of the Havelberg bishop and in 1552 they built a new Renaissance- style castle with a high stair tower on an artificially created rectangular island opposite the church, protected by a wall and a wet moat .
After the last Quitzow offspring from the Rühstädter line, Cuno Hartwig von Quitzow, died in 1719, the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm I entrusted Friedrich Wilhelm von Grumbkow with Rühstädt. Promoted to major general in 1709, he became vice-president of the board of directors in 1723 and was also a member of the famous tobacco college of the soldier king . In 1737 he was appointed General Field Marshal. To commemorate the enfeoffment with Rühstädt, he had a ten meter high sandstone obelisk built at the western end of the castle park around 1720 . He had the old ruinous castle torn down and replaced with a symmetrical single-storey three-wing complex.
The heirs of the Minister von Grumbkow could not hold Rühstädt, and so in 1780 Magdalene von Jagow, née. von Bismarck (1743–1802), the estate and together with her husband, Georg Otto Friedrich von Jagow (1742–1810), rebuilt the single-winged late baroque palace on the site of the Grumbkow Palace, which burned down in 1780, until 1782. Only the moat was preserved as a decorative element and was spanned by a magnificent bridge decorated with figures. It was not until 1823 that the moat on the garden side of the palace was filled with the redesign of the baroque pleasure garden into a landscape park, and in 1856 the terrace dominating the entire garden front of the palace was built. In 1911 the palace was extended by an extension on the south gable, in 1991 a corresponding extension was carried out on the north side.
The last noble owner, Carl von Jagow (1882–1955), had to leave Rühstädt with his family in October 1945, after he was still allowed to manage the economy and harvesting until September and the property had been expropriated without compensation as part of the land reform . Castle and estate were looted, so that almost the entire inventory as well as the archive and library were lost. The baroque bridge figures were pushed into the ditch and destroyed, as is the alliance coat of arms and the two attic figures from the central buttress of the castle.
After the end of the war, the castle was inhabited by expellees from eastern Germany , before a nursing home for the elderly in the Westprignitz district finally moved in. Even the park, although neglected, was preserved, as was the obelisk, from which only the coats of arms and the inscriptions had been removed. As is known, however, a large part of the manor buildings was demolished. As a result, the spacious courtyard was largely lost. Over the years, the moat in front of the castle has also been filled. Nevertheless, the palace and park were listed as a historical monument in 1977. After 1990 the district and the municipality began to repair the castle and the park. In 1998 the old people's home moved out and the castle was sold in 2000. The new owner completely renovated it. It has been operated as a hotel since 2002.
Estate
According to the plan of the castle and manor complex drawn by J. Wichmann in 1782, it consisted of a whole series of massive buildings that enclosed the spacious manor in a rectangle: office building, brewery, riding and cattle stable, Dutchman's house, bakery and pigeon house and one Barn. The access to the castle island, laid out at the same time as the castle was built in 1782, led over a magnificent stone arch bridge made of plastered brickwork. The bridge cheeks, formerly with sandstone covers and curved ends, had a height of 1.30 meters. They were structured with pilasters , which originally served as pedestals for eight sandstone figures of Greek gods. The bridge spans the moat in the arch and lies in the central axis of the castle. It was disadvantageously redesigned in 1991, whereby the sandstone covers were removed. The driveway is paved with natural stone. There was also a bridge on the park side that provided access to the pleasure garden, but its appearance is unknown.
In the first half of the 19th century, under Friedrich von Jagow, the estate underwent major expansions and changes, which was related to the changes in duties and the restructuring of agriculture. For example, at the entrance to the estate - along the village street opposite the church - several large brick buildings were built in a row, which contained the sheepfold and the barn and which are still in place today. In the 1880s, under Carl von Jagow, other large buildings in the brick architecture with slate roofs typical of the time were added on the estate and in the village: a large horse stable with storage floors, an elongated large cattle stable in the kitchen garden, a new orangery north of the castle Ice cellar in the park, a pigsty at the southern end of the courtyard, several day laborer's houses, the water tower in the kitchen garden, a new rectory and the sexton's shop. Many of these buildings were demolished after 1945. Before the outbreak of the Second World War, the Rühstädt estate comprised the Rühstädt businesses with 380 hectares, Quitzöbel with 290 hectares and the Friedrichswalder Forst with 1500 hectares.
