Government district (Düsseldorf)

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State Parliament of North Rhine-Westphalia , seen from the Rhine Tower , as well as supervision of parts of the Rheinkniebrücke and the Rhine promenade
State Parliament building North Rhine-Westphalia , square at the main entrance, in the foreground the circular cast iron sculpture Tzaphon by Dani Karavan
State House , the official residence of the Prime Minister of North Rhine-Westphalia (1961-1999 and again since 2017)
Ständehaus , exhibition building K21 of the North Rhine-Westphalia Art Collection
The Villa Horion , today an annex building of the state parliament, advanced under Prime Minister Franz Meyers in 1961 (in association with the state house) to the official seat of the North Rhine-Westphalian head of state .
View of the government district in 2001, taken from the Rhine Tower with a fisheye lens
Main administration building in Mannesmann (center of the picture, owned by the State of North Rhine-Westphalia since 2008), first state chancellery and seat of the Prime Minister until 1953, proposed as the House of History of North Rhine-Westphalia
At the beginning of the 18th century, planned new palace building in an "ideal plan" by Matteo Alberti : The Rhenish provincial curator Paul Clemen , later supported by Theodor Levin , suspected that the location of the palace would be the Rhine bank of Düsseldorf Neustadt, the "extension", i.e. today's government district , was intended.
Representation of a development in the (later) government district, shown in the 1854 city map at the bottom right
Mannesmann-Hochhaus (2010), icon of architecture from the 1950s , seat of the Ministry of Economics, Innovation, Digitization and Energy of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia
Ensemble of state buildings on the Rhine promenade and Johannes-Rau-Platz
Nocturnal view of the government district from the Medienhafen, on the left the state parliament, in the center of the picture the Rhine Tower, on the right the city ​​gate with the Ministry of Transport and the WDR radio station in Düsseldorf
WDR-Funkhaus Düsseldorf (front) as an urban link between the Medienhafen and the government district
Headquarters of the NRW.Bank , Kavalleriestraße
The new glass-roofed inner courtyard of the former state house also functions as a representative setting for state events in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia.

The government district of Düsseldorf is a spatial area in the state capital Düsseldorf , in which the state parliament and the state government of North Rhine-Westphalia as well as government-related functions are located.

The district extends on both sides of the Rheinkniebrücke on the right bank of the Rhine in the districts of Hafen , Unterbilk and Carlstadt . The urban transition to the Medienhafen is fluid. Through architecture , urban planning , monument protection and art in public spaces , the state of North Rhine-Westphalia expresses its self-image as a state , its identity and its attitudes in questions of building culture in the government district .

Formative buildings, facilities and areas

The following buildings form the core of the government district:

Institutions that use the close proximity of the government and parliament include:

Buildings, facilities and areas that subsequently characterize the government district spatially, structurally or in terms of traffic are:

history

On October 2nd, 1988 the state parliament of North Rhine-Westphalia was inaugurated in the area of ​​the former Berger port on the Rhine. From then on, the building and its use gave the impetus to extensive redesign of the surrounding area. With the choice of its building site in a dominant location on the Rhine, the state parliament placed itself in the row of other important parliament buildings that achieve an imposing appearance due to a position on a large river, for example the parliaments in London and Budapest .

Architect and city planner Edmund Spohr was the spiritus rector of the idea of ​​a new parliament building on the so-called Rhine knee . In the 1970s he was one of the citizens who protested against plans to expand the Ständehaus . At that time, the North Rhine-Westphalia state parliament, which was housed in cramped quarters, was to be expanded into the surrounding park with additions for parliamentary offices on the sides of the estate. Since an expert report had clarified since 1976 that the port of Berger at the bend in the Rhine could be exempted from port use, Spohr suggested it as a building site for a new state parliament building. The state parliament finally agreed to these plans on the condition that the area surrounding the building site had to be redesigned in terms of urban development and, in particular, that the elevated road in front of its entrance had to be moved into a tunnel. This condition then provided the impetus for planning the Rhine bank tunnel and the construction of the Rhine bank promenade in the 1980s and 1990s.