In Rühstädt, the focus was on milk and meat production; extensive areas of the Elb- Werder were available for grazing cattle . Only black and white herdbook cattle were bred , the bulls were bought in East Friesland . The approx. 200 sheep were looked after on the Elbe dykes. Before mechanization, 24 horses were required to manage the estate, plus four carriage horses and one or two riding horses. Mainly young cattle were raised in Quitzöbel. There was also a lot of forest, especially young oak trees. Friedrichswalde was exclusively a forest estate and consisted of almost pure pine forest, which was looked after by two foresters. Before the Second World War, the number of male workers employed year-round in Rühstädt was around 23, from inspectors to accounting officers, Swiss, shepherds, coachmen and foresters to simple day laborers. During the season there were 12-15 women. Ten people were required for the castle household: a servant, a coachman, a cook, a maid, two kitchen assistants, two maids and two gardeners.
Castle Park
With the takeover of Rühstädt by Friedrich Wilhelm von Grumbkow at the beginning of the 18th century, the modest Renaissance garden of the 16th century was also redesigned. He "embellished and enriched this with various plants, rare trees, arcades, trellises and other fruit." At the western end of the park, von Grumbkow had a ten meter high sandstone obelisk set as a point de vue in the central axis. The base was originally decorated with four Grumbkow coats of arms, there were also gold-plated inscriptions on three sides and the obelisk was surrounded by a white grid with yellow tips. The last restoration was carried out here in 1881.
When the palace was rebuilt in 1782 under Georg Otto Friedrich von Jagow, the park was finally redesigned and taken over by J. Wichmann. This pleasure garden was designed entirely in the style of French baroque complexes: on both sides of the main axis of the parterre there were several compartments that were formed by a large transverse axis with an orangery ("orange hall") at the northern end. At the side there were hedge quarters, arcades (hornbeam), bosquets and sections for the orangery. The four central compartments had pieces of lawn with narrow gravel paths and border borders and were bordered by narrow strips of lawn with imaginatively cut shaped trees (box, yew, spruce). At the north-western end of the ground floor there was a garden pavilion, a round “pleasure house”. South of the castle, also outside the moat, was the kitchen garden, which was also divided into symmetrical compartments. The fruit and vegetable beds, which can still be seen today by the water tower, were surrounded by tree planting. The moat, which was built in the 16th century and originally served for defense purposes, was retained as a decorative element, as it was in Grumbkow's time.
In 1823 Friedrich von Jagow had the baroque garden redesigned into a landscape park. In this context, the moat on the park side was filled in to gain space for the pleasure ground. The original table sheet from 1843 already shows this condition. In addition, the baroque regular axis system was dissolved and the garden area made independent. Only the main axis to the obelisk and the parallel axis to the Eiskellerberg, which was originally designed as an arcade, were retained. The central axis, which began behind the pleasure ground, was initially framed by chestnut trees and after 1926 by linden trees. New groups of trees, including wellingtonia, larch, beech, plane tree, acacia, yew, arborvitae and sequoia were added to the park and visual axes were created in the wide Elbe lowlands. Elegantly curved gravel paths around the pond and park boundaries now opened up the area. The pond, which adjoined the southern long side of the baroque pleasure garden, was now included in the overall design with the meadow behind it and its tree-lined banks were designed as an effective backdrop.
After the early death of his first wife, Louise von Gayl, Carl von Jagow laid out a burial place for the family at the south-western end of the park in 1863–1865. It is in the line of sight to the white bridge at the castle and beyond the pond. A brick wall surrounds the complex and an apse-like altar niche with a crucifix is framed by two plaster reliefs after Bertel Thorwaldsen.
Administrative history
Rühstädt has belonged to the Westprignitz district in the Brandenburg province since 1817 and to the Perleberg district in the GDR district of Schwerin from 1952 . Rühstädt has been in the Brandenburg district of Prignitz since 1993.
Incorporations
Gnevsdorf was incorporated into Rühstädt on July 1, 1950 , Abbendorf and Bälow in 1974.
Population development
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Territory of the respective year, number of inhabitants: as of December 31 (from 1991), from 2011 based on the 2011 census
politics
Community representation
The community council of Rühstädt consists of eight community representatives and the honorary mayor. The local election on May 26, 2019 resulted in the following distribution of seats:
| Political party | Seats |
|---|---|
| CDU | 5 |
| The left | 2 |
| SPD | 1 |
mayor
- 1998-2014: Jürgen Herper (CDU)
- since 2014: Heike Warnke (CDU)
Warnke was elected in the mayoral election on May 26, 2019 without an opponent with 90.0% of the valid votes for a term of five years.