The neoclassical Villa Horion , built in 1911 on today's Johannes-Rau-Platz , had already served the state governors of the Rhineland as the residence and from 1961 onwards some of North Rhine-Westphalia's prime ministers as the official seat and state chancellery , but there was still no talk of a government district there. The official seat of the Prime Minister was jokingly dubbed the Mannesmann gatehouse , because the neighboring Mannesmann AG administration building appeared much more impressive. In the so-called Behrens building of the Mannesmann company, Mannesmannufer 2, the first prime ministers had their official seat and their state chancellery from August 1946 to April 1, 1953, then until 1961 in the former administrative buildings of the provincial insurance institute at Elisabethstrasse 5 and 8-11. On the first floor of the northern wing of the Elisabethstrasse building, the first cabinet room in North Rhine-Westphalia was preserved until the expansion and storage in 2008. The high-quality interior of this room was designed in 1953 by the architect Karl Monerjan (1906–1972) in modernist forms from the 1950s especially for the purposes of the state government.

The state parliament had its first seat from 1949 to 1988 at a greater distance from the Prime Minister's first official seat, in the Ständehaus , the building of the Prussian provincial parliament of the former Rhine Province .

During the reconstruction phase after the Second World War , the city of Düsseldorf thought of developing today's Kennedydamm or Berliner Allee as a government street. However, this idea quickly disappeared when the ministries of the young state of North Rhine-Westphalia began to spread over the city of Düsseldorf. From 1957 the city's considerations for the development of a government district focused on the areas around the Schwanenspiegel and around the Ständehaus, which had been converted into the state parliament building in North Rhine-Westphalia since 1949. The city of Düsseldorf made another attempt to develop a government district in the course of the planning for the Rheinkniebrücke in the 1960s. Under the direction of Friedrich Tamms, three building blocks north and south of the Unterbilker bridge ramp were planned for the construction of a high-rise ensemble, including the areas of the historic residential development on the waterway . In 1969, Tamms wrote in an essay:

“The citizens of the large country must be able to read from the urban appearance where the state government works and how it exists. For the development of Düsseldorf as a place of this political self-portrayal, such an optical-symbolic projection of the political representation of the state in public is of great importance for urban development. "

The historical government district of Düsseldorf lies a long time ago in the old town , from which during the reign of Elector Johann Wilhelm von Pfalz-Neuburg , known as Jan Wellem , not only the duchies of Jülich-Berg , but also the Electoral Palatinate and its neighboring countries were ruled. Since the end of the 18th century, the historic government district had its focus on Mühlenplatz and Mühlenstraße, the connection between Düsseldorf Palace and the Hofgarten , after the market square with the town hall and the old chancellery had previously been the administrative center of the city . The old chancellery also housed the chancellery and the district archive of the Lower Rhine-Westphalian Empire for a time. The Electoral Chancellery for the Duchies of Jülich-Berg, which later served as the government building of the Grand Duchy of Berg , and the governor's palace, were located on Mühlenstrasse, which had increasingly established itself as the main axis of court institutions since the 17th and 18th centuries and the Hofkirche St. Andreas with the mausoleum for the Düsseldorf Wittelsbacher of the dynasty Palatinate-Neuburg .

Already under the Hereditary Prince and later Elector Johann Wilhelm von Pfalz-Neuburg there had been plans for the area of ​​today's government district since the end of the 17th century. According to drafts from the time around 1700, which were attributed to the fortress engineer Cagnon from the Electoral Palatinate, a considerable extension of the city was to be created with a modern fortification system in order to bring merchants and other new citizens into the city by offering free building sites. However, because the influx of people willing to build was limited, the plan for fortified urban expansion was dropped. Only a small settlement approach formed on Neusser Strasse , which was called Neustadt . Here the electoral court chamber agent Joseph Jacob van Geldern , the great-great-grandfather of Heinrich Heine , built his house, including the first synagogue in Düsseldorf . Some Mennonite families, who initially also intended to settle here, encountered difficulties and therefore preferred to settle in Krefeld . In the literature, it is assumed that Johann Wilhelm should have considered building a large baroque palace from the pen of his court architect Matteo Alberti in the area between today's police headquarters and the banks of the Rhine.