Attractions
The list of architectural monuments in Rühstädt includes all the monuments of the state of Brandenburg in this location.
Buildings
- The old water tower, built in 1883, supplied the manor, the kitchen garden and the castle with water. Today it is a landmark of Rühstadt after it was restored in 1991 with the help of Otto-Versand .
- Baroque castle, converted into a hotel in 2002
- Evangelical village church from the late 15th century, renovated in 1662. In the church there is an organ built by Joachim Wagner in 1738 , of which the case and some registers have been preserved, the rest was reconstructed in 2005 by Orgelbau Waltershausen .
- Visitor center of NABU and Naturwacht Brandenburg
Historical monuments
On the outskirts of Abbendorf in the direction of Rühstädt, there has been a memorial since 1977 for 200 prisoners who had to do forced labor in the Abbendorf subcamp of the Brandenburg-Görden prison between 1937 and 1940 .
Funerary monuments
From the late medieval church building (around 1455), the remains of an important late Gothic fresco painting with a depiction of the Last Judgment and coat of arms (von Quitzow / vd Schulenburg ) have been preserved in the apse dome . After they were accidentally exposed when the apse was being cleaned in May and June 1890, the frescoes were restored by the painter August Olbers (born 1860), who was commissioned by the royal government to do this. The carved altar is also preserved, it dates from the beginning of the 15th century and shows a coronation of Mary with Peter and Paul in the shrine and in the wings John the Baptist and Saint George as well as an Annunciation. The Annunciation is also shown on the outside of the wing.
In addition to these art monuments, the interesting grave monuments of the patronage families von Quitzow and von Jagow are preserved in the church. The sandstone and limestone epitaphs to the right and left of the apse are particularly significant, to the right for the captain der Prignitz and imperial field marshal Dietrich VIII von Quitzow (1515–1569), who is a larger than life figure in full armor in a round-arched niche stands, which is framed by rich heraldic decorations. The crown shows a relief with Christ and the flag of victory, the base is decorated with an inscription in a scroll frame. On the left is the epitaph for Dietrich X. von Quitzow, who was slain on October 25, 1593 by plundering mercenaries in Legde, also in armor and standing in a niche. The niche is framed by richly ornamented Corinthian columns with entablature and figurative allegorical accessories; a resurrection relief rises above the entablature. A monument in Legde , also described by Theodor Fontane in the volume Five Castles of his walks through the Mark Brandenburg , in a very similar composition made of limestone, the so-called Quitzowstein, commemorates the bloody deed .
The wall grave for Thomas Günther von Jagow (1703–1777) is also noteworthy. Dated 1788, it is a beautiful classical column structure in the form of an ancient temple facade with mourning putti, the portrait and the coat of arms of the deceased above the entablature. The Berlin sculptor Friedrich Drake created the relief from Silesian marble with mother and child in 1842 as a memorial for Berta von der Schulenburg, born young, who died young. von Jagow (1813-1835). In addition to the grave monument for Count H. c. AM von Blumenthal by Johann Gottfried Schadow in the chapel in Horst (near Kyritz) on the main works of the Berlin School of Classicism in Prignitz. The sculptor Karl Friedrich Wichmann created the bust of Georg Otto Friedrich von Jagow in 1827, which shows him in an antique robe and gives his face almost Caesarian features. The bust for Friedrich von Jagow was modeled in 1856 by the sculptor Karl Cauer . In 1889, the Berlin sculptor Anna von Kahle created the grave monument of the hereditary hunter Carl von Jagow-Rühstädt (1818–1888).
Rühstädt stork village
Rühstädt is the village with the most storks in Germany. In some years up to 40 pairs of storks breed there ; there are also numerous individual storks.
As early as the 1970s, a start was made to support the natural abundance of storks, favored by the richly equipped feeding grounds on the Elbe and Havel meadows, with the help of nesting aids. Sometimes up to five stork nests can be seen on a roof.
In 1996 Rühstädt was awarded the title “ European Stork Village ” by the European Natural Heritage Foundation . In the same year as many as 44 pairs of storks nested here. Information boards have been put up for each nest, informing about when the individual storks have arrived from their winter quarters or have then flown off again, as well as how many offspring have been raised in each case. The community laid most of the overland power lines underground to reduce the risk to the storks. Regular mowing of the meadows provides enough food for small animals, insects and earthworms.