In 1701 the construction of an infantry barracks for 4,000 soldiers began in Neustadt . In 1735 a cavalry barracks, which was used until 1803, was built there. The area was also used as a barracks site in the 19th century. A new cavalry barracks was built there in 1822 according to plans by Gottfried Bandhauer for the Westphalian Uhlan Regiment No. 5 , among others . In the 1920s and 1930s, the city planned this area as an administrative site; the buildings of the police headquarters and the regional finance office were built. From 1935 onwards, Friedrich Karl Florian , from 1930 to 1945 the Gauleiter of Düsseldorf , also saw himself called upon to develop capital plans for Düsseldorf based on the model of the overall construction plan for the Reich capital Berlin . The focus of his plans was a monumental axis cross in the historic courtyard garden and various large buildings on the banks of the Rhine.

In the course of the concentration and the new construction of state ministries in the area of ​​Villa Horion, with the opening of the new state parliament building in 1988 and with the redesign of the area through the Rheinufertunnel, Rheinuferpromenade and Rheinpark Bilk, which continued until 1995, an urban space was created on both sides of the foot of the Rheinkniebrücke with a certain quality of stay that made the idea of ​​a North Rhine-Westphalian government district plausible.

The Ständehaus, the former seat of the state parliament, was initially empty from 1988 to 1996. A concept to accommodate the state chancellery and the seat of the prime minister in it was developed during this time, but was discarded for reasons of cost. In 1996 a plan was presented to convert the Ständehaus as an exhibition building for the North Rhine-Westphalia Art Collection . According to this plan, the large, glass-roofed inner courtyard was also intended as a representative setting for state events in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The overall concept was approved by the state and was implemented between 1996 and 2002.

At the initiative of the then Prime Minister Wolfgang Clement , the state of North Rhine-Westphalia had been renting rooms in the Stadttor office tower since 1999 in order to move the Prime Minister's office and the State Chancellery there. The state government formed under Prime Minister Armin Laschet reversed this decision . In the fall of 2017, the Prime Minister's official seat and the State Chancellery were moved back to the State House , where they were located from 1961 to 1999.

In 2007, the then Ministry of Building and Transport, which was integrated into the Ministry of Economics, Energy, Building, Housing and Transport in 2010, moved into the previously renovated administrative building of the now dissolved Oberfinanzdirektion Düsseldorf at Jürgensplatz 1. This planned since 1928, between 1936 and The brick building erected in 1939 for the office of the regional finance president is located between the similarly designed police headquarters in Düsseldorf , Hubertusstrasse, Neusser Strasse and Jürgensplatz (formerly Kavalleriestrasse). Due to the pathetic, functional language of forms, which is typical for New Building , but also for architecture under National Socialism , the building looks like a barracks. After the Second World War, the facility was temporarily used by British forces. Between 1949 and 1952 the building, then known as the Atlantikhaus , was the headquarters of the International Ruhr Authority , whose supervision of the coal and steel industry on the Rhine and Ruhr was rendered obsolete in 1952 when the European Coal and Steel Community was founded.

Discussions and plans

On January 14, 2004, the city of Düsseldorf decided on the master plan “High-rise development in Düsseldorf” as the basis for its urban development. An approximately 100 m high office tower for the Ministry of the Environment is planned in the area of ​​the government quarter on the site of today's Ministry of the Interior at Haroldstrasse 5. Incidentally, this plan classifies large parts of the government district as a high-rise development area of ​​"Zone 2", where the acceptable construction height of a project is to be examined in each individual case according to certain urban development criteria.

On August 23, 2010, the online service of the Rheinische Post reported that, among other things, the Vodafone building complex adjacent to the government district had been bought by the state's own construction and real estate company in order to concentrate other ministries there. The interior ministry building at Haroldstrasse 5 is contaminated with asbestos and can only be demolished. Various members of the state parliament would welcome the planned relocation of ministries to the newly acquired buildings. The Lord Mayor of Düsseldorf, Dirk Elbers , would also agree, because it is appealing to center all ministries close to the state parliament and to re-plan the entire area in terms of urban development.

Also on August 23, 2010, the North Rhine-Westphalia Chamber of Architects joined in the discussion about the redesign of a government district with a press release. In it, she called for an international urban planning competition to be launched as the basis for an “overall concept”, a “great success” and “setting the course for the urban development of the state capital” .

On December 10, 2010, the result of an architectural competition for the expansion and repair of the Düsseldorf police headquarters on the edge of the government district was presented to the public. According to this, the further planning should be based on a design by HPP Architects . This draft provides for the relocation of the parking space on Jürgensplatz to a two-story underground car park, the creation of a public space on Jürgensplatz and a public path connection between Jürgensplatz and Neusser Straße. The police headquarters, which was built between 1929 and 1933 and is now a listed building, is to be expanded along the connection with additions with almost 5,100 m² of office space. In contrast to the massive, barrack-like brick buildings of the existing police headquarters, which bears neoclassical features and which, in its strict forms, merge with the architecture of National Socialism , the extensions are to receive glass facades. The path connection that crosses the complex between Jürgensplatz in the east and Neusser Straße in the west is part of a long-term planned connection between the Ständehaus am Kaiserteich and the state parliament of North Rhine-Westphalia at the knee of the Rhine. The entire construction project is scheduled to begin in 2012 and be completed in 2016.

On May 11, 2011, the state's own construction and real estate company reported that it would build a new state chancellery on the property of the current Ministry of the Interior at 5 Haroldstrasse. The lease for the state chancellery in the so-called city gate building expires in 2021 and the current asbestos-contaminated building of the interior ministry from the early 1980s should, after the interior ministry has moved to the soon-to-be-vacant Vodafone complex, the former Mannesmann AG office building on the Rheinuferpromenade, to be demolished. After this demolition, the new state chancellery at Haroldstrasse 5 could take place. Final decisions on this concept have not yet been made.

In July 2011, the brokerage firm Jones Lang LaSalle spoke up . Among other things, it suggested the government district as a location for further high-rise developments in the sense of a central business district , in order to create new and adequate office capacities, especially for companies from Asia willing to settle. The planning department of the city of Düsseldorf referred to the existing high-rise master plan from 2004, according to which the area of ​​today's Ministry of the Interior could certainly tolerate a significantly higher structural use.

According to reports by the Rheinische Post from August 2011, the State Chancellery and the parliamentary groups in the North Rhine-Westphalia state parliament expect the city of Düsseldorf, as the bearer of planning sovereignty, to develop and present an urban planning concept for the government district in the sense of a "major solution". A subsequent use for the property of the current Ministry of the Interior would have to be the focus of the planning considerations. From the perspective of the surveyed brokers, these developments serve to further profile the state capital as a service metropolis. There is also a connection with the urban development of the Medienhafen as well as the area at the southern end of Königsallee and Friedrichsstadt.

Also in August 2011, the Rheinische Post reported that the President of the State Parliament Eckhard Uhlenberg, with the support of the Mayor of Düsseldorf Dirk Elbers, was pursuing the plan to set up a house of the history of North Rhine-Westphalia in the Villa Horion . In autumn 2011 he wanted to convene an expert commission to work out a corresponding exhibition concept. Under the subsequent state parliament president André Kuper , a vote was taken in 2018 to keep the Villa Horion as the house of parliamentary history and to develop the Mannesmann house into the house of the history of North Rhine-Westphalia .

On March 28, 2013, the Rheinische Post reported that an "Elferrat" of the eleven members of the Düsseldorf state parliament had formed for the concern of the further development of the government district, who agreed that an "overall concept for a real government district" was needed clarify the question "where in Düsseldorf the State Chancellery should be located". The previous accommodation of the approx. 300 employees of the State Chancellery on rented floors in the Stadttor office building is an "expensive model".

Despite earlier reports that the Ministry of the Interior was to be relocated to former properties in the Vodafone complex, which had been specially purchased by the construction and property management company in North Rhine-Westphalia, it was announced on August 15, 2013 that this ministry was now being transferred to one of Portigon AG occupied office building at Friedrichstrasse 62-80 is to move. In addition, the construction and property company of North Rhine-Westphalia confirmed a little later that the state would definitely demolish the building of the interior ministry on Haroldstrasse because of its asbestos pollution. However, the further use of the property is still being examined, whereby the state wants to coordinate with the city of Düsseldorf. For the city, its head of planning declared that it was a “good idea” to now work out a master plan for a government district. In addition to the construction of office space, the construction of apartments will also have to be considered. It was also reported on this train that the Ministry of Economic Affairs would move into the former Mannesmann high-rise . The chairman of the planning committee of the city of Düsseldorf expressed the expectation that in the upcoming planning for a government district also apartments and a replacement for the parking garage on Moselstrasse (opposite the state parliament) could be provided.