The state of Brandenburg built a visitor center from the typical regional red brick on the outskirts near the Elbe . The center is run by the Naturschutzbund Deutschland (NABU), which has a stork in its coat of arms, and the Brandenburg Nature Guard . In addition to the exhibitions, visitors can also observe the brood care and territorial behavior of the storks up close with the help of cameras in spring and summer.
At the latest since the official title, between 55,000 and 65,000 tourists visit the place on the weekends between April, when the storks fly in, and at the end of August, when they take off. The abundance of storks is therefore also an economic factor: around 130 jobs in restaurants and hotels are geared towards visitor interest.
| year | Pairs of storks | Fledglings |
|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 7th | 9 |
| 1980 | 16 | 24 |
| 1990 | 26th | 56 |
| 2000 | 39 | 71 |
| 2010 | 34 | 54 |
| 2011 | 33 | 53 |
| 2012 | 32 | 54 |
| 2013 | 34 | 72 |
| 2014 | 38 | 53 |
| 2015 | 33 | 51 |
| 2016 | 30th | 32 |
| 2017 | 32 | 46 |
| 2018 | 29 | 30th |
| 2019 | 26th | 32 |
traffic
Rühstädt is located on the district road K 7005 between Klein Lüben , a part of the municipality of Bad Wilsnack , and Legde .
Personalities
- Karl von Jagow (1818–1888), manor owner and politician, born in Rühstädt
literature
- Torsten Foelsch: Rühstädt Castle. In: Palaces and Gardens of the Mark. Edited by Sibylle Badstübner-Gröger, Berlin 1998, DNB 1108785468 .
- Torsten Foelsch: Forest and stately hunting in the country using the example of the Wolfshagen and Rühstädt manors. In: Messages from the Association for the History of Prignitz . Volume 12, Perleberg 2012, pp. 61-90.
- Reinhart Müller-Zetzsche: The village church in Rühstädt. District of Prignitz - Ev. Church in Berlin-Brandenburg. In: Peda Art Guide No. 434, Passau 1998.
- Historical Gazetteer Brandenburg - Part 1 - Prignitz - N-Z . Modifications made by Lieselott Enders . In: Klaus Neitmann (Ed.): Publications of the Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv (State Archive Potsdam) - Volume 3 . Founded by Friedrich Beck . Publishing house Klaus-D. Becker, Potsdam 2012, ISBN 978-3-88372-033-3 , pp. 766 ff .
Movie
- Amongst storks - a village in bird fever. Documentary, Germany, 2014, 43:15 min., Script and director: Herbert Ostwald , production: Marco Polo Film, arte , ZDF , first broadcast: April 1, 2015 on arte ( table of contents )
Web links
- Rühstädt stork club
- NABU visitor center in Rühstädt
- Rühstädt in the series "Landschleicher" of the Ostdeutscher Rundfunk Brandenburg on January 12, 1997
Individual evidence
- ↑ Population in the State of Brandenburg according to municipalities, offices and municipalities not subject to official registration on December 31, 2019 (XLSX file; 223 KB) (updated official population figures) ( help on this ).
- ^ Service portal of the state administration Brandenburg. Rühstädt municipality
- ^ Official Journal of the Royal Government of Potsdam and the City of Berlin , year 1830, 14th issue of April 2, 1830, p. 67, online text at Google books , p. 67.
- ↑ Historical municipality directory of the state of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005. Prignitz district , p. 37, (PDF; 400 kB).
- ↑ Historical municipality register of the State of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005. Prignitz district , pp. 30–33, (PDF; 400 kB).
- ↑ Population in the state of Brandenburg from 1991 to 2017 according to independent cities, districts and municipalities , Table 7
- ^ Office for Statistics Berlin-Brandenburg (Ed.): Statistical report AI 7, A II 3, A III 3. Population development and population status in the state of Brandenburg (respective editions of the month of December)
- ^ Result of the local elections on May 26, 2019. In: The State Returning Officer for Brandenburg .
- ↑ Results of the local elections in 1998 (mayoral elections) for the Prignitz district ( Memento from April 14, 2018 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Result of the mayoral election on May 25, 2014. In: wahlen.brandenburg.de .
- ↑ Brandenburg Local Election Act, Section 73 (1)
- ^ Result of the mayoral election on May 26, 2019. In: wahlen.brandenburg.de .
- ↑ Description of the old village church. In: Amt Bad Wilsnack , accessed on September 15, 2019.
- ↑ Stock statistics of the Rühstädter storks since 1970. In: Storchenclub Rühstädt e. V. , 2019, accessed September 15, 2019.
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