According to press reports, the state cabinet decided on May 20, 2014 to create a “contiguous government district without additional costs for the taxpayer”. In this context, consideration is being given to relocating the State Chancellery from the long-term rented rooms of the Stadttor office high-rise to another building, for example to a new building on the Haroldstrasse 5 site. It is also possible to add buildings for two to three ministries there set up, especially for the Ministry of the Environment, which is currently located in the Golzheim district . The State Center for Civic Education North Rhine-Westphalia should also be housed in the building of the recently renovated Ministry of Family Affairs . Other positions that can move into the government district are those of the North Rhine-Westphalia construction and property company and the Ministry of Health. The community of all members of the state parliament from the Düsseldorf constituency brought an architectural design for a new contiguous ministry center into the debate in 2016.

Monuments, works of art in public spaces

See also

Web links

Sources and references

  1. ^ Paul Clemen: The Düsseldorf palace plan of Count Matthaeus Alberti . In: Contributions to the history of the Lower Rhine. Yearbook of the Düsseldorf History Association. Volume 17, Düsseldorf 1902, p. 181 f. , accessed on the archive.org portal on December 25, 2013
  2. ^ Theodor Levin: Contributions to the artistic endeavors of the Palatinate-Neuburg house . In: Contributions to the history of the Lower Rhine. Yearbook of the Düsseldorfer Geschichtsverein 1905 , Volume 19, P. 145 f. , accessed on the archive.org portal on December 25, 2013
  3. ↑ Kurt Düwell: "Operation Marriage". British obstetrics during the founding of North Rhine-Westphalia ( Memento of the original from December 6, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF file; 89 kB). Speech manuscript , Düsseldorf 2006, published on the portal debrige.de of the German-British Society, Working Group Düsseldorf, accessed on 23 September 2012 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.debrige.de
  4. ^ Hugo Weidenhaupt: Brief history of the city of Düsseldorf. 9. revised Edition Düsseldorf 1983, addendum 1990, p. 4.
  5. ↑ City planning office for the state capital of Düsseldorf: Port development since 1976 , website in the duesseldorf.de portal , accessed on October 16, 2012.
  6. ^ State Parliament of North Rhine-Westphalia: From the state house to the new building in the port . Documentation of a photo exhibition of the state parliament of North Rhine-Westphalia, Düsseldorf 2008/09, PDF, accessed on October 16, 2012.
  7. ^ Ewald Grothe : From Catholic Day to the Festival of Generations. The history of the country house and Villa Horion 1909–2009. Düsseldorf 2009, (online, pdf with approx. 8.15 MB) .
  8. ↑ Sabina Gierschner: This is where the fathers of North Rhine-Westphalia sat: the first cabinet room of the state government in Düsseldorf . In: Preservation of monuments in the Rhineland , issue 3/2011, pp. 135 ff.
  9. ↑ Friedrich Tamms in the master plan of the city of Düsseldorf 1957 : “The buildings of the state gather around the Schwanenspiegel , the parliament building in the middle of the park. The state chancellery is still missing. Plans for this are being implemented. ”Quoted from Werner Durth : Deutsche Architekten. Biographical entanglements 1900–1970 . Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, Munich 1992, ISBN 3-423-04579-5 , pp. 449 f.
  10. ↑ The corresponding urban planning model is shown in Werner Durth, p. 459.
  11. ↑ Düsseldorf - Centrality and Claim . In: Friedrich Tamms: Of people, cities and bridges . Econ Verlag, Düsseldorf 1974, ISBN 3-430-19004-5 , p. 53.
  12. ^ JF Wilhelmi: Panorama of Düsseldorf and its surroundings . JHC Schreiner'sche Buchhandlung, Düsseldorf 1828, p. 17.
  13. ^ Klaus Müller: Under Palatinate-Neuburgian and Palatinate-Bavarian rule . In: Hugo Weidenhaupt (Ed.): Düsseldorf. History from the origins to the 20th century. Schwann in Patmos Verlag, Düsseldorf 1988, ISBN 3-491-34222-8 , Volume 2, pp. 55 f.
  14. ↑ JF Wilhelmi, p. 18.
  15. ^ Karl Leopold Strauven : About artistic life and work in Düsseldorf to the Düsseldorf painter school under director Schadow . Hofbuchdruckerei H. Voss, Düsseldorf 1862, p. 26.
  16. ↑ Klaus Müller, p. 66.
  17. ^ JF Wilhelmi: Panorama of Düsseldorf and its surroundings. JHC Schreiner'sche Buchhandlung, Düsseldorf 1828, p. 81.
  18. ↑ Entry in the monument list of the state capital Düsseldorf at the Institute for Monument Protection and Monument Preservation, information on monument protection in the portal duesseldorf.de , accessed on 23 September 2012.
  19. ^ Sabine Tübergen: Oberfinanzdirektion . Article in the portal baukunst-nrw.de , accessed on September 23, 2012.
  20. ↑ Kurt Düwell : "Operation Marriage". British obstetrics during the founding of North Rhine-Westphalia ( Memento of the original from December 6, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF file; 89 kB). Speech manuscript , Düsseldorf 2006, posted on the debrige.de portal of the German-British Society, Working Group Düsseldorf, accessed on September 23, 2012. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.debrige.de
  21. ↑ State capital Düsseldorf: Framework plan "High-rise development in Düsseldorf" , explanation of the concept and PDF document in the online portal of the state capital Düsseldorf, accessed on July 20, 2011
  22. ↑ Denisa Richters: New approach for government district  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , RP ONLINE of August 23, 2010, accessed August 23, 2010@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.rp-online.de  
  23. ↑ Chamber of Architects North Rhine-Westphalia: Press release of August 23, 2010 , accessed on October 19, 2012 from the aknw.de online portal of the North Rhine-Westphalia Chamber of Architects
  24. ↑ Jan Wiefels: The new police presidium  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , RP ONLINE dated December 11, 2010, accessed December 13, 2010@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.rp-online.de  
  25. ↑ HPP plans renovation and expansion , RP ONLINE from June 16, 2011, accessed on June 16, 2011
  26. ↑ Hans Onkelbach: New State on the Rhine? ( Memento of the original from May 14, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , RP ONLINE of May 11, 2011, accessed May 11, 2011 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.rp-online.de
  27. ↑ Guido Hartmann: “Düsseldorf needs high-rise buildings” , article from July 18, 2011 in the WELT ONLINE portal , accessed on July 20, 2011
  28. ↑ Hans Onkelbach: "We need more high-rise buildings" , article from July 4, 2011 in the RP ONLINE portal , accessed on July 20, 2011
  29. ↑ Hans Onkelbach: High-rise buildings have lost their bad image , article from July 7, 2011 in the RP ONLINE portal , accessed on July 20, 2011
  30. ^ Gerhard Voogt: Land examines conversion of the government quarter , article from August 9, 2011 in the RP ONLINE portal , accessed on August 12, 2011
  31. ↑ Hans Onkelbach: Ministries closer together  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Article of August 11, 2011 in the RP ONLINE portal , accessed on August 12, 2011@1@ 2Template: dead link / local-wirtschaft.rp-online.de  
  32. ↑ Detlef Hüwel: A House of History for North Rhine-Westphalia , article from August 24, 2011, accessed on September 12, 2011
  33. ↑ Congratulations, NRW , article dated August 23, 2011, accessed on September 12, 2011
  34. ↑ Denisa Richters: New approach for a Düsseldorf government district , article from March 28, 2013 in the portal rp-online.de , accessed on March 28, 2013
  35. ↑ Nicole Lange: Ministry of the Interior moves into the Portigon house . Article from August 15, 2013 in the portal rp-online.de , accessed on August 15, 2013
  36. ↑ Uwe-Jens Ruhnau: Old Ministry: The city also wants living space . Article from August 16, 2013 in the portal rp-online.de , accessed on August 18, 2013
  37. ↑ René Schleucher: Now there is a new attempt for the government district . Article from March 19, 2013 in the portal wz-newsline.de , accessed on May 21, 2014
  38. ↑ Red-Green plans a contiguous government district . Article from May 20, 2014 in the portal rp-online.de , accessed on May 21, 2014
  39. ↑ Alexander Schulte: The new building should round off the government district. In: Westdeutsche Zeitung. Retrieved January 10, 2016 .